Final grades are determined by adding all points earned above. The maximum number of points are 110. Absence at any of the quizzes or exams results in zero point on that evaluation item. No make up quizzes or test will be given. In case you must miss quizzes or exams due to illness or other emergency, you can simply use our ``dropping mechanisms''. You can drop three quizzes and one of the four tests/exam. So no need to sweat. Requests for taking the exams at an earlier time should be made at least one week before the scheduled time to allow the instructor and the TA sufficient time to prepare.