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The Founder: Remembering Leslie SpierJohn Martin Campbell IF EVER A MAN LOOKED LIKE A COLLEGE PROFESSOR OUGHT TO LOOK, it was Professor Leslie Spier. He was tweedy. As we knew him in the early 1950s,2 when he was in his early sixties (he was born in 1893) and was teaching one semester a year in the Department of Anthropology at the University of New Mexico, he dressed in tailored tweed suits, dark shirts, subdued ties, and brown shoes. A man of slim, medium- short stature, he wore a pencil-line moustache, smoked a pipe, and had a nearly military way of standing and walking. The only somewhat odd thing he wore was a brown felt hat with a wide, flat brim and indented crown, much like an army campaign hat or the style worn by U.S. National Park Service rangers. As for the hat, he once said, “Everyone is entitled to one eccentricity, and this is mine." (continued) The Successors: Harry Basehart, Stanley Newman, James Spuhler & Philip BockPhilip K. Bock WALKING DOWN THE HALL IN THE UNM ANTHROPOLOGY BUILDING in the 1960s or early 1970s, you could follow the smell of pipe tobacco to an open door. There you would see Harry Basehart and Stanley Newman huddled over a manuscript or a set of galley proofs for the Southwestern Journal of Anthropology (SWJA), predecessor of the Journal of Anthropological Research. Those days were long before the digital revolution, and most of the work preparing manuscripts for publication was done by hand with blue pencil, plus huge amounts of correspondence (“snail mail”) between editors and authors. Even page proofs were rare, so Harry and Stanley would correct copy the old-fashioned way, one reading the proof and the other checking it against the edited manuscript, inserting instructions to the printers for placements of figures, footnotes, and bibliography. It was exhausting, meticulous work, for both men were still teaching a full load of varied courses. Of course, there was no “extra compensation” for their labor of love. (continued) The Last Wall To Fall:The Anthropology of Collective Action and Unions in the Global SystemE. Paul Durrenberger To show relationships among states, class structures, global process, and locales, I situate the ethnography of Southeast Asia in global events, sketch collective action theory, indicate how it pertains to labor unions in the U.S., and discuss how they were shaped by corporate violence, a corporate cultural revolution, and corporate legislative campaigns. I suggest that the fight to free the “Charleston 5” longshoremen is an example of labor solidarity in the global system and indicate that dockers have built the last wall against neoliberal global markets. I finish with an assessment of the potential for the U.S. labor movement to become a social movement in service of class struggle and end with some comments about both the disheartening role and the potential of the American Anthropological Association in the labor struggle. I add a note to suggest that collective action is an artifact of our evolution and that it is not collective action that needs to be explained so much as departures from it. Blood and Ink: Treatment Practices of Traditional Palestinian Women Healers in IsraelAriela Popper-Giveon This article addresses the treatment practices of traditional Palestinian women healers in Israel. It begins with a presentation of the treatment practices utilized by women healers and continues with a description of the changes such practices are currently undergoing. The research indicates that some women healers—in particular, those residing in mixed Jewish-Arab cities in the country’s center—are slowly adopting treatment practices identified as masculine: they are abandoning the treatment of problems attributed to natural causes and taking up the treatment of problems attributed to supernatural causes, incorporating treatment practices of a magical or even a religious nature. These tendencies reflect their desire to attain the power and prestige ascribed to their male counterparts. Thus, in this community, the boundaries between feminine and masculine traditional healing, as well as the polarization between the little tradition and the great tradition (sensu Redfield) are not clear-cut, binary, or occurring in a vacuum, but rather contextual, dynamic, hazy, and elusive. Long-Term (Secular) Change of Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Useful Plants: Separating Cohort and Age EffectsRicardo Godoy Victoria Reyes-García James Broesch Ian C. Fitzpatrick Peter Giovannini María Ruth Martínez Rodríguez Tomás Huanca William R. Leonard and Thomas W. McDade Susan Tanner Anthropologists, conservation biologists, and psychologists have generally found a long-term (secular) decline of ethnobotanical knowledge among indigenous people. To estimate such knowledge loss, researchers have typically relied on a single cross-sectional data set to (a) measure knowledge among people of different ages, (b) compare measures between ages, and (c) infer a loss of knowledge if the old knew more than the young. We improve on the approach by simultaneously controlling for cohort effects and age effects—the first refers to the effect of the birth period and the second refers to the effect of the life cycle (or aging). Failure to simultaneously control for both effects may produce the misleading impression that the old know more than the young, and the conclusion that the difference reflects a secular loss of knowledge when in fact it may reflect different positions in the life cycle. We use data collected during 2005 from a native Amazonian society of foragers-farmers in Bolivia (Tsimane’) to estimate secular changes in knowledge. Participants included 269 women and 287 men (age ≥20) born 1920–1985. We equate knowledge with theoretical knowledge of useful plants and use cultural consensus to measure knowledge. Multiple regressions were used with knowledge as an outcome and age, birth decade, schooling, and sex as explanatory variables. We find no significant secular change in knowledge in the main analysis, but results were sensitive to (a) the definition and domain of ethnobotanical knowledge and (b) the sample. In the sensitivity analysis we find evidence of a secular increase in knowledge, consistent with the view that knowledge is dynamic and changes. Exploitation of the Montane Zone of Cantabrian Spain During the Late Glacial: Faunal Evidence from El Mirón Caveby Ana Belén Marín Arroyo KEY WORDS: Cantabrian Spain; El Mirón Cave; Faunal remains; Late Glacial; Seasonality; Settlement pattern Book ReviewsReview Essay by Salikoko S. Mufwene: Creolization: History, Ethnography, Theory, by Charles Stewart Bernard Bate: Language, Culture, and Society: Key Topics in Linguistic Anthropology, Christine Jourdan and Kevin Tuite, eds. R. Lee Lyman: Artifact Classification: A Conceptual and Methodological Approach, by Dwight W. Read R. Lee Lyman: People and Things: A Behavioral Approach to Material Culture, by James M. Skibo and Michael Brian Schiffer David Colin Crass: Archaeology and the Media, Timothy Clack and Marcus Brittain, eds. Christina T. Halperin: Archaeology and Capitalism: From Ethics to Politics, Yannis Hamilakis and Philip Duke, eds. James H. Burton: Archaeological Chemistry, second ed., by Zvi Goffer Lawrence G. Straus: La Peña de Estebanvela (Estebanvela-Ayllón, Segovia): Grupos Magdalenienses en el Sur del Duero, Carmen Cacho Quesada, Sergio Ripoll López, and Francisco Muñoz Ibáñez, eds. Lawrence G. Straus: Le Site Magdalénien de Monruz 2: Etude des Foyers à Partir de l’Analyse des Pierres et de leurs Remontages, by Nicole Plumettaz, with contributions by Denise Leesch and Julia Wattez David Helgren: The World System and the Earth System: Global Socio- Environmental Change and Sustainability since the Neolithic, Alf Hornborg and Carole L. Crumley, eds. Alan H. Simmons: Civilizing Climate: Social Responses to Climate Change in the Ancient Near East, by Arlene Miller Rosen Bryan K. Hanks: The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia, by Philip L. Kohl Katina T. Lillios: Land, Power, and Prestige: Bronze Age Field Systems in Southern England, by David Thomas Yates Anne Draffkorn Kilmer: Ancient Board Games in Perspective, I. L. Finkel, ed. Philip J. Arnold III: The Political Economy of Ancient Mesoamerica: Transformations during the Formative and Classic Periods, Vernon L. Scarborough and John E. Clark, eds. Anna C. Roosevelt: Nukak: Ethnoarchaeology of an Amazonian People, by Gustavo G. Politis Steven R. Simms: Paleoindian or Paleoarchaic? Great Basin Human Ecology at thePleistocene-Holocene Transition, by Kelly E. Graf and Dave N. Schmitt, eds. Bruce B. Huckell: The Allen Site, A Paleoindian Camp in Southwestern Nebraska, Douglas B. Bamforth, ed. Thomas C. Windes: The Chaco Experience, by Ruth Van Dyke Eric Blinman: New Perspectives on Pottery Mound Pueblo, Polly Schaafsma, ed. Barbara J. Mills: Josephine Foard and the Glazed Pottery of Laguna Pueblo, by Dwight P. Lanmon, Lorraine Welling Lanmon, and Dominique Coulet du Gard David Dinwoodie: Athapaskan Migrations: The Archaeology of Eagle Lake, British Columbia, by R. G. Matson and Martin P. R. Magne Kathleen R. Gibson: The Evolution of Mind: Fundamental Questions and Controversies, Steven Gangestad and Jeffry A. Simpson, eds. John Edward Terrell: Biology Unmoored: Melanesian Reflections on Life and Biotechnology, by Sandra Bamford Maureen Trudell Schwarz: Weaving Women’s Lives: Three Generations in a Navajo Family, by Louise Lamphere with Eva Price, Carole Cadman, and Valerie Darwin Adriana Greci Green: Mediating Knowledges: Origins of a Zuni Tribal Museum, by Gwyneira Isaac Denis Foley: Iroquois Journey: An Anthropologist Remembers, by William Nelson Fenton. Jack Campisi and William A. Starna, eds. Shelby J. Tisdale: Casino and Museum: Representing Mashantucket Pequot Identity, by John J. Bodinger de Uriarte Nan A. Rothschild: Crossroads and Cosmologies: Diasporas and Ethnogenesis in the New World, by Christopher C. Fennell Peter G. Roe: Taíno Indian Myth and Practice: The Arrival of the Stranger King, by William F. Keegan Neil L. Whitehead: Violence in the City of Women: Police and Batterers in Bahia, Brazil, by Sarah J. Hautzinger Michelle Wibbelsman: La Chulla Vida: Gender, Migration, and the Family in Andean Ecuador and New York City, by Jason Pribilsky Aisha Khan: American Karma: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Indian Diaspora, by Sunil Bhatia Nobuhiro Kishigami: Soul Hunters: Hunting, Animism, and Personhood among the Siberian Yukaghirs, by Rane Willerslev Michael Herzfeld: Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary, by Veena Das Raminder Kaur: Gods in the Bazaar: The Economies of Indian Calendar Art, by Kajri Jain Stephen D. Glazier: The Black Madonna in Latin America and Europe: Tradition and Transformation, by Ma?gorzata Oleszkiewicz-Peralba |
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