.
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Typical of explanations, narratives, formal
definitions and other classroom language tasks.
-
There is little assumption of shared background
knowledge or context.
Meaning is primarily conveyed through linguistic
devices, like complex grammatical structures and explicit vocabulary, which
are independent of the immediate communicative context and transfer directly
to written paragraph construction.
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.
-
Typical of everyday conversations.
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The following resources are important for
facilitating comprehension and constructing meaning:
.
1. shared knowledge
2. gestures
3. intonation
4. facial expressions
5. listener feedback
6. situational cues
7. interactive negotiation of meaning
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