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Alkali-Metal Thermal-to-Electric Conversion
El-Genk, M. S. and F. Carre, "Why Thermoelectrics for the LMFBR Derivative ERATO 20 kWe ?," Final Report No. SERMA/BP 88-99, DEMT 88/382, SERMA/BP/1041, CEA/CEN- Saclay, France, (October 1988). (Technical Report)
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "An Analytical Model for Liquid-Anode and Vapor-Anode AMTEC Converters," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97), AIP No.387(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 26-30, 1997, 1543-1552.
Tournier, J.-M., M.S. El-Genk, and M. Schuller, "Performance Analysis of a Multitube Vapor-Anode AMTEC Cell," Proc. 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2, Honolulu, HI, July 27- Aug. 1, 1997, 1172-1179.
Merrill, J., M. Schuller, P. Hausgen, and R. Sievers, "Vacuum Testing of High Efficiency Multi-Base Tube AMTEC Cells," , Proc. 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2, Honolulu, HI, July 27- Aug. 1, 1997, 1184-1189.
El-Genk, M.S. and J.-M. Tournier, "Parametric Analyses of Vapor-Anode, Multitube AMTEC Cells for Pluto/Express Mission," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98), AIP No.420(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 25-29, 1998, 1461-1470.
Huang, L. and M.S. El-Genk, "Experimental Uncertainties in Vacuum Tests of PX-Series AMTEC Cells," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98), AIP No.420, Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 25-29, 1998.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "AMTEC Performance and Evaluation Analysis Model (APEAM): Comparison with Test Results of PX-4C, PX-5A, and PX-3A Cells," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98), AIP No.420(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 25-29, 1998, 1576-1585.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Sodium Vapor Flow Regimes and Pressure Losses on Cathode Side of Multitube AMTEC Cell," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98), AIP No.420(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 25-29, 1998, 1595-1606.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Radiation/Conduction Model for Multitube AMTEC Cells," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98), AIP No.420(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 25-29, 1998, 1552-1564.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Heat Transfer in the Enclosure of a Multitube Alkali-Metal Thermal-to-Electric Converter Cell," Proc. 7th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference, HTD-357(4), Albuquerque, NM, June 14-18, 1998, 17-24.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "A Model of Electrical Current Collectors in Multitube AMTEC Cells," Proc. 33rd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Colorado Springs, CO, Aug. 2-6, 1998.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "An Electrical Model of Vapor-Anode, Multitube AMTEC Cells," Proc. 33rd Intersociety Engineering Conference on Energy Conversion, Colorado Springs, CO, Aug. 2-6, 1998.
El-Genk, M.S. and J.-M. Tournier, "Recent Advances in Vapor-Anode, Multi-Tube, Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Conversion Cells for Space Power," Proc. 5th European Space Power Conference, Tarragona, Spain, Sept. 21-25, 1998, 257-264.
Huang, L. and M. S. El-Genk, “Experimental Uncertainties in AMTEC Vacuum Tests,” Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98), AIP Conference Proceedings No.420, American Institute of Physics, NY, Vol. 3, 1998, 1471 - 1478. (Proceedings Article)
Tournier, J.-M., M. S. El-Genk, and L. Huang, Experimental Investigations, Modeling, and Analyses of High-Temperature Devices for Space Applications, Final Report UNM-ISNPS-1-1998, Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies, University of New Mexico (January 1999). (Technical Report)
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "An Electric Model of Vapor Anode, Multi-Tube Alkali-Metal Thermal-to-Electric Converter," J. Applied Electrochemistry, 29(11), 1263-1275, 1999.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Performance Analysis of Pluto/Express, Multitube AMTEC Cells," J. Energy Conversion and Management, 40, 139-173, 1999.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Radiation Heat Transfer in Multi-Tube, Alkali-Metal Thermal-to-Electric Converter," J. Heat Transfer, 121, 239-245, 1999.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Sodium Vapor Flow Regimes and Pressure Losses Calculations on the Cathode Side of a Multitube AMTEC Cell," J. Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 13(1), 117-125, 1999.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Sodium Vapor Pressure Losses in a Multitube AMTEC Converter," J. Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 13(1), 117-125, 1999.
King, J.C. and M.S. El-Genk, "Analyses of Nb-1Zr/C-103, Vapor Anode, Multi-Tube AMTEC Cells," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000), AIP No.504(2), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 30- Feb. 3, 2000, 1383-1390.
El-Genk, M. S., Jean-Michel Tournier, Jeffery King, and Yoichi Momozaki, Novel, Integrated Reactor/Power Conversion System (NIR/PCS): lkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Energy Conversion, ISNPS Report No. UNM-ISNPS-3-2000, Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies, The University of New Mexico (October 2000). (Technical Report)
El-Genk, M.S. and J.-M. Tournier, "Analysis of a Vapor Anode, Multi-tube, Potassium Refractory AMTEC Converter for Space Applications," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2001), AIP No.552, Albuquerque, NM, Feb. 11-14, 2001, 1066-1075.
El-Genk, M. S., Jean-Michel Tournier, and Yoichi Momozaki, Novel, Integrated Reactor/Power Conversion System (NIR/PCS): Design and Analysis of Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Units and Interfacing with Nuclear Reactor, ISNPS Report No. UNM-ISNPS-2-2001, Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies, The University of New Mexico (October 2001). (Technical Report)
El-Genk, M.S. and J.C. King, "Performance Analyses of an Nb-1Zr/C-103, Vapor Anode, Multi-Tube AMTEC Cell," J. Energy Conversion and Management, 42,721-739, 2001.
Momozaki, Y. and M.S. El-Genk, "An Investigation of Breakdown Voltage in AMTECs," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2002), AIP No.608, Albuquerque, NM, February 3-6, 2002, 972-979.
El-Genk, M. S. and Jean-Michel Tournier, Performance Analysis of BAPL Alkali- Metal Thermal-To-Electric Converter, ISNPS Report No. UNM-ISNPS-1-2002, Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies, The University of New Mexico (August. 2002). (Technical Report)
El-Genk, M.S. and J.-M. Tournier, "Performance Comparison of Potassium and Sodium Vapor Anode, Multi-Tube AMTEC Converters," J. Energy Conversion and Management, 43(15), 1931-1951, 2002.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Design Optimization of High Power, Liquid Anode AMTEC," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003), AIP No. 654, Albuquerque, NM, February 2-5, 2003, 740-750, 2003.
El-Genk, M.S. and J.-M. Tournier, "Conceptual Design of a 100-kWe Space Nuclear Reactor Power System with High-Power AMTEC," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003), AIP No. 654, Albuquerque, NM, February 2-5, 2003, 397-407.
El-Genk, M.S. and J.-M. Tournier, "High Power AMTEC Converters for Deep-Space Nuclear Reactor Power Systems," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003), AIP No. 654, Albuquerque, NM, February 2-5, 2003, 730-739, 2003.
El-Genk, M.S., "Energy Conversion Options for Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003), AIP No. 654, Albuquerque, NM, February 2-5, 2003, 368-375.
Momozaki, Y. and M.S. El-Genk, "Electrical Breakdown Experiments with Application to Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Converters," J. Energy Conversion and Management, 44(6), 819-843, 2003.
El-Genk, M. S. and H. H. Saber, “High Efficiency. Segmented Thermoelectric for Operation between 973 K and 300 K,” J. Energy Conversion and Management, 44(7), 2003, 1069 – 1088. (Refereed Article)
El-Genk, M. S., H. H. Saber, and T. Caillat, “Efficient, Segmented Thermoelectric for Space Power Applications,” J. Energy Conversion and Management, 44(11), 2003, 1755 – 1772. (Refereed Article)
El-Genk, M. S. and Jean-Michel Tournier, “SAIRS” – Scalable AMTEC Integrated Reactor Space Power System,” J Progress in Nuclear Energy, 45(1), 2004, 25-69. (Refereed Article)
Saber, H. H. and M. S. El-Genk, “Effects of Metallic Coatings on the Performance of Skutterudite-Based Segmented Unicouples,” J. Energy Conversion and Management (Submitted for Review, April 8, 2005). (Refereed Article)
El-Genk, M. S., H. H. Saber, T. Caillat, and J. Sakamoto, “Test Results and Performance Comparisons of Coated and UN-Coated Skutterudite-Based Segmented Unicouples,” J. Energy Conversion and Management, 47, 2005, 174 – 200. (Refereed Article)
El-Genk, M. S., “Space Reactor Power Systems with No Single Point Failures,” J. Nuclear Engineering and Design (in print April, 2007).
Materials Issues
King, J.C. and M.S. El-Genk, "Structural Analyses of a PX-Type, Nb-1ZR/C-103, Vapor-Anode AMTEC Cell," Proc. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2, Las Vegas, NV, July 24-28, 2000, 940-949.
King, J.C. and M.S. El-Genk, "Review of Refractory Materials for Vapor-Anode AMTEC Cells," J. Propulsion and Power, 17(3), 547-556, 2001.
King, J.C. and M.S. El-Genk, "Stress and Buckling Analyses of Multitube, Vapor-Anode, Nb-1Zr/C-103 AMTEC Cells," J. Propulsion and Power, 17(3), 557-565, 2001.
El-Genk, M. S., “Space Nuclear Reactor Power System Concepts with Static and Dynamic Energy Conversion,” J. Energy Conversion and Management Special Issue on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, 49 (3), 2008, 402 – 411.
Capillary Limit
El-Genk, M.S. and J.-M. Tournier, "Optimization of Liquid-Return Artery in a Vapor-Anode, Multitube AMTEC," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98), AIP No.420(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 25-29, 1998, 1586-1594.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "A Heat Transfer Model of the Conical Evaporator in Pluto/Express, Multitube AMTEC Cells," Proc. 33rd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Colorado Springs, CO, 2-6, 1998.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "A Thermal Model of the Conical Evaporator in Pluto/Express, Multi-Tube AMTEC Cells," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-99), AIP No.458(2), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 31- Feb. 4, 1999, 1526-1533.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Conical Evaporator and Liquid Return Wick Model for Vapor Anode, Multi-Tube AMTEC Cells," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-00), AIP No.504(2), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 30- Feb 3, 2000, 1361-1370.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Incipient Dryout in the Evaporator of Vapor Anode, Multi-Tube Alkali-Metal Thermal-to-Electric Conversion Cells," Proc. 35th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2, Las Vegas, NV, July 24-28, 2000, 930-939.
Tournier, J.-M. and M.S. El-Genk, "Incipient Dryout in Porous Evaporator Wicks with Flat and Conical Surfaces," Proc. 34th National Heat Transfer Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, Aug. 20-22, 2000.
Tournier, J.-M., and M.S. El-Genk, "Capillary Limit of Evaporator Wick in Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Converters," J. Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 16(1), 141-153, 2002.
Thermal Insulation Materials
Huang, L., M.S. El-Genk, and M. J. Schuller, "Measurements of Thermal Conductivities of Alumina Powders and Min-K in Vacuum," Proc. 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2, Honolulu, HI, July 27- Aug. 1, 1997, 1190-1195.
Huang, L. and M.S. El-Genk, "Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Alumina Powders and Molded Min-K in Vacuum," Int. J. Energy Conversion and Management, 42(3), 599-612, 2001.
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