- Division of
labor
high degree of specialization
each
unit carries out only one task
many
subunits
- Hierarchical distribution of
authority
chain of command
people "above"
give orders
efficient way to coordination
- An
ever-present system of rules, regulations
- Workers are rewarded
for following rules
rewards for bureaucratic
competence
punishment for
non-compliance
- Rule-following becomes an end in
itself
- Emphasis on maintaining records
keeping
an adequate "memory"
produces red tape, paper
blizzards
- Impersonal and formal
relationships
credentials for hiring (not
charisma)
merit for promotion
- Bureaucratic
positions cannot be sold, bought, inherited
- People desire
upward mobility
- Successful bureaucrats rarely
part-time.