APA
Reference Format
This is
basic info on APA
(American Psychological Association) citation format. The following examples
are to help you use APA in your paper.
1.
When citing a direct quote from an original source - book:
According
to Hickson, Stacks, and Moore (2004), “We are not
always aware of the nonverbal communication of others, and we are sometimes
unaware of our own nonverbal communication” (p. 7).
-OR-
“We are not always aware of the nonverbal
communication of others, and we are sometimes unaware of our own nonverbal
communication” (Hickson, Stacks, & Moore, 2004, p.
7).
2.
Paraphrasing an original source - book:
To
further investigate the meaning of nonverbal communication, it is necessary to
understand the definitions of three closely related terms: verbal, oral, and
vocal (Hickson, Stacks, & Moore, 2004).
How to Show #1-2 on a References Page:
Hickson, M., Stacks, D.
W., & Moore, N. (2004). NVC:
Nonverbal communication:
Studies and applications, (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury.
3.
Direct quote of original source - journal:
According
to research by Burgoon, Manusov,
Meneo, and Hale (1985), there are at least two types
of “deviation from the expected conversational pattern in interview situations:
(1) gaze aversion and (2) constant gaze” (p. 141).
-OR-
There are at least two types of “deviation
from the expected conversational pattern in interview situations: (1) gaze
aversion and (2) constant gaze” (Burgoon, Manusov, Meneo, & Hale, 1985, p. 141).
How to Show #3 on a References Page:
Burgoon, J. K., Manusov, V., Mineo, P. &
Hale, J. L. (1985). Effects of gaze on hiring,
credibility, attraction, and
relational message interpretation. Journal
of Nonverbal Behavior, 9, 133-146.
4.
Paraphrase original source from lecture:
Nonverbal
regulators include four types of turn-taking cues: turn-maintaining, turn-
requesting, turn-yielding, and turn-denying (Dickinson, 2006).
How to Show #5 on a References Page:
Dickinson, E. A.
(6/28/06). Lecture in C&J 323: Nonverbal Communication.
University
of New Mexico.
Albuquerque, NM.
NOTE: When citing in the paper, only use page numbers
when providing a direct quote.
HEADERS:
CREATING A RUNNING HEADER THROUGHOUT THE PAPER:
http://www.unk.edu/acad/continuing_ed/index2.php?id=6668
You can also insert the page number after these running headers, which looks
nice.
CREATING HEADERS THROUGHOUT SECTIONS IN THE PAPER:
http://courseweb.stthomas.edu/rarehn/610/Documents/Headers%20Examples.htm
Source: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed.
(2001). APA: Washington, D.C.