Arleyn W. Simon
Roosevelt Platform Mound Study, Office of Cultural Resource Management,
Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
85287
and
John C. Ravesloot
Cultural Resource Management Program, Gila River Indian Community,
Sacaton,
AZ 85247
Archaeologists have often interpreted ceramic vessel accompaniments
in burials as indicators of personal wealth or the social status
of the deceased. However, alternative interpretations that are
related to the gender and age of the individual may better explain
the patterns of vessel placement. Ceramic vessel accompaniments
recovered during the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study are used to
examine gender roles among the prehistoric Salado of central Arizona.
Patterns of vessel placement within Salado burials, as identified
by compositional groups, have implications for the roles of individuals
within the larger context of social relationships that comprised
the prehistoric community.
TRACKING ZUNI GENDER AND LEADERSHIP ROLES ACROSS THE CONTACT
PERIOD
Todd L. Howell
Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
85287
Mortuary data from the ancestral Zuni village of Hawikku, which
spans both the prehistoric and historic periods, are used to examine
temporal changes in gender-specific leadership positions. A cross-cultural
model linking changes in gender roles to contact with Spanish
and Athapaskan groups is presented and tested with the Hawikku
data. The contact model suggests that European influences often
undermine traditional female authority; Spanish and Athapaskan
intrusions should make warfare and village defense the primary
responsibilities of male leaders. Arguments linking leadership
to diversity in grave furnishings, body preparations, and grave
construction are presented, and male and female leaders are identified.
Temporal changes in gender-specific leadership roles support the
contact model.
GENDER AND THE REORGANIZATION OF HISTORIC ZUNI CRAFT PRODUCTION:
IMPLICATIONS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION
Barbara J. Mills
Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
85721
Over the past century, there has been a dramatic reorganization
of craft Production at Zuni Pueblo, including a change from a
gender-specific economic system to one in which gender is less
of an organizational principle. Concurrently changes in learning
contexts, resource acquisition, labor scheduling, production scale,
product demand, and, ultimately, the finished products have occurred.
The interrelationships among these variables are discussed, and
the reorganization of production is placed within the context
of broader changes in Zuni ecology and political economy. Archaeological
implications drawn from the historic Zuni case study include:
(1) the diversity of products and production scales that may co-occur
within a gender-specific economic system; (2) the material correlates
of changes in gendered systems of production; and (3) the interrelationships
of changes in nonsubsistence and subsistence production.
THE ORIGINS OF SOUTHWESTERN CERAMIC CONTAINERS: WOMEN'S TIME
ALLOCATION AND ECONOMIC INTENSIFICATION
Patricia L. Crown and W.H. Wills
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,
N.M. 87131
In the Greater American Southwest, ceramic containers were not
manufactured until A.D. 1, as much as fifteen hundred years after
the appearance of the first cultigens and eight hundred years
after the appearance of the first ceramic figurines. A mode for
pottery origins developed by James A. Brown is tested using Southwestern
data. Pottery containers were produced in conjunction with increasing
sedentism and a greater dependence on cultivated foods. Production
of ceramic containers increased women's workloads and created
scheduling conflicts with subsistence pursuits. Southwestern women
began producing pottery when changing social and economic conditions
made the increased costs of ceramic manufacture acceptable. Changes
in processing and storage technology involving the use of ceramic
vessels increased the yields from cultivated crops.
BOOK REVIEWS
Yanomamo, 4th ed. Napoleon Chagnon. New York: Holt, Rinehart
and
Winston, 1992, 248 pp. $15.75 (paper). Reviewed by Magdalena Hurtado,
University of New Mexico.
Beyond the Natural Body: An Archaeology of Sex Hormones. Nelly
Oudshoorn. London: Routledge, 1995, 195pp., $16.95 (paper). Reviewed by
Susan Brandt Graham, Albuquerque, NM.
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