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LOCAL-LEVEL RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION IN NORTHWESTERN MEXICO
Maria L. Cruz-Torres
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside, CA
92521-0418
Environmental degradation in Mexico has had many forms and levels of
intensity. An analysis of the
sources of environmental degradation in coastal northwestern Mexico
reveals that current neoliberal
policies, which continue to support the production of agricultural
and fishing commodities for export,
are potentially responsible for this degradation. A focus on
two rural communities in coastal southern
Sinaloa demonstrates that households, and particularly the women within
them, have developed
creative mechanisms to cope on a daily basis with the poverty that
has resulted from economic crises
and the degradation of the surrounding area.
FROM "READING OVER THE SHOULDERS OF
NATIVES" TO "READING ALONGSIDE NATIVES,"
LITERALLY: TOWARD A COLLABORATIVE AND
RECIPROCAL ETHNOGRAPHY
Luke Eric Lassiter
Department of Anthropology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306
In the last several decades, the metaphor of dialogue has influenced
the work of a growing number of ethnographers. Many have taken to
heart the critiques of those such as Clifford, Rosaldo, and
Crapanzano and accordingly replaced "reading over the shoulder of natives"
with "reading alongside
natives." They have thus sought to develop ethnography along
dialogical lines and have in their
individual accounts shifted the dominant style of writing from authoritative
monologue to involved
dialogue between ethnographer and interlocutor. Few ethnographers,
however, have sought to
literally extend the metaphor of dialogue to its next logical step
-- the collaborative reading and
interpretation (between the ethnographer and his or her "informants")
of the very ethnographic text
itself. In this article I explore the political and ethical implications
of a collaborative and reciprocal
ethnography, especially how a collaborative practice can further narrow
the gap between the
academy and the communities in which ethnographers work.
BIDAYUH HOUSEWIVES IN A CHANGING WORLD
(SARAWAK, MALAYSIA)
Hew Cheng Sim
Faculty of Social Sciences, University Malaysia Sarawak,
94300 Kota Samarahana, Sarawak, Malaysia
This article is based on a larger ethnographic study of Bidayuh women,
a group of minority
indigenous women in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. The women
interviewed were first-generation
wage workers who had migrated from villages to the capital city of
Kuching for work in the personal
services sector. This article focuses on women who have since
withdrawn from the labor market as
a result of marriage and children. It discusses why the women
left the workforce and asks whether it
was a consequence of adopting the old Western bourgeois family ideal
of male breadwinner and
female housewife. The experiences of this new generation of urban
housewives are also explored
and juxtaposed with the experiences of women of their mothers' generation
in the rural farming
economy.
INKA CONICAL CLAN
David Jenkins
Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ 85721
The structure of the Inka ayllu has long been a subject of historical
and anthropological investigation.
In a relatively neglected work, Paul Kirchhoff describes the ayllu
as a conical clan. My purpose is to
show that the recently introduced graph theoretic model of the conical
clan, called a "depth first
search tree," clarifies the underlying structure of Inka kinship relations,
in particular the elements of
Inka kinship concerned with the ranking of ayllu members. An
explicit formal model of the Inka
conical clan, in turn, provides the basis for a comparative study of
kinship systems of social groups
subject to Inka rule.
ACROSS THE FOREST AND SAVANNAS: LATER
STONE AGE ASSEMBLAGES FROM ITURI AND
SEMLIKI, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Julio Mercador and Alison Brooks
Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington,
D.C. 20052
This article characterizes Later Stone Age quartz industries from several
sites in the rainforests and
woodland-savanna mosaics of the northeastern Democratic Republic of
Congo, with an emphasis on
various reduction strategies that include simple debitage, bipolar
percussion, discoidal centripetal
percussion, Modes 4 and 5, pebble tools, flaws propagation, and formal
tools. Comparisons
between forest and woodland-savanna sites establish strong similarities
among them over time,
determine deliberate cultural choices as to raw material selection
and overall reduction strategies,
provide further evidence for an early inception of the Later Stone
Age across tropical Africa, and
show that ecologically distinct or highly specialized extractive technologies
were not required to settle
rainforests.
BOOK REVIEWS
Life among the Yanomami: The Story of Change among the Xilixana on
the Mucajai River in Brazil. John F. Peters. Petersborough,
Ont.: Broadview Press, 1998, 148 pp. $15.95, paper.
and
The Xilixana Yanomami of the Amazon: History, Social Structure and
Population Dynamics. John D. Early and John F. Peters.
Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 2000, 323 pp. $49.95, cloth.
Reviewed by Kim Hill, University of New Mexico
Shaping Society through Dance: Mestizo Performance in the Peruvian
Andes. Zoila S. Mendoza. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2000, 264 pp., 32 halftones, 1 map, 1 CD. $29.00, paper; $54.00,
cloth; $50.00, video.
Reviewed by Jill D. Sweet, Skidmore College
Native American Art: The Collections of the Ethnological Museum Berlin.
Peter
Bolz and Hans-Ulrich Sanner. Berlin: Staaliche Museen zu Berlin-Preussischer
Kulturbesitz, 1999, 240 pp. No price given. Seattle: University
of Washington Press, 2000, 240 pp. $40.00, paper.
Reviewed by Joyce M. Szabo, University of New Mexico.
The Seam Line: Arab Workers and Jewish Managers in the Israeli Textile
Industry. Israel Drori. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University
Press, 2000, vi + 278 pp. $18.95, paper; $49.50, cloth.
Reviewed by E. Paul Durrenberger, Pennsylvania State University
Leadership Strategies, Economic Activity, and Interregional Interaction:
Social Complexity in Northeast China. Gideon Shelach.
New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999, xii + 280 pp., maps,
illustrations. $69.95, cloth.
Reviewed by Yun Kuen Lee, Harvard University
Culture in Practice: Selected Essays. Marshall Sahlins.
New York: Zone Books, 2000, 646 pp. $35.00, cloth.
Reviewed by Philip K. Bock, University of New Mexico
Anthropological Theory Today. Henrietta L. Moore,
ed. Cambridge, Eng.: Polity Press, 1999, 304 pp. $28.95, paper; $62.95,
cloth.
Reviewed by Herbert S, Lewis, University of Wisconsin-Madison
The Historical Archaeology of Buenos Aires: A City at the End of
the World. Daniel Schavelzon. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publishers, 2000, 187 pp. $72.00, cloth.
Reviewed by Nan A. Rothschild, Barnard College, Columbia University
Archaeology and the Social History of Ships. Richard A. Gould.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000, 360 pp. $29.95, paper;
$74.95, cloth..
Reviewed by George F. Bass, Institute of Nautical Archaeology, Texas
A & M University
On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific
Islands before European Contact.
Patrick Vinton Kirch. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2000, 446 pp., 162 figures, 15 maps, 13
tables. $45.00, cloth.
Reviewed by John Edward Terrell, Field Museum of Natural History
The Daily Life of the Greek Gods. Giulia Sissa and Marcel
Detienne, trans. by Janet Lloyd. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford
University Press, 2000, 287 pp. $17.95, paper; $49.50,cloth.
Reviewed by Monica S. Cyrino, University of New Mexico
Social Transformations in Archaeology: Global and Local Perspectives.
Kristian Kristainsen and Michael Rowlands. New York: Routledge,
1998, 438 pp. $110.00, cloth.
Reviewed by Katina Lillios: Ripon College
Applying Evolutionary Archaeology: A Systematic Approach.
Michael J. O'Brien and R. Lee Lyman. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publishers, 2000, 471 pp. $125.00, cloth; $49.50, paper.
Reviewed by Janet Rafferty, Mississippi State University
Pottery and Chronology at Angel. Sherri L. Hilgeman.
Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2000, 312 pp., 137 illustrations.
$29.95, paper.
Reviewed by James A. Brown, Northwestern University
Sedentism and Mobility in a Social Landscape: Mesa Verde and Beyond.
Mard D. Varien. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1999, 296
pp., 35 illustrations. $40.00, cloth.
Reviewed by Thomas Rocek, University of Delaware
The Breakout: The Origins of Civilization. Martha Lamberg-Karlovsky,
ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
Publications, 2000, 131 pp. $25.00, paper.
Reviewed by Garth Bawden, University of New Mexico
The Archaeology Education Handbook: Sharing the Past with Kids.
Karolyn Smardz and Shelley J. Smith, eds. Walnut Creek, Calif.:
AltaMira Press, 2000, 448 pp. $34.95, paper.
Reviewed by Patricia C. Rice, West Virginia University
Folsom Lithic Technology: Explorations in Structure and Variation.
Daniel
S. Amick, ed. Ann Arbor, Mich.: International Monographs in Prehistory,
Archaeological Series 12, 1999, 213 pp. $35.00, paper; $65.00, cloth.
Reviewed by Bruce B. Huckell, University of New Mexico
Aurignacian Lithic Economy: Ecological Perspectives from Southwestern
France. Brooke S. Blades. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publishers, 2000, xviii + 208 pp. $57.50, cloth.
Reviewed by Lawrence Guy Straus, University of New Mexico
Paleolithic Living Sites in Upper and Middle Egypt. Pierre
M. Vermeersch, ed. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 2000,
330 pp. 1250 Belgian francs/30.09 euros, paper.
Reviewed by Lawrence Guy Straus, University of New Mexico |