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IMPORTANT THOUGHTS: EACH NADH+H YIELDS 2.5ATP AND EACH FADH2 YIELDS 1.5ATP

Glycolysis: The net ATP yield is 2 ATP. And, since NADH+H shuttles its electrons and protons to FAD, reducing FAD to FADH2, the net yield is 3 ATP in the ETC.

Conversion of pyruvate to ACOA: We do not produce any ATP in this stage. However, the 2 molecules of NADH+H+ will yied 5 ATP in the ETC.

TCA cycle: When calculating the total ATP in the TCA cycle, remember that there are TWO ACoA molecules. So, ATP is made one place in the TCA and with 2 turns of the cycle the ATP yield is 2. NAHD+H+ is produced 6 times (from the TWO ACOA) yielding 15 ATP in the ETC. A total of 2 FADH2 are yielded from the TWO ACOA, thus yielding 3 ATP.

Comparison of ATP Production from ONE glucose molecule (glycolysis) and ATP Yield if start from a molecule of glycogen (glycogenolysis). We use an ATP to get glucose INTO the muscle cell. Since glycogen is already stored in muscle we do not use an ATP in the first reaction of breaking it down.