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Dwarf Planets

In August of 2006 the IAU ( International Astronomical Union) redefined the term planet and created a class called dwarf planets. According to the IAU: A dwarf planet is a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, (c) has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a satellite.

In the last ten years many Pluto like objects have been discovered out past Neptune. This created the problem of how to include them into the family of planets and of having to name perhaps hundreds or thousands of such objects that might eventually be discovered. One, now officially called Eris, is slightly larger than Pluto! In the next lab you'll see its orbit.
 

For those trans-Neptunian objects that don't meet the dwarf planet definition they will be part of the class of "Small Solar System Bodies". But all trans-Neptunian objects including Pluto and Eris also form a class called "Plutonian Objects". Getting confused? Reality is not always neatly compartmentalized!

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Pluto

Mass = 0.0026 Earths
Diameter = 2,190 km (60% of the moon!)
Density = 2.1 g/cubic cm
Plutonian day = 6.3867 Earth days
Distance from Sun = 39.3 AU

Pluto has a composition that is very similar to the larger satellites of Jupiter and Saturn. Pluto also has a moon, Charon, that is more than half its size. If we stood on the surface of Pluto, Charon would be as large as eight of our moons side by side in the sky.

 

Small Solar System Bodies

All objects orbiting the sun that don't meet the definitions of planet or dwarf planet are now called Small Solar System Bodies. These currently include most of the Solar System asteroids, most Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs), comets, and other small bodies. This according to the IAU.

Pluto was the odd-ball of the planets. If it were discovered today, we would not call it a planet. It does not have a composition similar to any of the other planets. In fact, it has a composition that is very similar to the larger satellites of Jupiter and Saturn. Pluto also has a moon, Charon, that is more than half its size. If we stood on the surface of Pluto, Charon would be as large as eight of our moons side by side in the sky.