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Thermionic (TI) Converters - Fundamentals
El-Genk, M.S., C.S. Murray, and S. Chandhuri, "A Transient Model of a Cesium Vapor Thermionic Converter," Proc. 8th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power Systems, AIP No.217(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 6-10, 1991, 1259-1267.
El-Genk, M. S., C. S. Murray, and S. Chandhuri, "A Transient Model of a Thermionic Converter," Proc. 8th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power Systems, Albuquerque, NM, 6-10 January 1991, AIP Conference Proceedings No. 217, American Institute of Physics, New York, NY, 1991, 1259-1267. (Proceedings Article)
El-Genk, M.S., C. Murray, and S. Chaudhuri, "High Temperature Thermionic Switch/Inverter, Cs-Ba Tacitron," Proc. First High Temperature Electronics Conference, Albuquerque, NM, June 16-20, 1991.
El-Genk, M.S., C. Murray, and S. Chaudhuri, "Effects of Cs Vapor Pressure on Steady-State and Transient Operation of Thermionic Converters," Proc. 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 3, Boston, MA, Aug. 4-9, 1991, 179-184.
El-Genk, M.S., C. Murray, S. Chaudhuri, V. Kaibyshev, A. Borovskikh, Y. Djashiashvili, and Y. Taldonov, "Experimental Evaluation of Cs-Ba Thermionic Switch/Inverter-"Tacitron"," Proc. 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 3, Boston, MA, Aug. 4-9, 1991, 160-165.
Kaibyshev , V., A. Borovskikh, Y. Djashiashvili, Y. Taldonov, M. S. El-Genk, C. Murray, and G. McDuff, "Peculiarities of the Discharge Breakdown of the Cs- Ba Tacitron," Proc. 2nd Specialist Conference of the USSR, Nuclear Power Engineering in Space, Physics of Thermionic Energy Converters, Sukhumi, USSR, 28 October - 2 November 1991. (Proceedings Article)
El-Genk, M.S., H. Xue, C. Murray, and S. Chaudhuri, "'TITAM' Thermionic Integrated Transient Analysis Model: Load-Following Characteristics of a Single-Cell TFE," Proc. 9th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power Systems, AIP No.246(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 12-16, 1992, 1013-1022.
El-Genk, M.S., H. Xue, C. Murray, and S. Chaudhuri, "'TITAM' Thermionic Integrated Transient Analysis Model: Load-Following Characteristics of a Single-Cell TFE," Proc. 9th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power Systems, AIP No.246(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 12-16, 1992, 1013-1022.
Murray, C., M.S. El-Genk, and V. Kaibyshev, "An Analysis of Extinguishing Characteristics of a Cs-Ba Tacitron," Proc. 9th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power Systems, AIP No.246(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 12-16, 1992, 417-426.
Wernsman, B., M.S. El-Genk, and C. Murray, "Ignition of Cs-Ba Tacitron During Breakdown and Extinguishing Modes," Proc. 9th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power Systems, AIP No.246(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 12-16, 1992, 410-416.
El-Genk, M.S. and H. Xue, "Transient and Steady-State Analyses of an Electronically Heated Topaz-II Thermionic Fuel Element," Proc. 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug 3-7, 1992.
El-Genk, M.S., V. Kaibyshev, C. Murray, B. Wernsman, and Y. Djashiashvili, "Effect of the Grid Aperture on the Operation of the Cs-Ba Tacitron Inverter," Proc. 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992.
Murray, C., B. Wernsman, and M.S. El-Genk, "Ignition and Extinguishing Characteristics of Cs-Ba Tacitron," J. Applied Physics, 72(10), 4556-4565, 1992.
Murray, C., M.S. El-Genk, B. Wernsman, and V.K. Kaibyshev, "A Steady-State Model for a Low Pressure, Cs-Ba Tacitron," Proc. 10th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.271(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 10-14, 1993, 447-458.
El-Genk, M.S., H. Xue, and D. Paramonov, "Start-Up Simulation of a Thermionic Space Nuclear Reactor System," Proc. 10th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.271(2), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 10-14, 1993, 935-950.
Xue, H., M.S. El-Genk, and D. Paramonov, "Two-Dimensional Steady-State Analysis of an Electronically Heated Thermionic Fuel Element," Proc. 10th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.271(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 10-14, 1993, 1661-1671.
El-Genk, M.S. and H. Xue, "An Analysis of Thermionic Space Nuclear Reactor Power System: II. Merits of Using Safety Drums for Backup Control," Proc. 10th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.271(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 10-14, 1993, 129-142.
El-Genk, M.S. and D. Paramonov, "An Analysis of Thermionic Space Nuclear Reactor Power System: I. Effect of Disassembling Radial Reflector, Following a Reactivity Initiated Accident," Proc. 10th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.271(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 10-14, 1993, 121-128.
Xue , H. and M. S. El-Genk, "Two -Dimensional Transient and Steady-State Analysis of a TOPAZ-II Thermionic Fuel Element," Proc. 10th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, Albuquerque, NM, 10-14 January 1993, AIP Conference Proceedings No. 271, Part 3, American Institute of Physics, New York, NY, 1993, 1661 - 1671. (Proceedings Article)
El-Genk, M.S. and H. Xue, "Two-Dimensional Transient Analysis of an Electrically Heated Thermionic Fuel Element," Proc. 29th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Atlanta, GA, Aug. 8-13, 1993.
Murray, C., M.S. El-Genk, and V. Kaibyshev, "Self-Extinguishing in a Low Pressure Cesium Discharge," Proc. 28th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Atlanta, GA, Aug. 8-13, 1993.
El-Genk, M.S., H. Xue, and C. Murray, "Transient and Load-Following Characteristics of a Fully Integrated Single-Cell Thermionic Fuel Element," J. Nuclear Technology, 102(2), 145-166, 1993.
El-Genk, M.S., V. Kaibyshev, and C. Murray, "Preliminary Performance Results of the Cs-Ba Tacitron Inverter," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 40(7), 1335-1339, 1993.
Murray, C.S., M.S. El-Genk, B. Wernsman, V.Z. Kaibyshev, "A Steady-State Model for a Low-Pressure Cs-Ba Diode," J. Applied Physics, 74(1), 68-76, 1993.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "Comparison of a TOPAZ-II Model with Experimental Data from the V-71 Unit Tests," Proc. 11th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.301(2), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 9-13, 1994, 829-843.
Murray, C., M.S. El-Genk, and V. Kaibyshev, "Steady-State Model of a Low Cs Pressure Discharge in a Triode," Proc. 11th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.301(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 9-13, 1994, 1233-1241.
El-Genk, M.S., D.V. Paramonov, and A.C. Marshall, "Startup Simulation of the TOPAZ-II Reactor System for Accident Conditions," Proc. 11th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.301(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 9-13, 1994, 1059-1068.
Luke, J.R. and M.S. El-Genk, "A Transient Model of a Cs-Ba Diode," Proc. 11th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.301(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 9-13, 1994, 1243-1249.
El-Genk, M.S. and D.V. Paramonov, "Development and Verification of a TOPAZ-II Electromagnetic Pump Model," Proc. 11th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.301(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 9-13, 1994, 303-317.
El-Genk, M.S. and H. Xue, "Simulation of Fission Heated Thermionic Fuel Elements using Uniform Electrical Heating," Proc. 11th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.301(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 9-13, 1994, 287-295.
El-Genk, M.S., B. Wernsman, and J. Luke, "Recent Advances in Cs-Ba Tacitron Technology," Proc. 21st International Power Modulation Symposium, Costa Mesa, CA, June 18-30, 1994, 244-247.
Wernsman, B. and M.S. El-Genk, "Modulation Capabilities of Different Grid Designs for a Cs-Ba Tacitron," Proc. 21st International Power Modulation Symposium, Costa Mesa, CA, June 28-30, 1994, 228-231.
Djachiachvili, I. and M. El-Genk, "Investigation of Triangular Aperture Grid for Plasma Switch Devices," Proc. 21st International Power Modulation Symposium, Costa Mesa, CA, June 28-30, 1994, 260-263.
El-Genk, M.S. and D.V. Paramonov, "An Analysis of Disassembling Radial Reflector of a Thermionic Space Nuclear Reactor Power System," J. Nuclear Safety, 35(1), 74-85, 1994.
El-Genk, M.S. and D.V. Paramonov, "An Integrated Model of the TOPAZ-II Electromagnetic Pump," J. Nuclear Technology, 108(2), 171-180, 1994.
El-Genk, M.S. and H. Xue, "Two-Dimensional Steady-State and Transient Analyses of Single-Cell Thermionic Fuel Elements," J. Nuclear Technology, 108, 112-125, 1994.
El-Genk, M.S., H. Xue, and D. Paramonov, "Transient Analysis and Startup of a Thermionic Space Nuclear Reactor System," J. Nuclear Technology, 105(1), 70-86, 1994.
Paramonov, D. V. and M. S. El-Genk, "Development and Comparison of a TOPAZ-II System Model with Experimental Data," J. Nuclear Technology, 108, No. 2, 1994, 157 - 170. (Refereed Article)
Wernsman, B., M.S. El-Genk, and V.Z. Kaibyshev, "Experimental Investigation and Analysis of the Operation Characteristics of a Planar Cs-Ba Tacitron," Review of Scientific Instruments, 65(11), 3449-3454, 1994.
El-Genk, M. S., D. Paramonov, and A. C. Marshall, "Start Up Simulation of the TOPAZ-II Reactor System for Normal and Accident Conditions," Proc. 11th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP Conference Proceedings No. 301, American Institute of Physics, New York, NY, 3, 1994, 1059 - 1068. (Proceedings Article)
Wernsman, B. and M.S. El-Genk, "Effect of Grid Design on Cs-Ba Tacitron Operation and its Application to Space Nuclear Power Systems," Proc. 12th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.324(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 8-12, 1995, 101-110.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "A Detailed Thermal-Hydraulic Model of the TOPAZ-II Radiator," Proc. 12th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.324(2), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 8-12, 1995, 485-493.
El-Genk, M.S., D.V. Paramonov, B.G. Ogloblin, D. Shumov, "A TOPAZ-II Bimodal Design Assessment Study and System Analysis," Proc. 12th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.324(2), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 8-12, 1995, 827-836.
Luke, J.R. and M.S. El-Genk, "Experimental Investigation of a Cs-Ba Diode using Langmuir Probes," Proc. 12th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP No.324(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 8-12, 1995, 111-116.
Luke, J.R. and M.S. El-Genk, "Low-pressure Cs-Ba Discharge: I. Model Development," J. Applied Physics, 78(6), 3643-3649, 1995.
Luke, J.R. and M.S. El-Genk, "Low-pressure Cs-Ba Discharge: II. Probe Measurements," J. Applied Physics, 78(6), 3650-3658, 1995.
Wernsman , B. and M. S. El-Genk, "Effect of Grid Design on Cs- Ba Tacitron Operation and Its Application to Space Nuclear Power Systems," Proc. 12th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP Conference Proceedings No. 324, American Institute of Physics, NY, 1, 1995, 101 - 110. (Proceedings Article)
Wernsman, B. and M.S. El-Genk, "Experimental Investigation of Current Modulation in a Planar Cs-Ba Tacitron," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 23(2), 196-203, 1995.
El-Genk, M. S., D. V. Paramonov, H. Xue, B. G. Ogloblin and D. P. Shumov, " A Topaz-II Bimodal Design Assessment Study and System Analysis," Proc. 12th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, AIP Conference Proceedings No. 324, American Institute of Physics, NY, 2, 1995, 827 - 836. (Proceedings Article)
Wernsman, B. and M.S. El-Genk, "Plasma Characteristics during "Slow Quenching" of a Cs-Ba Tacitron," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-96), AIP No.361(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 7-11, 1996, 1339-1348.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "Performance Analysis and an Assessment of Operational Issues of Ya-21U," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-96), AIP No.361(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 7-11, 1996, 1267-1278.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "An Analysis of Ya-21U Thermionic Fuel Elements Test Results," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-96), AIP No.361(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 7-11, 1996, 1395-1400.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "Analysis of Emitter Material Transport in Thermionic Converter," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-96), AIP No.361(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 7-11, 1996, 1137-1148.
Luke, J.R. and M.S. El-Genk, "Steady-State Langmuir Probe Measurements in a Cs-Ba Tacitron," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-96), AIP No.361(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 7-11, 1996, 1349-1354.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "Effect of Oxygen on Performance and Mass Transport in a Single-Cell Thermionic Fuel Element," Proc. 31st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Confernece, Washington, D.C., Aug. 11-16, 1996.
Paramonov , D. V. and M. S. El-Genk, " Effect of Oxygen on Performance and Mass Transport in a Single Cell Thermionic Fuel Elements," Proc. 31st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Omni Shoreham Hotel, Washington D.C., 11 - 16 August 1996. (Proceedings Article)
Luke, J.R. and M.S. El-Genk, "Langmuir Probe Measurements of Discharge Parameters in a Cs-Ba Tacitron," J. Applied Physics, 79(11), 8247-8252, 1996.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "Analysis of Ya-21U Thermionic Fuel Elements," J. Nuclear Technology, 116(3), 261-269, 1996.
Wernsman, B. and M.S. El-Genk, "Discharge Model of the Grid-Collector Region During "Slow Quenching" of a Cs-Ba Tacitron: Preliminary Results," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97), AIP No.387(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 26-30, 1997, 1609-1612.
Wernsman, B. and M.S. El-Genk, "Influence of Thick, Low Transparency, Circular Holed Grid on 'Slow Quenching' of a Cs-Ba Tacitron," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97), AIP No.387(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 26-30, 1997, 1599-1607.
Paramonov, D. and M.S. El-Genk, "Simulation of Fission Heated Single-Cell Thermionic Fuel Elements in Presence of Oxygen Using Uniform Electric Heating," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97), AIP No.387(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 26-30, 1997, 1521-1529.
Luke, J.R., M.S. El-Genk, and J. Adrian, "Experimental Investigation of a Thermionic Converter with Developed Surface Electrodes," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97), AIP No.387(3), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 26-30, 1997, 1531-1536.
Luke, J, M. S. E-Genk, and J. Adrian, Experimental Investigation of an Enhanced Thermionic Converter,” Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97), AIP Conference Proceedings No.387, American Institute of Physics, NY, 3, 1997, 1531 - 1536. (Proceedings Article)
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "A Review of Cesium Thermionic Converters with Developed Emitter Surfaces," J. Energy Conversion and Management, 38(6), 533-549, 1997.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "Effect of Oxygen on the Operation of a Planar Thermionic Converter for Isothermal and Isoflux Heating Conditions," J. Energy Conversion and Management, 38(6), 533-549, 1997.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "Test Results of Ya-21U Thermionic Space Power System," J. Nuclear Technology, 117(1), 1-14, 1997.
Wernsman, B. and M.S. El-Genk, "Extinguishing by "Slow Quenching" in a Thick Grid Cs-Ba Tacitron," J. Applied Physics, 81(1), 50-57, 1997.
El-Genk, M.S. and Y. Momozaki, "Performance Evaluation of a Thermionic Converter with a Macro-Grooved Emitter and a Smooth Collector," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98), AIP No.420(1), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 25-29, 1998, 308-316.
Paramonov, D.V. and M.S. El-Genk, "Effect of Oxygen on the Operation of a Single-Cell Thermionic Fuel Element in Presence of Oxygen," J. Nuclear Materials, 256, 218-228, 1998.
Luke, J.R. and M.S. El-Genk, "Grid Design and Placement in a Cs-Ba Tacitron," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-99), AIP No.458(2), Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 31- Feb 4, 1999, 1597-1602.
El-Genk, M.S. and D.V. Paramonov, "Thermionic Conversion," Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 22, 49-67, 1999.
El-Genk, M.S. and J. Luke, "Performance Comparison of Thermionic Converters with Smooth and Micro-Grooved Electrodes," J. Energy Conversion and Management, 40, 319-334, 1999.
Momozaki , Y. and M. S. El-Genk, “A Thermionic Converter with a Planar, Macro-Grooved Emitter and 0.5 mm Gap,” Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-99), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 458, American Institute of Physics, NY, VOL. 2, 1999, 1519 - 1525. (Proceedings Article)
Momozaki, Y. and M.S. El-Genk, "Experimental Investigation of a Thermionic Converter with Molybdenum Electrodes for Low Temperature Applications," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2001), AIP No.552, Albuquerque, NM, Feb. 11-14, 2001, 1142-1151.
El-Genk, M. S. and H. H. Saber, “Predictions of Segmented Thermoelectric Unicouples Performance at Hot Temperatures < 873 K and Cold Temperature of 298 K,” 2002 Proceedings, Twenty-First International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2002, 408 - 411. (Proceedings Article)
El-Genk, M.S. and Y. Momozaki, "An Experimental Investigation of the Performance of a Thermionic Converter with Planar Molybdenum Electrodes for Low Temperature Applications," J. Energy Conversion and Management, 43, 911-936, 2002.
Momozaki, Y. and M.S. El-Genk, "Dissociative Recombination Coefficient for Low Temperature Equilibrium Cesium Plasma," J. Applied Physics,92(2), 690-697, 2002.
Momozaki, Y. and M.S. El-Genk, "Effects of Collector Temperature on the Performance of Grooved Electrode Thermionic Converters," Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003), AIP No. 654, Albuquerque, NM, February 2-5, 2003, 757-765.
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