Part A: Authors and Their Works An Annotated Listing of Criticism ACHEBE, CHINUA (1930- ) A1 COTT, JONATHAN. "Chinua Achebe: At the Crossroads." In Pipers, pp. 161-92. (Also in Parabola 6, no. 2 [Spring 1981]:30-39.) Relates the themes and concerns of Achebe's works for adults to African storytelling tradition and to his four works for children, Chike and the River, "The Flute," The Drum, and How the Leopard Got His Claws. Includes an interview with Achebe about his work. A2 MILLER, JAMES. "The Novelist as Teacher: Chinua Achebe's Litera ture for Children." Children's Literature 9 (1981): 7-18. Discusses Chike and the River and How the Leopard Got His Claws in terms of Achebe's developing concerns as a teacher. A3 WELCHEL, MARIANNE. "Achebe's `The Flute.'" In Butler, Sharing, pp. 248-51. Discusses Achebe's approach to folklore, particularly for children. Based partly on an interview Welchel conducted with Achebe in April 1976. ADAMS, ADRIENNE (1906- ) A4 SADOWSKI, ELOISE N. "Glimpses of an Artist: Adrienne Adams." EE 51 (October 1974):933-39. Discusses Adams's background and offers insights into techniques of book illustration. Includes a bibliography of books she has illustrated. A5 WAUGH, DOROTHY. "Adrienne Adams, Illustrator of Children's Books." American Artist 29 (November 1965):54-59, 74-75. Concentrates on Adams's technique. ADAMS, RICHARD (1920- ) A6 ADAMS, RICHARD. "Some Ingredients of Watership Down." In Blishen, Thorny Paradise, pp. 163-73. Discusses briefly a number of writers and books that have influ enced his own work. A7 ANDERSON, CELIA CATLETT. "Troy, Carthage, and Watership Down." ChLAQ 8, no. 1 (Spring 1983):12-13. Finds resemblances in Watership Down to the Aeneid and, to a lesser extent, the Iliad. A8 FRITZ, JEAN. "An Evening with Richard Adams." CLE, n.s. 9, no. 2 (Summer 1978):67-72. An acclaimed biographer provides insights into the personality and work of an acclaimed fantasist. A9 GREEN, TIMOTHY. "Richard Adams' Long Journey from Watership Down." Smithsonian 10, no. 4 (July 1979):76-83. Discusses Adams's life, his writing, and his motivating concerns in this beautifully photographed account of a visit to the writer at his home on the Isle of Man. A10 HAMMOND, GRAHAM. "Trouble with Rabbits." CLE, o.s., no. 12 (September 1973):48-63. Explores and analyzes Adams's successes and failures in Watership Down. Letter in response from Joyce Stranger, a biologist and children's writer, in CLE, o.s., no. 14 (1974):70-72. A11 INGLIS, FRED. Promise of Happiness, pp. 201-10. Sees Watership Down as a synthesis of "old heroics and new psychology," as "a way of learning to understand other cultures and modes of living things," and as an example of an effort to "maintain continuity across deep historical chasms. . . . A sprawling, immoder ate, unreflective book." A12 -----. "Spellbinding and Anthropology: The Work of Richard Adams and Ursula Le Guin." In Butts, Good Writers, pp. 114-28. Sees Adams in Watership Down and Le Guin in Wizard of Earth sea as coinciding "with the dissident impulse in old and new frames of thought to celebrate and to understand without disenchantment the creative powers of natural life in all its forms." A13 STONE, JAMES S. "The Rabbitness of Watership Down." English Quarterly 13, no. 1 (Spring 1980):37-46. Shows how "The fascination or enchantment of Watership Down stems from the way in which Richard Adams makes us enter the secondary world of the rabbits and experience it through their senses." A14 THOMAS, JANE RESH. "Old Worlds and New: Anti-Feminism in Watership Down." Horn Book 50 (August 1974):405-8. (Reprinted in Heins, Crosscurrents of Criticism, pp. 311-14.) "The males are superhuman and the females sub-human." Main tains that Adams reveals "an anti-feminism which deprives his female characters of the spiritual fruit of community." Letter in response in Horn Book 51 (February 1975):3, 93, from Jean Jordan. Jane Tho mas replies, p. 94. A15 WINTLE, JUSTIN, and FISHER, EMMA. Pied Pipers, pp. 32-46. Adams discusses his life and work in an interview. ADELBORG, OTTILIA (1855- ) A16 WERKMASTER, BARBRO. "Ottilia Adelborg: A Second Look at Her Role in Swedish Book Illustration." Phaedrus 9 (1982):11-16. Discusses the contribution of "Sweden's first important picture- book artist representative of a Swedish art nouveau style adapted for children in a personal way." ADKINS, JAN (1944- ) A17 BAGNALL, NORMA. "Profile: Jan Adkins." LA 57 (May 1980): 560-66. Adkins discusses his life, his philosophy of writing, and his views on children's literature in this interview. Includes an annotated bibliography of books by Adkins. AESOP (6th century B.C.) A18 ADAMS, F.B., Jr. "The Codex Pithoeanus of Phaedrus." Horn Book 41 (June 1965):260-66. A history of versions of Aesop's "Fox and Crow," occasioned by the acquisition and public display of the Codex by the Pierpont Morgan Library. A19 AESOP: Five Centuries of Illustrated Fables. Selected by John J. McKendry. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; distributed by New York Graphic Society, Greenwich, Conn., 1964, 95 pp. McKendry's introduction, pp. 5-10, provides a brief history of the fables, points out some of their salient characteristics, and traces the various styles and techniques that have been used to illustrate them. The main part of the book consists of reproductions of the illustrations, accompanied by contemporaneous texts. A20 MINER, ROBERT G., Jr. "Aesop as Litmus: The Acid Test of Chil dren's Literature." Children's Literature 1 (1972):9-15. Surveys versions of Aesop over the centuries and suggests that differences in versions may tell something about the times, cultures, and attitudes toward children of the societies that created them. A21 PERKINS, AGNES, ed. "Special Section: The Five Hundreth Anniver sary of Aesop in English." ChLAQ 9, no. 2 (Summer 1984):60-75. Includes an introduction by Agnes Perkins, pp. 60-62; "`Strange and Mervayllous Historyes': William Caxton, First English Printer," by Olivia Bottom, pp. 62-63, 72; "Tradition and the Individual Retel ling," by Barbara Mirel, pp. 63-66, which compares retellings of "The Fox and Crow," by Ruth Spriggs, Joseph Jacobs, Eve Rice, Randolph Caldecott, Eric Carle, and Jack Kent; "To Instruct and Amuse: Some Victorian Views of Aesop's Fables," by Anita C. Wilson, pp. 66-68; "Tolstoy's Fables: Tools for a Vision," by Kristin Lehman, pp. 68-70; "Fables and Illustrations," by Joan Bush, pp. 70-72, which reviews John McKendry's Aesop: Five Centuries of Illustrated Fables; "The Modern Fable: James Thurber's Social Criticisms," by Ruth A. Maharg, pp. 72-73, which compares and contrasts the fables of Aesop and Thurber; and "Fables into Picture Books," by Pat Pflieger, pp. 73-75, 80, an overview of numerous modern picture-book versions. (References have been accidentally placed on p. 70.) A22 PROVENZO, EUGENE FRANCIS, Jr. "Education and the Aesopic Tradition." Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University, 1976, 416 pp., ED 131 462. Describes the history and use of Aesop's fables as part of the Western pedagogical tradition, and to "demonstrate how the different uses of the fables by different cultures reflect specific social, political, and economic concerns of the societies from which they are drawn. A23 REINSTEIN, P. GILA. "Aesop and Grimm: Contrast in Ethical Codes and Contemporary Values." CLE, n.s. 14, no. (Spring 1983):44-53. Explores differences in origins, content, and reader response. The fables "teach self-preservation" and portray a realistic world, while the folktales present a more idealized world where "wickedness is punished, and virtue rewarded." A24 TAYLOR, MARY-AGNES. "The Literary Transformation of a Slug gard." Children's Literature 12 (1984):92-104. Traces the variants and various literary treatments of the fable of the grasshopper and the ant through the centuries, including John Ciardi's poem John J. Plenty and Fiddler Dan, and Leo Lionni's Frederick. AHLBERG, JANET (1944- ), and AHLBERG, ALLAN (1938- ) A25 CHAMBERS, AIDAN. "Letter from England: Two-in-One." Horn Book 58 (December 1982):686-90. Praises The Baby's Catalog especially. A26 NEUMARK, VICTORIA. "A Marriage of Words and Pictures." TES, 20 June 1980, pp. 42. The Ahlbergs discuss their work in an interview. AIKEN, JOAN (1924- ) A27 AERS, LESLEY. "Writers for Children--Joan Aiken." Use of English 22 (Summer 1971):336-44. (Reprinted as "Joan Aiken's Historical Fantasies," in Butts, Good Writers, with an updated postscript, pp. 12-23.) Traces Aiken's development in style and technique, including her use of fantasy, characterization, simplification, and exaggeration in The Wolves of Willoughby Chase, Black Hearts in Battersea, and Nightbirds on Nantucket. A28 AIKEN, JOAN. "Between Family and Fantasy: An Author's Perspec tives on Children's Books." Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress 29 (October 1972):308-26. (Reprinted in Haviland, Open hearted Audience, pp. 47-68.) Discusses books that have influenced her writing and her views on realism and fantasy. A29 -----. "Hope Is the Spur." Signal 45 (September 1984):146-51. Points out ways in which hope has been a spur in her own life and in the lives of some of her fictional characters such as Dido Twite, and Felix in Go Saddle the Sea and Bridle the Wind. A30 -----. "A Thread of Mystery." CLE, o.s., no. 2 (July 1970):30-47. (Reprinted as "Writing for Enjoyment," in Fox, Writers, Critics, and Children.) Discusses influences on Aiken's writing, her preoccupation with the mystery and the past, significant books in her life, and her own writings, especially The Wolves of Willoughby Chase and its sequels, Black Hearts in Battersea and Nightbirds on Nantucket, with their imaginary historical period. A31 CADOGAN, MARY, and CRAIG, PATRICIA. You're a Brick, pp. 357-60. Analyzes Aiken in terms of recent trends in children's books and links with the past, and discusses what she sees as successes and failures in the individual books. A32 CROUCH, MARCUS. The Nesbit Tradition, pp. 38-39. Although somewhat admiring, Crouch maintains that "Aiken lacks self discipline. Her stories gallop recklessly in all directions at once." A33 ELLIS, ALEC. "Joan Aiken." School Librarian 18 (June 1970): 147-51. Provides a good introduction to Aiken's work. "The well- documented narrative is gloriously shot through with fantasies both searing and side-splitting." A34 INGLIS, FRED. Promise of Happiness, pp. 295-303. Sees Midnight Is a Place as Dickensian and characterizes Aiken as a romantic. "She takes the traditional forms of popular Victorian drama and throws them into a new configuration," and she "has found the right language in which to tell the tale." A35 JONES, CORNELIA, and WAY, OLIVIA R. British Children's Authors, pp. 3-10. In an interview Aiken discusses her background, philosophy, and method of working. Includes an annotated bibliography of her works. A36 TOWNSEND, JOHN ROWE. "Joan Aiken." Signal 5 (May 1971):72-77. Earlier version of essay in a Sense of Story. A37 -----. Sense of Story, pp. 17-27. Comments on the Dickensian quality of Aiken's work, and calls her "one of the liveliest and most exuberant of today's writers for children." Works discussed include The Wolves of Willoughby Chase, Nightbirds on Nantucket, Black Hearts in Battersea, and The Whispering Mountain. A38 USREY, MALCOLM. "America's Gift to British Children: The Tall Tales of Joan Aiken." Proceedings of the Children's Literature Association 6 (1979):196-202. Finds similarities to traditional American tall tales with their mix of humor and solemnity and their outlandish and exaggerated plots in Aiken's Wolves of Willoughby Chase, Black Hearts in Battersea, and Nightbirds on Nantucket. A39 WINTLE, JUSTIN, and FISHER, EMMA. Pied Pipers, pp. 161-70. Aiken discusses her life and work in an interview. ALCOTT, LOUISA MAY (1832-88) A40 ALBERGHENE, JANICE M. "Alcott's Psyche and Kate: Self-Portraits, Sunny-Side Up." Proceedings of the Children's Literature Association. 8 (1981):37-43. Makes biographical links between Psyche in "Psyche's Art" (which is one of the three tales in the Three Proverbs), Kate in An Old-Fashioned Girl, and Alcott herself. A41 -----. "Austen and Alcott or Matriarchy: New Women or New Wives?" Novel 10 (Fall 1976):6-26. (Reprinted in Towards a Poetics of Fiction. Edited by Mark Spilka [Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1977], pp. 266-86.) Sees in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and Alcott's Little Women "the passage of a bevy of sisters from the collective colony of women presided over by their mother to the official authority of masculine protection." A42 AUERBACH, NINA. "Waiting Together: Two Families." In Commu nities of Women: An Idea in Fiction. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978, pp. 35-73. Compares the matriarchal families of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and Alcott's Little Women. A43 BACON, FRANCES A. "Life in the 60s as Reflected in the Alcott Books." EER 9 (November 1932):231-32, 244. Contains fascinating insights concerning the historical background of Alcott's books. A44 BLACKBURN, WILLIAM. "Moral Pap for the Young? A New Look at Louisa May Alcott's Little Men." Proceedings of the Children's Literature Association 7 (1980):98-106. Maintains that Little Men contains passages revealing depth and darkness behind the conventional morality, showing that Alcott was a true artist after all. A45 BRAGG, MELVYN. "Little Women." CLE, n.s. 9, no. 2 (Summer 1978):95-100. Identifies character as Alcott's chief concern. A46 BROPHY, BRIGID. "A Masterpiece, and Dreadful." NYTBR, 17 Janu ary 1965, Children's Book section pp. 1, 44. (Reprinted in Haviland, Children and Literature, pp. 66-70.) Describes Alcott's books as masterpieces of sentimentality. A47 BURROWS, ALVINA TREUT. "A Critical Study of Little Women." EE 37 (May 1960):285-92. Interprets the book as a biography of the Alcott family. Evaluates its style and technique, its combination of dialogue and action, and its universal themes, such as the conflict between idealism and materialism. A48 CARPENTER, HUMPHREY. "Louisa Alcott and the Happy Family." In Secret Gardens, pp. 86-99. In Alcott's work "we see clearly the questioning of parental authority which is hinted at by the English fantasy writers." Suggests the influence of Charlotte Yonge's The Daisy Chain on Little Women. Concludes that "Louisa Alcott had set out to be subversive, to describe her doubts about sexual stereotyping and the demands of family life, but she became a traitor to her destructive cause, and was in the end responsible for an act of construction, the creation of the Arcadian family novel." A49 CURTIS, DAVID. "Little Women: A Reconsideration." EE 45 (November 1968):878-79. Urges that Little Women be given more critical attention and argues that it has many qualities that make it deserving of its century of popularity. A50 ELBERT, SARAH. A Hunger for Home: Louisa May Alcott and "Little Women." Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984, 278 pp. Emphasizes Alcott's feminist concerns and the conflict of women's political, economic, and educational equality with the demands of domestic life. Views this conflict as central to Alcott's life and work and central to women today. A51 GOLDMAN, SUZY. "Louisa May Alcott: The Separation Between Art and Family." L&U 1, no. 2 (Fall 1977):91-97. Although Alcott herself succeeded in the artistic world, she never allowed her female characters to do the same, requiring them to choose marriage in a time when women were not allowed to combine marriage and art (or career). A52 HAMBLEN, ABIGAIL ANN. "Louisa May Alcott and the `Revolution' in Education." Journal of General Education 22, no. 2 (July 1970):81-92. Explores the educational theories expressed in Alcott's fiction. A53 HOLLANDER, ANNE. "Reflections on Little Women." Children's Lit erature 9 (1981):28-39. Sees the book in terms of "how the feelings familiar in childhood are preserved in later days, and how individual character abides through life." A54 Horn Book 44 (October 1968). Includes Cornelia Meigs's introductions to centennial editions of Little Women and to her own Invincible Louisa and Glimpses of Louisa; an article by Lavinia Russ, "Not to Be Read on Sunday," which explores the long-lasting appeal of Little Women despite critical disparagement; and an article by Aileen Fisher and Olive Rabe about the writing of We Alcotts. A55 JANEWAY, ELIZABETH. "Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy, and Louisa." NYTBR, 29 September 1968. (Reprinted in Egoff, Only Connect, 1st ed., pp. 286-90; 2d ed., 253-57.) Why does this dated, sentimental, moralizing work endure? Because it is full of life and "was written by a secret rebel against the order of the world and woman's place in it, and all the girls who ever read it know it." A56 KELLY, R. GORDON. "Human Nature in Three Late 19th Century American Children's Novels." In Escarpit, Portrayal of the Child, pp. 249-57. Examines Little Women, Horatio Alger's Ragged Dick, and Mark Twain's Adventures of Tom Sawyer in terms of their views of human nature. A57 KEYSER, ELIZABETH LENNOX. "Domesticity versus Identity: A Review of Alcott Research." CLE, n.s. 16, no. 8 (Autumn 1985):165-75. Includes comments on recent books on Alcott by Sarah Elbert, Joy A. Marsella, and Ruth MacDonald. Suggests Alcott deserves more consistent close reading than she has been given so far. A58 -----. "Women and Girls in Louisa May Alcott's Jo's Boys." Interna tional Journal of Women's Studies 6 (November-December 1983):457-71. Explores Alcott's ambivalence about women's career aspirations as reflected in Jo's Boys. A59 KINGSTON, CAROLYN T. Tragic Mode, pp. 130-32. Analyzes Little Women in terms of its treatment of loss in the form of death. A60 KOLBA, ELLEN D. "Out on a Limb." English Journal 73 (November 1984):38-41. Examines Alcott's Jack and Jill and Susan Coolidge's What Katy Did as two "domestic romances" showing "an intelligent and active but headstrong young girl who must become an invalid in order to grow into a happy, productive woman." A61 McCURRY, NIKI ALPERT. "Concepts of Childrearing and Schooling in the March Novels of Louisa May Alcott." Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 1976, 114 pp., DA 37:4356A. Argues that Little Women, Little Men, and Jo's Boys present the picture of an ideal upbringing and faithfully depict the educational philosophy and methods of Bronson Alcott. A62 MacDONALD, RUTH K. Louisa May Alcott. Boston: Twayne, 1983, 111 pp. Concentrates on a close critical reading of Alcott's works for children and adults. Places the works for children within the context of Alcott's life and her works for adults. Includes a biographical sketch, one chapter devoted to the March family stories, another to the other juveniles, and a third to the works for adults. Also includes selected bibliographies of primary and secondary sources. A63 -----. "The Progress of the Pilgrims in Little Women." Proceedings of the Children's Literature Association 7 (1980):114-19. Explores the reasons Pilgrim's Progress was so influential in American girls' books, particularly in Little Women. A64 -----. "Recent Alcott Criticism." Children's Literature 9 (1981):210-13. Reviews eleven recent books and articles on Alcott and concludes that although recent criticism has extended Alcott's reputation beyond that as a writer of children's books, "We need a more sensitive reading of her children's books rather than a further diminution of her reputation as a writer for children." A65 -----. Review. ChLAQ 9, no. 3 (Fall 1984):135. Reviews recent Alcott criticism, including Madelon Bedell's intro duction to the Modern Library College Edition of Little Women and Joy A. Marsella's The Promise of Destiny: Children and Women in the Short Stories of Louisa May Alcott. A66 MAY, JILL P. "Spiritual Females of the Nineteenth Century: Liberated Moods in Little Women." CLE, n.s. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1980):10-20. Sees in Alcott's women the forerunners of their twentieth-century sisters, "quietly beginning the march toward freedom within a mar riage," and shows how they differ from the conventional nineteenth- century heroine. A67 MEIGS, CORNELIA L. Louisa M. Alcott and the American Family Story. New York: Henry Z. Walck, 1971, 127 pp. Relates Alcott's life to her writings, and places her books in the context of the American family stories of Jacob Abbott, Susan Cool idge, Laura E. Richards, Margaret Sidney, Kate Douglas Wiggin, and others. A68 MONTEIRO, GEORGE. "Louisa May Alcott's Proverb Stories." Ten nessee Folklore Society Bulletin 42, no. 3 (September 1976):103-7. Examines Alcott's use of proverbs in her Three Proverb Stories, "Kitty's Class-Day," "Aunt Kipp," and "Psyche's Art." A69 PAULY, THOMAS H. "Ragged Dick and Little Women: Idealized Homes and Unwanted Marriages." Journal of Popular Culture 9 (Winter 1975):583-92. Examines the attitudes toward marriage portrayed by Alcott and Alger, maintaining that "The protagonists created by both authors become aligned with positions which militate against marriage, thus unwittingly undermining the very institution these writers are con sciously striving to recommend." A70 PAYNE, ALMA J. Louisa May Alcott: A Reference Guide. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1980, 87 pp. The introduction to this bibliography of works by and about Alcott provides an excellent overview of available criticism. The annotated bibliography attempts "to include all scholarship of any substance on Louisa May Alcott." Includes many reviews but no for eign items unless translated into English. A71 SALWONCHIK, MARIE. "The Educational Ideas of Louisa May Alcott." Ph.D. dissertation, Loyola University of Chicago, 1972, 150 pp., DA 33:1596. Examines Alcott's educational ideas as expressed in her fiction. A72 SHULL, MARTHA I. "The Novels of Louisa May Alcott as Commen tary on the American Family." Ph.D. dissertation, Bowling Green University, 1975, 244 pp., DA 36:5304A. Examines the matriarchal family system presented in Alcott's novels and uses it "as a mirror to comment on changes in the struc ture of the American family." A73 SMITH, GROVER, Jr. "The Doll-Burners: D.H. Lawrence and Louisa Alcott." Modern Language Quarterly 19, no. 1 (March 1958):28-32. Explores possible influences on D.H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers of the doll-burning scene in Alcott's Little Men. A74 STERN, MADELINE B. "Behind a Mask: The Unknown Thrillers of Louisa May Alcott." SLJ 21 (January 1975):13-17. Explores Alcott's "gory, gruesome novelettes," and finds they "will disclose not only the nature of the creation, but also the nature of the creator," in this excerpt from the book of the same name, pub lished by William Morrow & Co, 1975. A75 -----. "Louisa M. Alcott: An Appraisal." New England Quarterly 22, no. 4 (December 1949):475-98. Provides a perceptive overview of Alcott's career; suggests that her accurate depiction of domestic life and her studies of adolescent psychology have earned her a permanent place in literature. A76 ULLOM, JUDITH C., comp. "Louisa May Alcott: A Centennial for Little Women." Washington D.C.: Library of Congress, 1969, 91 pp. Contains an extensive listing of various editions and translations of Alcott's works, including reprints of some of the illustrations and a brief listing of biocritical studies. A77 "Views and Reviews on Louisa May Alcott." In Haviland, Children and Literature, pp. 64-65. (Reprinted from Nation 8 [May 20, 1869]:400; 21 [October 14, 1875]:250-51.) Two early reviews of Alcott's books, the second one attributed to Henry James. A78 YELLIN, JEAN FAGAN. "From `Success' to `Experience': Louisa May Alcott's Work." Massachusetts Review 21 (1980):527-29. Explores Alcott's portrayal of a female in an untraditional role in her fictionalized autobiography Work. ALDIS, DOROTHY (1896-1966) A79 SARTAIN, HARRY W. "Dorothy Aldis: Poet Laureate of Young Chil dren." EE 44 (May 1967):453-60. Considers Aldis's poetry for children to have the following essen tial qualities: (1) worthwhile ideas, (2) honesty, (3) uniqueness, (4) imagery, (5) musical quality, (6) rich mood, and (7) appeal to emo tion. Includes a bibliography of Aldis's works. A80 SEGEL, ELIZABETH. "In Biography for Young Readers, Nothing Is Impossible." L&U 4 (Summer 1980):4-14. (Reprinted in Carr, Beyond Fact, pp. 148-53.) Argues that the highly praised Nothing Is Impossible: The Story of Beatrix Potter glosses over the deep unhappiness of Potter's life and her major disappointments. "If ever there was a life which demonstrates that some things are not possible, it is Beatrix Potter's . . . . Dorothy Aldis, in screening out the pain, as too bleak for pre- adolescent readers, obscured the moving reality, and substituted for it a conventional formula." ALEXANDER, LLOYD (1924- ) A81 ALEXANDER, LLOYD. "The Flat-Heeled Muse." Horn Book 41 (April 1965):141-46. Explores the role of fantasy in his work, and its meaning for him. A82 -----. "High Fantasy and Heroic Romance." Horn Book 47 (October 1971):508-11. (Reprinted in Norton, Folk Literature of the British Isles, pp. 162-70, and in White, Children's Literature, pp. 112-17.) Explores the nature of the classical hero as personified by Taran in the Prydain series. A83 -----. "Notes on The Westmark Trilogy." Advocate 4, no 1 (Fall 1984):1-6. Comments on the writing of the trilogy, especially the concluding volume, The Beggar Queen. A84 CARR, MARION. "Classic Hero in a New Mythology." Horn Book 47 (October 1971):508-13. (Reprinted in White, Children's Literature, pp. 112-17.) Applies Jan de Vries's definition of the traditional hero to Taran, hero of the Chronicles of Prydain, and finds that he fits eight of the ten motifs. A85 GREENLAW, M. JEAN. "Profile: Lloyd Alexander." LA 61 (April 1984):406-13. Alexander discusses his life and work in an interview. A86 JACOBS, JAMES SWENSEN. "Lloyd Alexander: A Critical Biography." Ed.D. dissertation, University of Georgia, 1978, 684 pp., DA 39:3559A. Focuses on "Alexander's life, the reception of his writing, and his perception of the world." Considers professional reviews and Alex ander's own views of literature and himself. A87 -----. "A Personal Look at Lloyd Alexander." Advocate 4, no. 1 (Fall 1984):8-18. Based on the research for his doctoral dissertation, Jacobs relates Alexander's background and personality to various aspects of his work. A88 WINTLE, JUSTIN, and FISHER, EMMA. The Pied Pipers, pp. 208-20. Alexander discusses his life and work in an interview. ALGER, HORATIO (1832-99) A89 SCHARNHORST, GARY F. "Good Fortune in America: The Life and Works of Horatio Alger, Jr. and the Fate of The Alger Hero from the Civil War to World War II." Ph.D. dissertation, Purdue Univer sity, 1978, 389 pp., DA 39:2911A. Examines Alger's life, writings, and critical reception in American culture between 1860 and 1947. ALLEE, MARJORIE HILL (1890-1945) A90 WINSLOW, AMY. "Marjorie Hill Allee." Horn Book 22 (May-June 1946):183-95. A biocritical survey and appreciation, emphasizing Allee's convic tions on social problems. ALLEN, RICHARD A91 BARDGETT, KEITH. "Skinhead in the Classroom." CLE, o.s., no. 8 (July 1972):56-64. Proposes various approaches to Skinhead in the classroom. A92 ELDERS, DEREK. "Top of the Charts: The Significance of Skinhead." Use of English 27, no. 3 (Summer 1976):44-48. "The case against Skinhead is that no sane appraisal of sex and violence is possible in language as impoverished as that demonstrated in the foregoing extracts." ALMEDINGEN, E.M. (1898-1971) A93 ALDERSON, VALERIE. "E.M. Almedingen 1898-1971: An Apprecia tion." Children's Literature Review 1, no. 5 (October 1971):149-52. An appreciative biocritical overview. A94 RAY, SHEILA G. "E.M. Almedingen." School Librarian 21, no. 4 (December 1973):301-3. Praises Almedingen's stories, set in old Russia, for the insights they shed on that country today. ALS, ROALD A95 GORMSEN, JACOB. "An Interview." Bookbird 3-4 (1982):24-29. In an interview Als discusses his approach to illustration. AMBRUS, VICTOR G. (1935- ) A96 JONES, CORNELIA, and WAY, OLIVIA R. British Children's Authors, pp. 11-20. In an interview Ambrus discusses his background, philosophy, and method of working. Includes an annotated bibliography of his works. ANDERSEN, HANS CHRISTIAN (1805-75) A97 BAYLEY, JOHN. "Duckling Among the Swans." TLS, 19 September 1975, pp. 1049-50. Reviews Elias Bredsdorff's Hans Christian Andersen: The Story of His Life and Work, 1805-1875. A98 BREDSDORFF, ELIAS. Hans Christian Andersen: The Story of His Life and Work, 1805-1875. New York: Charles Scribners & Sons, 1975, 376 pp. Part 2 of this biography, pp. 308-58, surveys and classifies Andersen's tales, analyzes his language and style and that of his translators, and comments on the inspiration for, and origins of, a number of tales. An extensive bibliography of primary and second ary materials is included on pages 366-72. A99 DAL, ERIK. "Research on Hans Christian Andersen: Trends, Results and Desiderata." Orbis Litterarum 17, nos. 3-4 (1962):166-83. Provides a thorough survey of international Andersen research before 1962. A100 FELL, CHRISTINE E. "Symbolic and Satiric Aspects of Hans Ander sen's Fairy Tales." Leeds Studies in English n.s. 1 (1967):83-91. Examines structure, values, and the symbolic and satirical ways in which Andersen conveys values in "The Snow Queen," "The Little Mermaid," "Thumbelina," and "The Darning Needle." A101 GRONBECH, BO. Hans Christian Andersen. Twayne's World Author Series, no. 612. Boston: Twayne, 1980, 171 pp. Provides a biographical and critical overview of Andersen's life and work. Chapter 3, "The Fairy Tales," pp. 88-133, provides back ground and analysis of a number of retold and original tales. Chap ter 4, "Criticism, Influence, Research," summarizes critical responses and Andersen research. Includes bibliographies. A102 HAUGAARD, ERIK C. "Hans Christian Andersen: Twentieth Century View." Scandinavian Review 63 (December 1975):4-12. Explores Andersen's handling of poverty and misfortune, his views of art and the artist, and his ability to mix realism and romanticism. A103 -----. "The Poet Who Lives." Horn Book 51 (October 1975):443-48. Examines the qualities of Andersen's tales that keep them alive. Andersen was able to identify with the heroes of fairy tales and regarded them as a guide by which to live. A104 -----. Portrait of a Poet: Hans Christian Andersen and His Fairy Tales." In Haviland, The Openhearted Audience, pp. 69-81. Reflects upon considerations in translating Andersen: his ideas, his qualities of style, and the nature of fairy tales. A105 -----. "Random Thoughts by a Translator of Andersen." Horn Book 48 (December 1972):557-62. (Reprinted in Koefoed, Children's Liter ature and the Child, pp. 67-70, entitled "A Meeting with Erik Chris tian Haugaard," and in Heins, Crosscurrents, pp. 277-82.) Discusses Andersen's basic beliefs in a Christian God, in the worth of literature, in souls for animals, plants, and even inanimate objects. Also explores his bitterness and his sense of pity, all of which are in evidence in his tales. A106 HAZARD, PAUL. "Prince of Story Tellers." In Books, Children and Men, pp. 92-105. (Reprinted in Horn Book 19 [May-June 1943]:141-47.) Calls him "the very prince of all story tellers." He was able "to penetrate the soul of both animate and inanimate things." Andersen is aware that there is much sorrow in the world, yet "Life finds its reasons for enduring." A107 HEARN, MICHAEL PATRICK. "Afterword." In Kate Greenaway's Original Drawings for "The Snow Queen" by Hans Christian Ander sen, pp. 53-58. N.Y.: Schocken, 1981. Finds similarities in the personalities and biographies of Andersen and Greenaway, and concludes that Greenaway's unfinished sketches offer "an unusually sensitive interpretation" of the tale. A108 HURLIMANN, BETTINA. Three Centuries, pp. 42-52. A biocritical overview. A109 JAN, ISABELLE. "Hans Christian Andersen or Reality." In On Chil dren's Literature, pp. 45-55. Sees Andersen as exploding the conventions of the folktale. "In him childhood and manhood merged." A110 KUTTY, K. NARAYAN. "A Look at Andersen's `The Shadow.'" In Butler, Sharing, pp. 251-56. Provides an in-depth analysis of Andersen's short story. A111 MISHLER, WILLIAM. "H.C. Andersen's `Tin Soldier' in a Freudian Perspective." Scandinavian Studies 50 (Autumn 1978):389-95. Concludes that "a psychoanalytic reading helps the reader to recognize the way in which the story contains its own interpretation." A112 RUBECK, MARY ANN. "Annotations Documenting and Interpreting the Reflection of Hans Christian Andersen's Life in His Fairy Tales." Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1981, 260 pp., DA 42:1622A. "The purpose of this study was to explore, document, interpret and to relate the parallelism between elements in the fairy tales and events in the life of Andersen." A113 RUBOW, PAUL V. "Idea and Form in Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales." In A Book on the Danish Writer Hans Christian Andersen: His Life and Work, edited by Svend Dahl and H.G. Topsoe-Jensen. Copenhagen: Det Berlingske Bogtrykkeri, 1955, pp. 97-135. Discusses the tales within the context of the traditional fairy tale and Andersen's beliefs. A114 SALE, ROGER. Fairy Tales, pp. 63-73. Andersen marks the transition from fairy tales to later children's literature. His work is marred by the narrator's intruding voice. "The Little Mermaid" and "The Snow Queen" are analyzed in depth. A115 SICHERMANN, RUTH. "Time To Tell An Andersen Tale." TON 30 (January 1974):161-68. Comments upon several of Andersen's tales suitable for telling to children. A116 WILLIAMS, ALAN MORAY. "Hans Christian Andersen." Time and Tide (February 1963):9-13. (Reprinted in Egoff, Only Connect, 1st ed., pp. 265-69; 2d ed., pp. 233-37.) A brief biocritical overview. ANDREW, PRUDENCE (1924- ) A117 CROSS, GILLIAN. "Prudence Andrew: Fantasy in the Realistic Novel." CLE, o.s., no. 21 (Summer 1976):81-85. Suggests that Andrew, instead of approaching social problems with a "watered-down adult view," attempts to examine them as children themselves might, especially in Mr. O'Brien. Also discusses Una and Grubstreet (Una and the Heaven Baby, U.S. version). ANDREWS, J[AMES] S[IDNEY] (1934- ) A118 TAYLOR, ANNE. "Travelling In Time--Towards a Project." CLE, o.s., no. 13 (1974):68-79. A detailed analysis of The Bell of Nendrum, showing ways in which it was used with a group of students. ANGLUND, JOAN WALSH (1926- ) A119 BANNER, BARBARA A. "Authors and Editors: Joan Walsh Anglund." Publishers Weekly 199 (January 1971):35-36. Discusses Anglund's background and the origins of some of her books. A120 LANES, SELMA G. Down the Rabbit Hole, pp. 31-34, 37-42. Compares Greenaway and Anglund. ANNO, MITSUMASA (1920- ) A121 AOKI, HISAKO. "A Conversation with Mitsumasa Anno." Horn Book 59 (April 1983):137-45. Discusses his background and the background of some of his books. A122 FISHER, M.F.K. "Everywhere, Something Is Happening." NYTBR, 13 November 1983, Children's Book sec., pp. 39, 52. Reviews Anno's U.S.A. A123 MacCANN, DONNARAE, and RICHARD, OLGA. "Picture Books for Children." WLB 55 (January 1981):370. A careful review of both text and illustrations. A124 MATSUI, TADASHI. "The Art of Mitsumasa Anno." Bookbird 1-2 (1982):36-37. Praises Anno's ability to represent difficult phase and space concepts pictorially. A125 MORDOH, ALICE MORRISON. "Folklife in the Work of Mitsumasa Anno." ChLAQ 10 (Fall 1985):104-8. Concentrates on Anno's accurate presentations of traditional cultural landscape and folk architecture. APPLETON, VICTOR [Stratemeyer Syndicate pseudonym] A126 MOLSON, FRANCIS. "Three Generations of Tom Swift." ChLAQ 10, no. 2 (Summer 1985):60-63. Provides a detailed analysis of three separate series of Tom Swift. A127 PRAGER, ARTHUR. "Peril: The Mother of Invention." In Rascals at Large, pp. 127-65. Discusses the Tom Swift series. Later chapters examine the Tom Swift war books, pp. 191-93, and the Don Sturdy series, pp. 309-11 and 322-27. A128 "Tom Swift Flies Again!" Publishers Weekly 164 (19 December 1953):2363-64. An overview of the series on the occasion of the issuing of the first three titles in the new series, starring Tom Swift, Jr., and written by Victor Appleton II. Arabian Nights A129 KIRBY, W.B. "The Forbidden Doors of the Thousand and One Nights." Folklore Journal 5 (1887):112-24. Examines five tales from the Arabian Nights based upon "(1) the existence of a door, which the hero is forbidden to open; and (2) his falling in love with a beautiful woman whom he sees from the housetop." A130 WILSON, ANNE. "A New Arabian Nights." Signal 40 (January 1983):26-29. Reviews Geraldine McCaughrean's One Thousand and One Arabian Nights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982, 249 pp.), which she considers the most beautiful retelling in English. ARDIZZONE, EDWARD (1900-79) A131 ARDIZZONE, EDWARD. "About Tim and Lucy." Horn Book 14 (March 1938):88-90. (Reprinted in Fryatt, Horn Book Sampler, pp. 1-3.) Tells how he came to create the Tim and Lucy books. A132 -----. "The Born Illustrator." Signal 3 (September 1970):73-80. Ardizzone's comments on illustration are preceded by a selection of "some favourite illustrations drawn by him for children," pp. 67-72. A133 -----. "Edward Ardizzone: An Autobiographical Note." Junior Book shelf 14, no. 2 (March 1950):39-45. (Reprinted in Hoffman, Authors and Illustrators, pp. 1-5.) More biographical than critical; however, Ardizzone reflects on writing for children and the origins of some of his books. A134 BELL, QUENTIN. "Edward Ardizzone." Studio 149 (May 1955):144-47. Provides a critical analysis of Ardizzone as an illustrator, concentrating on his works for adults. A135 CROUCH, MARCUS. "One Old, One New." Junior Bookshelf 34, no. 5 (October 1970):273-74. A review of two books by Ardizzone. Brief but insightful com ments on Johnny's Bad Day and the republished Lucy Brown and Mr. Grimes, "the famous book which offended the Puritan heart of America in the middle thirties." A136 -----. "To Edward Ardizzone, with Thanks." Junior Bookshelf 43, no. 6 (December 1979):309-12. Reviews Gabriel White's Edward Ardizzone, and adds his own reminiscences and appreciation of Ardizzone's work. A137 HOGARTH, GRACE ALLEN. "Edward Ardizzone, 1900-1979: An Editor's View." Horn Book 56 (December 1980):680-86. Reminiscences of Ardizzone over the years, primarily personal but with some interesting sidelights on his attitudes toward his books, their origins and publication history. A138 JONES, CORNELIA, and WAY, OLIVIA R. British Children's Authors, pp. 21-30. In an interview, Ardizzone discusses his background, philosophy, and method of working. Includes an annotated bibliography of his works. A139 STONE, HELEN. "Artist's Choice." Horn Book 26 (May 1950): 210-11. Analyzes the illustrations in Tim to the Rescue. A140 TUCKER, NICHOLAS. "Edward Ardizzone." CLE, o.s., no. 3 (November 1970):21-29. Discusses in detail the Tim series. "He writes for tough indepen dent little kids who run away from home against good advice and do not faint at the sight of blood." Praises Ardizzone's pictures as a contrast to much of the "wretched" art to which children are sub jected. A141 WHITE, GABRIEL. Edward Ardizzone: Artist and Illustrator. New York: Schocken, 1980, 192 pp. This study and pictorial record of Ardizzone's career as artist and illustrator devotes two chapters specifically to his books, pp. 121-52. Includes references. A142 WINTLE, JUSTIN, and FISHER, EMMA. Pied Pipers, pp. 35-48. Ardizzone discusses his life and his work in an interview. ARMSTRONG, RICHARD (1903- ) A143 ARMSTRONG, RICHARD. "Writing for Boys." Junior Bookshelf 13 (July 1949):73-76. Expresses his views on writing for boys. Followed by an appre ciative critical appraisal, "Richard Armstrong: Writer for Boys," by H.J.B.W., pp. 79-82. A144 CROUCH, MARCUS. The Nesbit Tradition, pp. 187-92. Singles out Sea-Change as his best work, and also comments on Whinstone Drift. "He is no great stylist. . . . It is in the exposition and analysis of character that Armstrong excels." ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM (1914- ) A145 KINGSTON, CAROLYN T. Tragic Mode, pp. 52-54. Analyzes Sounder in terms of the theme of rejection. A146 KUZNETS, LOIS R. "Some Issues Raised by the `Issues Approach.'" ChLAQ 5 (Fall 1980):20. Responds to Schwartz's analysis of Sounder (below). A147 SCHWARTZ, ALBERT V. "Sounder: A Black or White Tale?" IRBC 3, no. 1 (1970). (Reprinted in MacCann and Woodard, Black Ameri can, pp. 89-93.) Analyzes the book from the perspective of two questions raised by Julius Lester (see A1523): "Does it accurately present the black perspective?" and "Will it be relevant to black children?" Concludes that the answer to both questions is "No." ARNOW, HARRIETTE (1908- ) A148 McMAHAN, ELIZABETH. "Harriette Arnow's The Dollmaker: A Teacher's Lament." English Journal 72 (1983):55-58. Focuses on the "teachable aspects" of the book, which she feels is "long overdue its rightful critical recognition." Summarizes and provides references to existing criticism. ARTHUR, RUTH (1905- ) A149 CROUCH, MARCUS. The Nesbit Tradition, pp. 201-3, 205-6, 218. Analyzes A Candle in Her Room as a story of self-fulfillment spread out over more than one generation, and Requiem for a Prin cess and The Whistling Boy as "mirror stories," the one dealing with adoption, the other with a stepmother. A150 -----. "The Painful Art of Growing Up: The Novels of Ruth M. Arthur." Junior Bookshelf 42, no. 5 (October 1978):239-44. Provides a detailed analysis of Arthur's work, identifying the development of common themes and techniques. A151 JONES, CORNELIA, and WAY, OLIVIA R. British Children's Authors, pp. 31-40. Arthur discusses her background, philosophy, and method of working. Includes an annotated bibliography of her works. ARTZYBASHEFF, BORIS (1899-1965) A152 BADER, BARBARA. American Picturebooks, pp. 187-96. "Boris Artzybasheff brought to the making of books for children a special wit and polish and a total sense of style." Traces his relatively short but phenomenally successful career as a picture-book artist. A153 BECHTEL, LOUISE S. "Boris Artzybasheff." Horn Book 42 (April 1966):176-80. An appreciation touching on aspects of his life and art. A154 COLUM, PADRAIC. "Boris Artzybasheff." Horn Book 4 (August 1928):38-40. A brief discussion of the artist's style, accompanied by examples of his work and a list of his books. A155 LOCKWOOD, BRUCE. "Boris Artzybasheff." Creative Art 12 (January 1933):11-18. An early biocritical overview. Includes references and bibliogra phies. A156 "Seven Simeons and Its Creator." Junior Bookshelf 2, no. 2 (December 1937):68-70. An early review of this award-winning book. A157 WATSON, ERNEST W. "The Art of Boris Artzybasheff." American Artist 5 (December 1941):11-15. A brief biocritical overview. ARUNDEL, HONOR (1919-73) A158 BOYD, CELIA. "Growing Pains: A Survey of Honor Arundel's Nov els." Signal 4 (January 1973):38-51. A159 RUSSELL, J. "Honor Arundel." Junior Bookshelf 37 (December 1973):367-69. A brief appreciation. ASHLEY, BERNARD (1935- ) A160 BRADMAN, TONY. "Children's Writers: 8 Bernard Ashley." School Librarian 30 (March 1982):6-12. Compares and contrasts Ashley's work with Graham Greene's, and considers him one of the most talented writers in the field of chil dren's literature at present. ATWOOD, MARGARET (1939- ) A161 BECKMAN, SUSAN. "Margaret Atwood: Can. Lit. to Kid Lit." CCL 12 (1978):78-81. Reviews Atwood's first book for children, illustrated and hand- lettered by its author. D'AULNOY, MADAME (1650-1705) A162 DeGRAFF, AMY VANDERLYN. "The Tower and the Well: A Study of Form and Meaning in Mme. d'Aulnoy's Fairy Tales." Ph.D. dis sertation, University of Virginia, 1979, 242 pp., DA 40:888A. Shows how "the application of psychological concepts to Madame d'Aulnoy's fairy tales can generate meanings as rich and complex as the structures that imply them." A163 FILSTRUP, JANE. "Individuation in `La Chatte Blanche.'" Children's Literature 6 (1977):77-92. Compares d'Aulnoy's tale with "Rapunzel" and other tales from Grimm and from the Arabian Nights and Perrault, analyzing them in terms of birth and individuation. A164 MITCHELL, JANE. "Thematic Analysis of Mme. D'Aulnoy's Contes De F‚es." Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1973, 235 pp., DA 35:466A. Examines the major themes of d'Aulnoy's fairy tales: her Zeitgeist, metamorphosis, and love. A165 PALMER, MELVIN DELMAR. "Madame d'Aulnoy in England." Ph.D. dissertation, 1969, 236 pp., DA 31:396A. Chronicles the history of Madame d'Aulnoy's works in English and explores the confusions concerning her biography. A166 SALE, ROGER. Fairy Tales, pp. 54-58. Describes "The Green Snake" as "masquelike and courtly, . . . far from the huts and castles in which fairy tales were told of old," but nevertheless "a beautiful tale." A167 WILLIAMS, ELIZABETH DETERING. "The Fairy Tales of Madame d'Aulnoy." Ph.D. dissertation, Rice University, 1982, 297 pp., DA 43:465A. Analyzes the themes, style, and structure of d'Aulnoy's fairy tales and places them within the historic context of the seventeenth cen tury. AVERY, GILLIAN (1926- ) A168 BOWEN, NAOMI. "Gillian Avery: A Conversation." School Librarian 23, no. 3 (September 1975):205-8. (Reprinted in Culpan, Variety is King, pp. 102-5.) In an interview Avery discusses Childhood's Pattern and her historical fiction, especially The Warden's Niece. A169 BUTTS, DENNIS. "Writers for Children: 9 Gillian Avery." School Librarian 16, no. 2 (July 1968):153-57. An introduction to Avery's historical fiction. A170 CADOGAN, MARY, and CRAIG, PATRICIA. You're a Brick, pp. 361-64. Analyzes Avery's approach to historical fiction, her handling of characters, and her approach to feminism in The Warden's Niece. A171 CROUCH, MARCUS. The Nesbit Tradition, pp. 173-76. Discusses The Warden's Niece, Avery's "most individual achieve ment," and The Children of the House, "a strong and authentic social document." A172 INGLIS, FRED. Promise of Happiness, pp. 224-26. Sees The Warden's Niece as an "inevitably personal" interpretation of history. "In less sensitive hands, the subject matter could far too easily have become a pale ontological project--how to do a spot of local history, using local resources. But the characters are too varied for a reader ever to lose sight of the livingness and contingent quality of full-blooded historical inquiry." AWDRY, W., Rev. (1911- ) A173 CHURCHER, JOHN. "Journey to the End of the Tunnel." Junior Bookshelf 41 (October 1977):267-69. Discusses the appeal of Awdry's railway books. BABBITT, NATALIE (1932- ) A174 DE LUCA, GERALDINE. "Extensions of Nature: The Fantasies of Natalie Babbitt." L&U 1, no. 2 (Fall 1977):47-70. Discusses Babbitt's first five novels and the way she maintains "a tension between the vulnerable and hopeful world of childhood and the more easily compromised world of adults." A175 HIRSCH, CORINNE. "Toward Maturity: Natalie Babbitt's Initiatory Journeys." Proceedings of the Children's Literature Association 7 (1980):107-13. Kneeknock Rise (1970), Tuck Everlasting (1975), and The Eyes of the Amaryllis (1977) explore "a common predicament by means of the initiatory journey of its young protagonist, who leaves the protected world of childhood to confront a fundamental human prob lem: the desire for security and concomitant need to take risks to achieve independence and involvement in life." A176 LANES, SELMA G. "A Talk with Natalie Babbitt." NYTBR, 14 November 1982, Children's Book sec., pp. 44, 54. An interview in which Babbitt discusses her work, particularly Herbert Rowbarge, which is also reviewed by Anne Tyler on these same pages. A177 LYNCH, CATHERINE, M. "Winnie Foster and Peter Pan: Facing the Dilemma of Growth." Proceedings of the Children's Literature Asso ciation 9 (1982):107-11. Suggests that both Peter Pan and Tuck Everlasting explore a conflict central to childhood experience: to grow up to adult respon sibilities or not to grow up at all. Argues that Babbitt deepens the Peter Pan myth by dramatizing the fact that embracing adulthood includes, of necessity, choosing death. A178 MERCIER, JEAN F. "Natalie Babbitt." Publishers Weekly 208 (28 July 1975):66-67. A brief biocritical overview. A179 MOSS, ANITA. "A Second Look: The Search for the Delicious." Horn Book 60 (December 1984):779-83. Explores Babbitt's use of the quest romance "to show up human kind's folly in failing to recognize elemental meanings and in cutting itself off from sacramental experience." A180 WILDER, VIRGINIA. Review. IRBC 9, no. 1 (1978):17. Faults Phoebe's Revolt on the basis of sexism. BACON, PEGGY (1895- ) A181 BADER, BARBARA. American Picturebooks, pp. 196-98. Examines Peggy Bacon's illustrations for Buttons, text by Tom Robinson, in terms of their place in the evolution of a picture-book style. BAGNOLD, ENID (1889-1981) A182 KOLBA, ELLEN D. "Recommended: Enid Bagnold." English Journal 72 (October 1983):76-77. A biocritical overview, concentrating on National Velvet. BLANK, CLAIR A183 MASON, BOBBIE ANN. The Girl Sleuth, pp. 101-6. Despite lacking the action and slick style of Stratemeyer books, the Beverly Gray college mystery series was popular because she was "one of the most adventurous and independent of the girl detectives." BANNERMAN, HELEN [Brodie Cowan Watson] (1863-1946) A184 BURKE, VIRGINIA M. "Mummy Didn't Mean No Harm." LA 53 (March 1976):272-75. Summarizes the history of Little Black Sambo, especially critical reaction to it since 1972. A185 DINNAGE, ROSEMARY. "The Taming of Teatime Tigers." TLS, 24 July 1981, p. 834. Reviews Elizabeth Hay's Sambo Sahib: "The Story of Little Black Sambo" and Helen Bannerman, and comments on Marjorie McDonald's psychoanalysis of Sambo (see below). A186 GARD, ELIZABETH. "Bits Strewn All Over the Page." Books for Your Children 5 (1970):4. (Reprinted in Tucker, Suitable for Children?, pp. 184-90.) In an interview Bannerman's daughter discusses and exonerates Black Sambo, while admitting uneasiness about the violence in Little Kettle Head. A187 HAY, ELIZABETH. Sambo Sahib: "The Story of Little Black Sambo" and Helen Bannerman. Edinburgh: Paul Harris; Totowa, N.J.: Barnes & Noble, 1981, 194 pp. This highly sympathetic biography of Bannerman outlines the publishing history of The Story of Little Black Sambo, and attempts to correct several longstanding inaccuracies. Information on the writing, setting, and original publication of the book is included. The final chapter, "Sambo Blacked," concerns the charges of racism that have been leveled at the book. A188 HILL, JANET. "Oh! Please Mr. Tiger." TLS, 3 November 1972, pp. 1315-16. (Reprinted in Tucker, Suitable for Children?, pp. 191-96.) Explains why Hill has changed her opinion about Little Black Sambo and now feels it is time for it to be retired. Compares the attitudes in Little Black Sambo and Little White Squibba and finds them both condescending and patronizing. Concludes that Banner man's books express "benevolent paternalism" and reveal "the deep roots of racism in our history, culture, and language." A189 McDONALD, MARJORIE. "Little Black Sambo." Pychoanalytic Study of the Child 29 (1973):511-28. Interprets the tale as a concealed primal scene story, and contrasts it with "Epaminondas," which has "little of psychoanalytic interest." Argues that "it is just this unconscious childhood sexuality that underlies Sambo's racism." A190 SCHILLER, J. "The Story of Little Black Sambo." Book Collector 23, no. 3 (Autumn 1974):381-86. Provides a publication history of the book and argues that "If any negative stereotypes of the black child have come from The Story of Little Black Sambo, it was certainly not the intention of its author but rather the offspring of a conscience-ridden society." A191 STOKES, HORACE W. "Sambo and the Twins." Horn Book 12 (1936):373-74. This account of the origins of Little Black Sambo and one of its sequels is interesting primarily for the historical perspective so different from today's. A192 YUILL, PHYLLIS J. "Little Black Sambo: A Closer Look." New York: Council on Interracial Books for Children, 1976, 52 pp. (Also avail able from ERIC Educational Document Reproduction Service, ED 123 308.) Examines the origins of the story and traces its history in the United States through overlapping periods of popularity and controv ersy. A193 -----. "Little Black Sambo: The Continuing Controversy." SLJ 22 (March 1976):71-76. (Reprinted in Gerhardt, Issues in Children's Book Selection.) A survey and summary of responses to the book. BARBOUR, RALPH HENRY (1870-1944) A194 ERISMAN, FRED. "The Strenuous Life In Practice: The School and Sports Stories of Ralph Henry Barbour." Rocky Mountain Social Science Journal 7 (April 1970):29-37. Explores Barbour's "dramatically intensified version" of the Progressive Era ideals of progress and moral values. A195 PRAGER, ARTHUR. Rascals at Large, pp. 286-93. Describes the typical Barbour book, complete with an example of a "grand heart-stopping moment." Considers Barbour one of the best writers of boys' books. BARNE, KITTY (1883-1957) A196 COLWELL, EILEEN. "Kitty Barne: An Appreciation." Junior Book shelf 25 (October 1961):197-201. A biocritical overview. BARRIE, J[AMES] M[ATTHEW] (1860-1937) A197 BLACKBURN, WILLIAM. "Peter Pan and the Contemporary Adoles cent Novel." Proceedings of the Children's Literature Association 9 (1982):47-53. Maintains that Peter Pan, like many contemporary adolescent novels, deals with the passage from innocence to maturity, but unlike many of them, also offers a consolation for the loss of innocence. A198 CARPENTER, HUMPHREY. "J.M. Barrie and Peter Pan: `That Ter rible Masterpiece.'" In Secret Gardens, pp. 170-87. Views Peter Pan as "a detailed map of the earthly paradise, the secret garden." Claims that Barrie "invokes religious belief in his creation only to dismiss it as childish nonsense. . . . At the heart of the sentimental dream is a cynical, mocking voice." A199 EGAN, MICHAEL. "The Neverland of Id: Barrie, Peter Pan and Freud." Children's Literature 10 (1982):37-55. Argues that Barrie unconsciously created a vast symbolic metaphor (Neverland) of the child's id, and populated it with arche typal characters engaged in Oedipal conflicts. Sees Freudian analysis as the key to interpreting Barrie's work. A200 GREEN, MARTIN. "The Charm of Peter Pan." Children's Literature 9 (1981):19-27. Compares the appeal and techniques of Barrie and Disney, and concludes they both represent the "end of the line" in popular culture in terms of sweetness and unreality. A201 GREEN, ROGER L. J.M. Barrie. New York: Walck, 1961, 64 pp. Outlines Barrie's career as a writer, commenting that "All of Barrie's life led up to the creation of Peter Pan." Concentrates on Peter Pan, but also discusses Barrie's other plays and books. A202 GRIFFITH, JOHN. "Making Wishes Innocent: Peter Pan." L&U 3, no. 1 (Spring 1979):28-37. Shows how Barrie used whimsy, wit, and fantasy to render the unthinkable harmless and innocent in what is basically the story of a child defeating his father (Captain Hook) and playing house with his mother (Wendy). A203 KARPE, MARIETTA. "The Origins of Peter Pan." Psychoanalytic Review 43, no. 1 (January 1956):104-10. Provides a psychoanalytic interpretation of Barrie's preoccupation with aging, death, eternal youth, and immortality, and his over whelming appeal to international audiences. A204 LURIE, ALISON. "The Boy Who Couldn't Grow Up." New York Review of Books, 6 February 1975, pp. 11-15. Explores the biographical origins of Peter Pan and compares it to Barrie's Mary Rose. A205 MEISEL, FREDERICK L. "The Myth of Peter Pan." Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 32 (1977):545-63. Interprets Peter Pan as a fantasy or myth "which has as its center a self image that is of the opposite sex." Concludes that the story is "of a child's repair of injured narcissism," as well as a "cautionary tale" on the consequences of not growing up. A206 RUSSELL, PATRICIA READ. "Parallel Romantic Fantasies: Barrie's Peter Pan and Spielberg's E.T.: The Extraterrestrial." ChLAQ 8 (Winter 1983):28-30. Argues that there are many links between the two plays, but whereas "Barrie has created a tragedy of romanticism; Spielberg has made it into comedy." A207 STEVENSON, LIONEL. "A Source for Barrie's Peter Pan." Philological Quarterly 8 (April 1929):210-14. Argues that the structure of Peter Pan closely resembles that of George MacDonald's Lilith. A208 TUCKER, NICHOLAS. "Fly Away Peter." Signal 37 (January 1982):43-40. Examines the play's appeal to children by looking at "how the play came to be written in the first place," and providing a psycho logical interpretation of it. Response by Neil Philip in Signal 38 (May 1982):129-32. BARSTOW, STAN A209 HALL, BARBARA. Comment in "Teachers at Work II: Two Novels in the Classroom." CLE, n.s. 11, no. 3 (Autumn 1980):127-28. Discusses her use of A Kind of Loving in a classroom of sec ondary students. BARTHELME, DONALD (1931- ) A210 GATES, D. "A Highly Irregular Children's Story: The Slightly Irregu lar Fire Engine." Virginia Quarterly Review 52 (Spring 1976):298-308. Provides a detailed analysis of Barthelme's children's story, showing how he uses the same techniques on a child's level that he uses in his extremely sophisticated fiction for adults. BARTO, AGNIA A211 KORKIN, VLADIMIR, and BARTO, AGNIA. "20th Century: Children and Books." Soviet Literature 4:141-47. This Soviet children's poet discusses Soviet children's literature and his own writing in an interview. BAUM, L[YMAN] FRANK (1856-1919) A212 ABRAHM, PAUL M., and KENTER, STUART. "Tik-Tok and the Three Laws of Robotics." Science-Fiction Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1978):67-80. Claims that Tik-Tok, Dorothy's companion in Oz, represents a perfect embodiment of Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics. A213 American Book Collector 13, no. 4 (December 1962), 32 pp. Special Baum issue articles include "L. Frank Baum--Shadow and Substance," by Russell P. MacFall, pp. 9-11; "`Utopia Americana' A Generation Afterwards," by Edward Wagenknecht, pp. 12-13; "Why Librarians Dislike Oz," by Martin Gardner, pp. 14-16; "How My Father Wrote the Oz Books," by Harry Neal Baum. There are several other items and a checklist of Baum's writings. A214 Baum Bugle. Published three times a year since 1957 by the International Wizard of Oz Club, 220 N. Eleventh St., Escanaba, Michigan 49829. Devoted to Baum scholarship and news. A215 BECKWITH, OSMOND. "The Oddness of Oz." Children's Literature 5 (1976):74-91. Provides a detailed psychoanalytical interpretation of the Oz books, comparing their appeal to young girls to that of Alice. A216 BEWLEY, MARIUS. "The Land of Oz: America's Great Good Place." In Masks and Mirrors: Essays in Criticism. New York: Atheneum, 1970, pp. 255-67. Finds similarities between Baum's style and themes and and those of Stephen Crane, Hawthorne, and other mainstream American writ ers. A217 BROTMAN, JORDAN. "A Late Wanderer in Oz." Chicago Review 18, no. 2 (1965):63-73. (Reprinted in Egoff, Only Connect, pp. 156-69.) Concludes that the Oz stories "have charm and variety and body enough to be real fairy tales." They also tell us much about the values and aspirations of the American people and their migration from the Middlewest to California. A218 CATH, STANLEY H., and CATH, CLAIRE. "On the Other Side of Oz: Psychoanalytic Aspects of Fairy Tales." Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 33 (1978):621-39. Examines common fairy tale themes, as exemplified in The Wizard of Oz, in psychoanalytic terms. Concludes, "Like all myths, dreams, and fables, The Wizard of Oz provides an age-appropriate mirror lighted by a distant and indirect source, filled with double messages and ambiguities. The final resolution is the protagonist's `return home,' a little wiser, a little more tolerant, and a little more mature (one hopes)." A219 ERISMAN, FRED. "L. Frank Baum and the Progressive Dilemma." American Quarterly 20 (Fall 1968):616-23. Interprets the Oz books and the Aunt Jane's Nieces books in terms of Baum's solution to the progressive dilemma of reconciling and adapting rural ideals to an urban society. A220 GARDNER, MARTIN. "John Dough and the Cherub." Children's Lit erature 2 (1973):110-18. (Also to be published as the introduction to a facsimile of first edition of John Dough and the Cherub [New York: Dover Publications].) Provides an introduction and background to the work. A221 -----. "Why Librarians Dislike Oz." Library Journal 88 (15 February 1963):834-36. (Reprinted from American Book Collector, December 1962.) Suggests seven reasons why librarians have long refused to put Oz on their shelves. A222 GARDNER, MARTIN, and NYE, RUSSELL B., eds. The Wizard of Oz and Who He Was. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1957, 208 pp. Contains an annotated version of the original 1900 edition of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, including reproductions of numerous W.W. Denslow illustrations. Preceded by Gardner's essay "The Royal Histo rian of Oz," pp. 19-45, and Nye's "An Appreciation," pp. 1-18, a revised and expanded version of an article that first appeared in Fantasy and Science Fiction. Nye explores Baum's strengths and possible reasons for his critical neglect, while Gardner chronicles the history of Oz and suggests numerous areas for further study of the books. Also contains a bibliography of primary and secondary sources. A223 GREENE, DAVID L. "The Concept of Oz." Children's Literature 3 (1974):173-76. Argues that Baum's concept of Oz is more complex than the uto pia most critics have considered it to be. A224 GREENE, DOUGLAS G. "Introduction." The Woggle Bug Book (1905): A Facsimile Reproduction. Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles and Reprints, 1978, pp. 5-7. Points out that the Woggle Bug Book, while not of the quality of Baum's major works, is important "for the light it sheds on Baum's writing at an important period in his career." A225 HAMILTON, MARGARET. "There's No Place Like Oz." Children's Literature 10 (1982):153-55. Reflects on the significance of "home" to the popularity of the Wizard of Oz. A226 HEARN, MICHAEL PATRICK. The Annotated Wizard of Oz. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1973, 384 pp. Hearn's introduction, interspersed with numerous photographs and reproductions of illustrations, some in color, summarizes the book's publication history, its critical reception, and its increasing recognition as literature. Extensive annotations accompany the text. There is an appendix devoted to W.W. Denslow, and an annotated chronological checklist of Baum's writings. Also includes bibliogra phies of writings on Baum and Denslow. A227 -----. "L. Frank Baum and the `Modernized Fairy Tale.'" CLE, n.s. 10, no. 2 (Summer 1979):57-67. Maintains that Baum consciously sought to alter many of the forms of traditional literature and through his experimentation "made a significant contribution to twentieth century juvenile literature." A228 JONES, VERNON H. "The Oz Parade." New Orleans Review 3 (1973):375-78. Summarizes Baum's career and his recently burgeoning critical recognition. A229 LITTLEFIELD, HENRY M. "The Wizard of Oz: Parable on Populism." American Quarterly 16, no. 1 (1964):47-58. Provides a detailed analysis of the first and most popular of the Oz books. Concludes that "Baum's fantasy succeeds in bridging the gap between what children want and what they should have," that he conveyed messages while keeping entertainment foremost. A230 MANNIX, DANIEL P. "The Father of the Wizard of Oz." American Heritage 16 (December 1964):108-9. Provides an illustrated overview of Baum's career and his popular and critical reception. A231 PRENTICE, ANN E. "Have You Been To See the Wizard?" TON 27 (November 1970):32-44. Provides background on Baum and surveys the history of the Oz books' reception by the public, librarians, and critics. Includes a bibliography of secondary sources. A232 SALE, ROGER. "Baum's Magic Powder of Life." Children's Literature 8 (1980):157-63. Reviews recent Baum research. A233 -----. "L. Frank Baum and Oz." In Fairy Tales, pp. 222-43. Sees Baum as a reflection of American optimism. "A good deal of the best of American children's literature is like this; it enchants by its ease, its unselfconsciousness, its naivet‚. And the first to achieve this, and still the best, is Baum." Examines Ozma, The Road to Oz, the Tin Woodman, and Glinda. "The essence of Baum is his restless, careless ease, his indifference to the complexities of life, his eagerness to describe what enchanted him without ever exploring or understanding it." A234 -----. "L. Frank Baum and Oz." Hudson Review 25 (Winter 1972-73):571-92. Provides insights into Baum's "rare gifts," analyzing the essence of his greatness and arguing that his "apparently crushing limitations are really only the defects" of his virtues. A235 SCHUMAN, SAMUEL. "Comic Mythos and Children's Literature--or, Out of the Fryeing Pan and into the Pyre." In It's a Funny Thing, Humour. Edited by Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot. Oxford: Pergamon, 1977, pp. 119-21. Finds evidence of Northrop Frye's archetypal comic pattern in L. Frank Baum's The Wizard of Oz, and in "Hansel and Gretel" and "Jack and the Beanstalk." A236 SMYERS, RICHARD PAUL. "A Librarian Looks at Oz." Library Occurrent 21 (December 1964):190-92. Examines librarians' objections to the Oz series, and the conti nuing and growing enthusiasm of Oz fans. BAUMANN, HANS (1914- ) A237 "Famous Authors of Literature for Youth." Bookbird 3 (1965):19-22. A brief biocritical overview, including a bibliography of Bau mann's books. BAWDEN, NINA (1925- ) A238 BAWDEN, NINA. "A Dead Pig and My Father." CLE, o.s., no. 14 (May 1974):3-13. (Reprinted in Fox, Writers, Critics, and Children pp. 3-14.) Describes some of the experiences she has incorporated in her writing, maintaining "the only real difference between writing for adults or for children is whose eyes I'm looking through." A239 -----. "The Imprisoned Child." In Blishen, Thorny Paradise, pp. 62-64. Discusses why she writes for children. A240 CHAMBERS, AIDAN. "Letter from England: Nina Bawden--Storyteller Argent, Children's Writer Proper." Horn Book 50 (June 1974):264-68. Praises her "clean, uncluttered but well-sculptured style," her characterizations, and her skill in portraying relationships in Carrie's War. A241 CROUCH, MARCUS. The Nesbit Tradition, pp. 46-47. Characterizes A Handful of Thieves as coming "dangerously near to being a model children's novel." A242 INGLIS, FRED. Promise of Happiness, pp. 267-70. Praises Carrie's War, although he feels Bawden lacks "fight." The end of the book "creates, in its straight, workmanlike prose, the reality of what most threatens our children--that they will lose those they most love, uncomprehendingly destroy what they most cherish." A243 JONES, CORNELIA, and WAY, OLIVIA R. British Children's Authors, pp. 41-48. In an interview Bawden discusses her background, philosophy, and method of working. Includes an annotated bibliography of her works. A244 MOSS, ELAINE. "Nina Bawden: An Author for Today." Signal 4 (January 1971):28-33. An appreciative overview. A245 REES, DAVID. "Making the Children Stretch: Nina Bawden." In Marble in the Water, pp. 128-40. Traces Bawden's development as a writer, from The Secret Pas sage to Carrie's War and Peppermint Pig, which he considers her finest work. She demands much from children, but does not offer more than they can grasp. A246 TOWNSEND, JOHN ROWE. A Sounding, pp. 18-29. Traces Bawden's development as writer for children from "fic tional clich‚" to the "wholly admirable" Carrie's War (1973) and The Peppermint Pig (1975). A247 TUCKER, NICHOLAS. The Child and the Book, pp. 147-51. Examines Bawden's treatment of the "misapprehensions" of her child characters, which "are always due to the romantic, sometimes superficial perception of things of younger children's thinking." A248 -----. "Getting Used to Things as They Are: Nina Bawden as a Chil dren's Novelist." CLE, o.s., no. 13 (1974):35-44. Suggests that the tension between realism and fantasy, present to some extent in all fiction, is "particularly evident" in Bawden's work. Attempts to show why this characteristic is especially relevant to the young. BAYNES, PAULINE (1922- ) A249 MOSS, ELAINE. "Pauline Baynes: Mistress of the Margin." Signal 11 (May 1973):88-93. Reports on a visit to Baynes to discuss her life and work. B.B. [Denys James Watkins-Pitchford] (1905- ) A250 FISHER, MARGERY. "`B.B.' as a Writer for Young People." Bookbird 5, no. 3 (1967):21-27. Provides an overview of B.B.'s wide-range of illustrations and writings, from fairy tales to animal stories to nature adventures. A251 RYAN, J.S. "B.B.--Delineator of England's Natural Glories." Orana 19 (February 1983):11-24. Provides an extensive critique of B.B.'s writings and praises his ability to make us "much more imaginatively aware of the myriad perceptions, sympathies, and intuitions available to each one of us." "Beauty and the Beast" A252 MINTZ, THOMAS. "The Meaning of Rose in `Beauty and the Beast.'" Psychoanalytic Review 56, no. 4 (1969-70):615-20. Explores the symbolism of the rose in the context of "Beauty and the Beast." BEHN, HARRY (1898-1973) A253 BADER, BARBARA. American Picturebooks, pp. 485-87. Provides insight into the charm and unique character of the Peter Pauper Press book All Kinds of Time. A254 BEHN, HARRY. Chrysalis. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968, 92 pp. A study of childhood and poetry. Includes reminiscences and comments on children, the creative process, Haiku, and poetry for children. A255 -----. "On Haiku." Horn Book 40 (April 1964):166-67. Comments on the nature of Haiku, with examples from his own translations. A256 -----. "Poetry for Children." Horn Book 42 (April 1966):163-75. Expresses his views about poetry for children, illuminated by examples from his own poetry. A257 GROFF, PATRICK J. "Children's Poetry of Harry Behn." EE 38 (November 1960):441-46. Evaluates Behn's poetry in terms of rhythm, sound, sense, and suggestion. A258 RICHARDSON, CARMEN C. "Harry Behn: Wizard of Childhood." EE 51 (October 1974):975-76, 1002. This appreciative overview seeks the key to Behn's success in communicating both the innocent view of a child and the wisdom of a sage. A259 ROOP, PETER. "Profile: Harry Behn." LA 62 (January 1985):92-94. Finds the key to understanding Behn's poetry for children in Chrysalis and A Golden Hive. A260 RUMMEL, MARY KAY. "Haiku Translations of Harry Behn." LA 58 (April 1981):431-36. Analyzes Behn's approach to Haiku for the classroom teacher. BEISSEL, HENRY (1929- ) A261 CARNEGIE, DAVID. "All Things Have Their Season: Henry Beissel's Children's Drama." CCL 8-9 (1977):74-83. Analyzes the Canadian author's children's and marionette plays. BEMELMANS, LUDWIG (1898-1962) A262 BADER, BARBARA. "Ludwig Bemelmans." American Picturebooks, pp. 47-51. Considers Castle Number Nine "Bemelmans's best story, and also his most interestingly illustrated book," despite the success of the Madeline stories. A263 BEMELMANS, LUDWIG. "Caldecott Award Acceptance." Horn Book 30 (August 1954):270-75. (Reprinted in Junior Bookshelf 18, no. 6 [December 1954]:284-89.) Tells of the origins of Madeline. A264 -----. "The Humor of Ludwig Bemelmans." Publishers Weekly 134 (22 October 1938):1508-10. A brief biocritical overview. A265 -----. "The Story of Bemelmans's Madeline." Publishers Weekly 178 (14 November 1960):16-17. Tells of Madeline's origins. A266 GRAHAM, MARGARET BLOY. "Artist's Choice." Horn Book 31 (December 1955):474-75. Reflections on Parsley, the pictures and text. A267 GROFF, PATRICK J. "The Children's World of Ludwig Bemelmans." EE 43 (October 1966):559-68. (Reprinted in Hoffman, Authors and Illustrators, pp. 6-18.) Relates Bemelmans's life and childhood to his writing and art. Comments on the quality of his work and offers some interpretation. A268 MASSEE, MAY. "Ludwig Bemelmans." Horn Book 30 (August 1954):263-69. Mainly biographical background with an excerpt from Father, Dear Father (1953). A269 ROOT, SHELTON L., Jr. "Ludwig Bemelmans and His Books for Chil dren." EE 34 (January 1957):3-12. Examines Bemelmans's own statements about his writing, inter views Bemelmans's editor, and studies the stories to trace the artist's development as an author-illustrator. Compares earlier efforts (Hansi, The Golden Basket) with some of his less successful books (Parsley, The High World) and the highly successful Madeline Books. BENARY-ISBERT, MARGOT (1889-1979) A270 BENARY-ISBERT, MARGOT. "An Author's Reflections." Library Journal 82 (15 May 1957):1329-34. Talks about her writing, her childhood, and children and reading. Concludes that children need books about people who have struggled against all odds and won because they believed in something, and also about people who succumbed but kept their integrity, "even in defeat." A271 -----. "The Need of Understanding in Our Shrinking World." Horn Book 31 (June 1955):167-76. The author tells how and why her postwar experience led her to write for children, and how she has used some of her experiences in her books. A272 CROUCH, MARCUS. The Nesbit Tradition, pp. 180-82. Reviews The Ark. "Her finest achievement is in the character of Margret, who more than the others carries into peacetime the scars of war." A273 KINGSTON, CAROLYN T. Tragic Mode, pp. 108-10. Analyzes The Ark in terms of its handling of the theme of war. BENT, LAURA (1884-1979) A274 BENET, LAURA. "The Childhood of Genius." Horn Book 14 (Januar y-February 1938):12-18. The author describes her frustrating search for indications in the boy Shelley of the poet who was to come. A275 GRAY, ELIZABETH JANET. "Ariel in the Making." Horn Book 14 (January-February 1938):7-10. A highly favorable review of The Boy Shelley. BENNETT, RAINEY (1907- ) A276 VANDERGRIFT, KAY E. Child and Story, pp. 157-60. Analyzes The Secret Hiding Place in terms of character and playful humor. BERKOVA, DAGMAR (1922- ) A277 STEHLIKOVA, BLANKA. "Czech Artist Dagmar Berkova." Bookbird 13 (1976):67-74. A profile of the Czech illustrator, including lists of illustrations, exhibitions, and awards. BERNA, PAUL (1913- ) A278 CROUCH, MARCUS. The Nesbit Tradition, pp. 40-42. Berna depicts a classless and sexless society in A Hundred Million Franks. "Not since Emil (Kastner) have children been depicted with such spirit and unsentimental affection." Considers it Berna's best. A279 NORRIS, RALPH E. "In Search of a Head." Junior Bookshelf 42, no. 4 (August 1978):183-86. Identifies the horse as a symbol for the gang in A Hundred Mil lion Franks, and discusses the importance of the fact that both are headless. BERTON, PIERRE (1920- ) A280 SIGMAN, JOSEPH. "Pierre Berton and the Romantic Tradition." CCL 7 (1977):21-27. Although Berton's The Secret World of Og is grounded in the conventions of the romantic tradition, Sigman points out that his outlook is essentially hostile to the romantic vision of childhood's dreams and magic. A281 STOTT, JON C. "An Interview with Pierre Berton." CCL 23-24 (1981):4-19. A wide-ranging interview that includes some comments on The Secret World of Og, said to be one of the most popular Canadian children's books of all times. BESKOW, ELSA (1874-1953) A282 ORVIG, MARY. "Elsa Beskow Maartman, 1874-1953." TON 22 (April 1966):240-52. Examines Beskow's work within the context of her life and times. Includes a bibliography of her books, indicating those that have been translated and lists material about Beskow in Swedish. BEST, HERBERT (1894-1981) A283 MacKENZIE, JEAN KENYON. Review of Garram the Hunter. Horn Book 6 (May 1930):155-61. Favorable early review. "A full book, and the reading of it will give a boy a fine full feeling." A284 SCHMIDT, NANCY. Children's Fiction About Africa, pp. 112-14. "Although Garram, an African, is the hero of the novel, the per spective of the novel is Euroamerican." Points out that 1930s ste reotypes of Africa are perpetuated in Garram the Hunter. BILECK, MARVIN (1920- ) A285 BADER, BARBARA. American Picturebooks, pp. 478-80. Praises Bileck's distinctive style of illustration. BISHOP, CLAIRE HUCHET A286 KINGSTON, CAROLYN. Tragic Mode, pp. 10-11. Analyzes All Alone in terms of its theme of rejection. A287 -----. Tragic Mode, pp. 105-7. Analyzes Pancakes-Paris in terms of the theme of war. A288 LANES, SELMA. "A Case for The Five Chinese Brothers." School Library Journal 24 (October 1977):90-91. Defends the book against Albert V. Schwartz's attack. A289 SCHWARTZ, ALBERT V. "The Five Chinese Brothers: Time to Retire." IRBC 8, no. 3 (1977):3-7. Condemns Five Chinese Brothers for peddling racism and misan thropy, and argues that it should be retired. Summarizes the book's reviewing history and quotes Asians who oppose the book. BLAKE, QUENTIN (1932- ) A290 BLAKE, QUENTIN. "Wild Washerwomen, Hired Sportsmen, and Enor mous Crocodiles." Horn Book 57 (October 1981):505-13. Comments on his illustrations, his philosophy of illustrating, and his way of working. A291 MOSS, ELAINE. "Quentin Blake." Signal 16 (January 1975):33-39. Discusses the contributions of the humorist to children's illustra tion. BLAKE, WILLIAM (1757-1827) A292 HEARN, MICHAEL PATRICK. "William Blake's Illustrations for Chil dren's Books." American Book Collector 2, no. 2 (March-April 1981):33-43. Examines Blake's illustrations for children's books, all of which "possess something of the Blakean spirit." BLEGVAD, ERIK (1923- ) A293 BLEGVAD, ERIK. Self-Portrait. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1979, 32 pp. The Danish-born illustrator discusses his life and his work in this self-portrait. BLUME, JUDY (1938- ) A294 CHAMBERS, NANCY, and SALWAY, LANCE. "Endpapers." Signal 30 (September 1979):169-76, passim. Chambers and Salway exchange lengthy comments on Judy Blume and Robert Cormier. A295 COUNCIL ON INTERRACIAL BOOKS FOR CHILDREN. "Old Values Surface in Blume Country." IRBC 7, no. 5 (1976):8-10. Argues that although Blume gives sex the "now" treatment, she depicts mostly traditional middle-class values concerning sex roles, competition, and racial and ethnic issues. A296 DONELSON, KENNETH. "Seventeenth Summer and Forever as Love- Romances." In Literature for Today's Young Adults, pp. 214-15. Analyzes Forever as a love-romance and compares it with Maur een Daly's Seventeenth Summer. A297 EAGLEN, AUDREY. "Answers from Blume Country: An Interview with Judy Blume." TON 34 (Spring 1978):233-43. In an interview Blume discusses many of the issues raised in the IRBC article "Old Values Surface in Blume Country" (A295). Don narae MacCann responds in TON 35 (Fall 1978):33-38. A298 GARBER, STEPHEN M. "Judy Blume: New Classicism for Kids." English Journal 73 (April 1984):56-59. "The main character of a Judy Blume novel is an illustration of a problem." The books are classical in that they focus attention on the middle-class experience; they provide a pattern for life, but they offer only norms, not a transformation of reality. A299 HAMILTON, LYNNE. "Blume's Adolescents: Coming of Age in Limbo." Signal 41 (May 1983):88-96. Although sexual taboos have been lifted, "throughout Blume's novels the age-old image of the female, a dependent, ineffectual creature whose importance can only be derived from a man, remains drooped over its pedestal." Examines Blume's "demystifying" of potentially transforming crises in Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret; Deenie; Tiger Eyes; and Forever. "Her heroines adjust and cope; they do not suffer and change." A300 HAUCK, ROSEANN PHILOMENA. "Judy Blume and Beyond." ERIC Educational Document Reproduction Service, 1982, 14 pp., ED 220 859. Compares teachers' and students' responses to Judy Blume. A301 -----. "The World of Judy Blume." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oregon, 1981, 148 pp., DA 42:3414A. Investigates the world as depicted in nine of Judy Blume's juve nile novels, concentrating on (1) the nature of the environment in the novels, (2) the major problems of the main character, and (3) the values presented. A302 JACKSON, RICHARD W. "Books that Blume." EE 51 (September 1974):779-83. Blume's editor provides insight into the editorial and writing processes. A303 MAYNARD, JOYCE. "Coming of Age with Judy Blume." New York Times Magazine, 3 December 1978, pp. 80-86, 90, 92, 94. Parents comment on Blume's books, particularly Forever. A304 PORTE, BARBARA ANN. "Point of View: What Is It About Books by Judy Blume?" Advocate 2, no. 1 (Fall 1982):44-49. Examines the appeal of Blume's books and concludes part of it lies in the fact that children, like adults, like to read about themselves. A305 REES, DAVID. "Not Even for a One Night Stand." In Marble in the Water, pp. 173-84, Boston: Horn Book, 1980. A highly critical attack on Blume for trivial focus, poor quality language, and moral and social deficiencies. Especially critical of Are You There God, It's Me, Margaret? as "a bore and an embarrassment, a complete waste of one's time. . . . the ultimate in the read-it-and throw-it-away kind of book." A306 ROBERSON, TERRI. "Judy Blume's Forever, and Other Novels: Are Teachers Ready for Them?" Focus: Teaching English Language Arts 3, no. 2 (Winter 1977):35-39. (Also available from ERIC Educa tional Document Reproduction Service, ED 157 082.) Examines in terms of the problems and solutions in a number of Blume's novels. A307 SAUNDERS, PAULA C. "Judy Blume as Herself." Writer's Digest 59 (February 1979):18-24. In an extensive interview Blume discusses herself and her work. A308 SIEGEL, R.A. "Are You There God? It's Me, Me, ME!: Judy Blume's Self-Absorbed Narrators." L&U 2 (Fall 1978):72-77. The key to Blume's popularity lies in the way her narrative tech niques "are used to communicate a style of experiencing and perceiv ing the self and the world and a definition of what it means to be a pre-adolescent child in suburban America." Concludes that her books are "poor nourishment for the imagination of children." A309 WINTLE, JUSTIN, and FISHER, EMMA. Pied Pipers, pp. 308-20, Blume discusses her life and work in an interview. BLYTON, ENID (1897-1968) A310 BARKER, KEITH. "The Use of Food in Enid Blyton's Fiction." CLE, n.s. 13, no. 1 (Spring 1982):4-11. Blyton "carried the use of food in her books to new heights (or, perhaps, depths) and in so doing demonstrated the manipulation of both her readers and her own subconscious creative forces." A311 BLISHEN, EDWARD. "Who's Afraid of Enid Blyton?" Where, July 1967. (Reprinted in Culpan, Variety Is King, pp. 79-82.) Argues that Blyton's banality dampens the imagination. He sus pects that Blyton's supporters find "her bland insipid world, with its strict nursery basis, a comforting one." A312 CADOGAN, MARY, and CRAIG, PATRICIA. You're A Brick, pp. 336-47. Sees "a decline in the adventure story which culminates in the books of Enid Blyton." Analyzes Blyton's appeal to children and uses Six Bad Boys ("perhaps [her] nastiest story") as an example of her techniques and her use of the "happy family" motif. A313 CULLINGFORD, CEDRIC. "Why Children Like Enid Blyton." New Society 9 (August 1979):290-91. Maintains that "the attraction lies precisely in the predictability that teachers often so object to." A314 DIXON, BOB. "The Nice, the Naughty and the Nasty: The Tiny World of Enid Blyton." CLE, o.s., no. 15 (1974):43-61. (Reprinted in Catching Them Young, pp. 56-73.) Examines Blyton's ideological basis, as pronounced in her prefaces and as exemplified in the Famous Five series. An editorial comment by Kenneth Sterck follows. Brian Alderson responds in CLE, o.s., no. 17 (Summer 1975):101-3. A315 DOHM, JANICE. "The Work of Enid Blyton." In Ford, Young Writ ers, Young Readers, pp. 99-106. (Also in Journal of Education and reprinted in Culpan, Variety is King, pp. 83-88.) Analyzes the reasons for Blyton's popularity. A316 INGLIS, FRED. Promise of Happiness, pp. 186-91. "No book which aims to deal ambitiously with children's reading can simply condemn the novels of Enid Blyton and have done with her. . . . Enid Blyton invites children to hold her hand on a walk through an adventure recounted with such flatness both of diction and of representation that any reader could be sure that no threat either to experience or to technique lurked in any sentence." A317 McKELLAR, PETER. "Enid Blyton." In Meek, Cool Web, pp. 222-25. (Reprinted from Imagination and Thinking: A Psychological Analysis [London: Cohen & West, 1957].) Blyton describes her writing process. A318 RAY, SHEILA. The Blyton Phenomenon. London: Andre Deutch, 1982, 246 pp. The first half of the book concentrates on the history of the public's reception and rejection of Blyton's books, whereas the second half examines the question of why children like her books and ana lyzes critical consideration of her Noddy and nursery stories, pp. 132-39; her fantasies, pp. 140-51; her holiday adventure stories, pp. 152-70; her detective fiction, pp. 171-77; her circus stories, pp. 178-84; her family stories, pp. 185-94; and her school stories, pp. 195-200. Includes a bibliography of criticism and Blyton's books. A319 SHAVIT, ZOHAR. "The Portrayal of Children in Popular Literature. The Case of Enid Blyton." In Escarpit, Portrayal of the Child, pp. 315-32. Finds that Enid Blyton and Carolyn Keene exemplify the way writers of popular children's literature manage to create temporary illusions of "an exclusive children's world." A320 STONEY, BARBARA. Enid Blyton. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1974, 252 pp. Concentrates on biography rather than criticism. A321 TINDALL, GILLIAN. Review. New Statesman (27 September 1974):434. Reviews Barbara Stoney's biography of Enid Blyton, finding it "never quite gets to grips with the peculiar element of Enid Blyton's tractive but positively repulsive to many adults." A322 TUCKER, NICHOLAS. "The Blyton Enigma." CLE, o.s., no. 19 (Winter 1975):191-97. (Reprinted in Culpan, Variety is King, pp. 72-78.) Surveys reviews of Barbara Stoney's unflattering biography and takes up a cudgel in Blyton's defense. She was "on the child's side" and also "mastered her craft as a novelist." Explores other reasons for her popularity with children despite critical disapproval. A323 -----. The Child and the Book, pp. 105-16. Provides fascinating insights into Blyton's appeal for children: the child heroes, the reliance on clich‚ and simplification that allows the stories to "move at a truly spanking pace," her identification with the child's own "egocentric, quasi-magical views about life," the "theme of children having everything their own way." Maintains that Blyton was sometimes a "more skillful writer for children than she has been given credit for," and suggests further avenues of approach to her work. A324 WELCH, COLIN. "Dear Little Noddy." Encounter 10, no. 1 (January 1958):18-22. (Reprinted in New Zealand Libraries 21, no. 9 [1958].) A parent complains of lack of depth in the highly popular Noddy books. "In this witless, spiritless, snivelling, sneaking doll the children of England are expected to find themselves reflected." A325 WOODS, MICHAEL. "The Uses of Blyton." New Society, 19 Septem ber 1974, pp. 731-33. Surveys teachers' views of Blyton's books. Finds hostility soften ing. A326 WRIGHT, PETER. "Five Run Away Together--Should We Let Them Back?" English in Education 14, no. 1 (Spring 1980):16-22. Argues that Blyton's books provide children with "a sense of security . . . a resting place," and that many of her questionable attitudes "are being defused by the passage of time." BOND, MICHAEL (1926- ) A327 BLOUNT, MARGARET. "Animals are Equal: A Bear in a London Family." In Animal Land, pp. 307-22. Analyzes Paddington as a bear who "has joined the human race without the transition really showing." A328 BOND, MICHAEL. "Jumping in at the Deep End: On Writing for Children." Horn Book 56 (June 1980):335-39. The creator of Paddington Bear discusses his background, meth ods, and goals in writing. A329 JONES, CORNELIA, and WAY, OLIVIA R. British Children's Authors, pp. 49-54. In an interview Bond discusses his background, philosophy, and method of working. Includes an annotated bibliography of his works. BONHAM, FRANK (1914- ) A330 BONHAM, FRANK. "The World of Rufus Henry." Horn Book 42 (February 1966):34-36. Tells of exploring the world of gangs as background for Durango Street. BONTEMPS, ARNA (1902-73) A331 BONTEMPS, ARNA. "The Lonesome Boy Theme." Horn Book 42 (December 1966):672-80. Reflects upon the significance of the lonesome boy theme in his own works. A332 -----. "Sad-Faced Author." Horn Book 15 (January-February 1939):7-12. The story behind the Sad-Faced Boy. BORLAND, HAL (1900-1978) A333 BELL, LOREN C. "The Onion and When the Legends Die." English Journal 73 (November 1984):56-57. Outlines eight layers in Tom Black's circular journey back to "the heart of things." BORN, ADOLPH (1930- ) A334 STEHLåKOVà BLANKA. "Adolf Born and the Development of Czech Book Illustration for Children." Phaedrus 9 (1982):22-26. An in-depth discussion of Born's work within the context of the development of Czech book illustration. BOSTON, LUCY M. (1892- ) A335 BLATT, GLORIA. "Profile: Lucy M. Boston." LA 60 (February 1983):220-25. Reports on a visit to Boston at her home, with comments on the way its various elements have been worked into her stories. Includes photographs and a bibliography of works by Boston. A336 BOSTON, LUCY M. "Christmas at Green Knowe." Horn Book 31 (December 1955):471-73. A description of Green Knowe, particularly of events in the music room at Christmas time, and how these helped to inspire Bos ton's fantasies. A337 -----. "The Place That Is Green Knowe." Junior Bookshelf 26 (December 1962):295-302. (Reprinted in Horn Book 39 [June 1963]:259-64 and in Meek, Cool Web, pp. 216-21 as "A Message from Green Knowe.") Discusses her house, "which is the underlying symbol" in all her books, her conception of children's books as works of art, and a little of her background. A338 CAMPBELL, ALASDAIR. "Children's Writers: 4. Lucy Boston." School Librarian 26 (September 1978):212-17. Attempts to convince librarians that Boston is "potentially a popular author, as well as an outstandingly good one." A339 CHAMBERS, AIDAN. "Why the Children of Green Knowe?" In "The Reader in the Book." Signal 23 (May 1977):64-68. (Reprinted in Chambers, Signal Approach, pp. 267-75.) Applies the critical theory of the "implied reader" to The Chil dren of Green Knowe. A340 CROUCH, MARCUS. "Lucy Boston at 80." Junior Bookshelf 36, no. 6 (December 1972):355-57. Brief critical reflections on Boston's work. A341 HOLLINDALE, PETER. "The Novels of L.M. Boston." In Butts, Good Writers, pp. 25-33. Surveys Boston's dominant themes, the sense of place, of space, of time. Sees "continuity and change" as her most important themes, and "displacement" as a close second. Relates her fiction to her autobiography, Memory in a House. A342 JONES, CORNELIA, and WAY, OLIVIA R. British Children's Authors, pp. 55-64. In an interview Boston discusses her background, philosophy, and method of working. Includes an annotated bibliography of her works. A343 MEEK, MARGARET. "A Private House." In Meek, Cool Web, pp. 325-30. (Also in TLS, 15 June 1973.) Uses Boston's autobiography, Memory In a House, as a basis for examining her fiction. A344 REES, DAVID. "Green Thought in a Green Shade--L.M. Boston." In Painted Desert, pp. 1-16. Contends that A Stranger at Green Knowe and An Enemy at Green Knowe are the best of the Green Knowe books, and agrees with John Rowe Townsend that The Sea Egg is her best work. Con cludes that it is "the power of a particular place" that distinguishes Boston and gives her work a richness. A345 ROBBINS, SIDNEY. "A Nip of Otherness, Like Life: The Novels of Lucy Boston." CLE, o.s., no. 6 (1971):5-16. Praises Boston's originality and depth. "Here is, surely, a `classic' series of children's stories which, though hardly `safe' in any superficial sense, will set free and extend the imagination and feeling of those children who are enabled to absorb them." A346 ROSE, JASPER. Lucy Boston. New York: Henry Z. Walck, 1965, 71 pp. Includes a biographical sketch and vivid personal impressions of Boston. Emphasizes her appeal to a wide range of ages, her skill and excellence as a writer, her plotting, her mysteriousness, and her affinities with the Victorians. A347 ROSENTHAL, LYNNE. "The Development of Consciousness in Lucy Boston's The Children of Green Knowe." Children's Literature 8 (1980):53-67. A Jungian analysis that sees the work in terms of its attempt to help children with the uncertainty of modern life by providing "images and processes by which they might recover lost wholeness." The recurring image of the ark and the theme of rescue are explored. A348 STOTT, JON C. "From Here to Eternity: Aspects of Pastoral in the Green Knowe Series." Children's Literature 11 (1983): 145-55. "Whereas most pastorals show the impossibility of escaping the destructiveness of time, the Green Knowe books imply that those who have fully experienced and completely committed themselves to the pastoral world will always remain part of it." A349 TOWNSEND, JOHN R. Sense of Story, pp. 28-38. Discusses Boston's house as the center for her tales, but praises the Sea Egg, which is dominated by the sea, not the house, as her finest book. A350 TRAVERS, P.L. "World Beyond World." Book Week, 7 May 1967, pp. 4-5. (Reprinted in Haviland, Children and Literature, pp. 246-49.) Discusses The Sea Egg and The Green Knowe Books. Points out that in Boston's work "one is never aware that any of the stories has either beginning or end, the point of view is always mature, and the characters are perfectly balanced and juxtaposed, like those in a fairy tale." A351 WINTLE, JUSTIN, and FISHER, EMMA. Pied Pipers, pp. 277-84. Boston discusses her life and work in an interview. BOUTET DE MONVEL, MAURICE (1850-1913). A352 HEARN, MICHAEL PATRICK. "Maurice Boutet de Monvel: Master of the French Picture Book." Horn Book 55 (April 1979):170-81. An overview of the career, chief accomplishments, significance and influence of the French illustrator. A353 LANES, SELMA G. "A Second Look: Joan of Arc." Horn Book 58 (February 1982):79-83. Analyzes Boutet de Monvel's successful techniques of illustration in this review of a new edition of his classic Joan of Arc. Boy's Own Paper A354 MOYLES, R.G. "A Boy's Own View of Canada." CCL 34 (1984):41-56. Discusses the images of Canada conveyed by The Boy's Own Paper. BRADBURY, RAY (1920- ) A355 DIMEO, RICHARD STEVEN. "The Mind and Fantasies of Ray Brad bury." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Utah, 1970, 236 pp., DA 31:3541A. Explores "the opinions, characters, and central themes of Ray Bradbury for the autobiographical and psychological implications of his symbolism." A356 DOMINIANNI, ROBERT. "Ray Bradbury's 2026: A Year with Current Value." English Journal 73 (November 1984):49-51. Suggest approaches to The Martian Chronicles, particularly the short story "August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains," for the secondary classroom. BRANFIELD, JOHN (1931- ) A357 McMAHON-HILL, GILLIAN. "John Branfield's Novels: `Writing About Real Issues.'" CLE, o.s., no. 12 (September 1973):29-41. Explores John Branfield's handling of "real issues" of contempo rary settings in two novels for young adults, Nancecuke and Sugar Mouse. BRAZIL, ANGELA (1869-1947) A358 FREEMAN, GILLIAN. The Schoolgirl Ethic: The Life and Works of Angela Brazil. London: Allen Lane, 1976, 160 pp. Traces interrelationships between Brazil's life and her books. A359 MARSH, GEVEN. "Angela Brazil." Junior Bookshelf 12 (March 1948):27-31. Points out ways in which Brazil stands apart from her imitators. BRENNAN, NICHOLAS (1948- ) A360 CHAMBERS, AIDAN. "Letter from England: Look Out for Olaf." Horn Book 51 (February 1975):26-30. Praises Brennan's originality, his ablility to draw popular and contemporary sources together, to create a work entirely his own. Discusses Jasper and the Giant, The Wonderful Potion and Other Stories, and Olaf's Incredible Machine. BRIDGERS, SUE ELLEN (1942- ) A361 BRIDGERS, SUE ELLEN. "People, Families and Mothers." ALAN Review 9, no. 1 (Fall 1981):1, 36. (Also in ERIC Educational Docu ment Reproduction Service, ED 208 419.) The writer discusses her difficulty in telling people what her books are "about," notably Home Before Dark, All Together Now, and Notes for Another Life, and makes an attempt to do so. BRIGGS, KATHERINE M. (1898-1980) A362 HODGES, MARGARET. "Katherine M. Briggs: A Memoir." CLE, n.s. 12, no. 4 (1981):209-13. A363 MOSS, ELAINE. "K.M. Briggs: Novelist." Signal 30 (September 1979):133-39. Discusses the folklorist's novels Hobberdy Dick and Kate Crack ernuts. These demonstrate "through story the important part played in the lives of the people in seventeenth-century England and Scot land by their belief in hobgoblins, ghosts, witchcraft, and devil worship." A364 PHILIP, NEIL. "The Goodwill of Our Hearts: K.M. Briggs as Novel ist." Folklore 92, no. 2 (1981):155-59. Discusses Hobberdy Dick and Kate Crackernuts. BRIGGS, RAYMOND (1934- ) A365 BRIGGS, RAYMOND. "That Blooming Book." Junior Bookshelf 38, no. 4 (August 1974):195-96. Tells of the origins of Father Christmas. A366 CHAMBERS, AIDAN. "Letter from England: Fungus, Encore." Horn Book 56 (February 1980):88-90. Chambers champions the controversial Fungus the Bogeyman, explaining why he thinks it one of the most significant children's books of the last ten years. A367 FRITZ, JEAN. "The House That Jack Built." Horn Book 42 (Decem ber 1966):681-3. Describes the way in which Briggs's Mother Goose illustrations fulfill the images in her own mind and experience. A368 MOSS, ELAINE. "Raymond Briggs: On British Attitudes to the Strip Cartoon and Children's Book Illustration." Signal 28 (January 1979):26-33. In an interview Briggs discusses the strip cartoon as a combina tion of two art forms--the narrative and the illustrative--and expresses dismay that the form is not given the critical attention and appreciation he feels it deserves. Fungus the Bogeyman and Father Christmas are also commented upon at length. BRINK, CAROL RYRIE (1895-1981) A369 BRINK, CAROL RYRIE. "Caddie Woodlawn; Newbery Medal Winner 1936: Her History." Horn Book 12 (July-August 1936):248-50. Excerpt from the Newbery Medal acceptance speech. The story behind Caddie Woodlawn. A370 HADLOW, RUTH M. "Caddie Woodlawn." EE 37 (April 1960): 221-26, 237. An enthusiastic appreciation pointing out key incidents and strong points of the book. A371 ODLAND, NORINE. "Carol Ryrie Brink and Caddie Woodlawn." EE 45 (April 1968):425-28, 451. Discusses the book's background and the methods used in writing it. BRINSMEAD, H[ESBA] F[AY] (1922- ) A372 BRINSMEAD, H.F. "How and Why I Write for Young People." Book bird 7, no. 4 (1969):24-26. The author explains her motivation for writing and describes "how" she writes; includes an extended example from Sapphire for September. A373 McVITTY, WALTER. "Hesba Fay Brinsmead: Truth and Romantic Vision." In Innocence and Experience, pp. 133-62. Sees Brinsmead's apparently realistic teenage fiction as actually representing a "fusion between truth and romantic vision." Includes a brief biographical sketch, Brinsmead's own comments, and a bibliog raphy of her books. A374 TOWNSEND, JOHN ROWE. Sense of Story, pp. 39-47. Praises Brinsmead's sympathy for the young people she writes about, her strongly realized settings, and her vitality, although he faults her sometimes unsatisfactory story structure and unmemorable male characters. Discusses Beat of the City. BRISLEY, JOYCE LANKESTER (1896-1978) A375 FACTOR, JUNE. "Joyce Lankester Brisley: An Appreciation." CLE, n.s. 10, no. 4 (Winter 1979):163-73. A study of the Milly-Molly-Mandy stories that, despite their currently unpopular didacticism, retain an appeal. Classifies Brisley as a major "minor" writer. BROOKE, L[EONARD] L[ESLIE] (1862-1940) A376 BROOKE, HENRY. Leslie Brooke and Johnny Crow. London: Freder ick Warne, 1982, 144 pp. This biography and memoir by Brooke's son includes many com ments on Brooke's illustrations and stories and their origins. Includes many reproductions and a checklist of books illustrated by Brooke. A377 CROUCH, MARCUS S. "Homage to Leslie Brooke." Junior Bookshelf 16, no. 2 (July 1952):86-93. Finds in Brooke's work both "painstaking technical ability and infinite personal kindliness." Ranks him among the very best. A378 HOGARTH, GRACE. "A Second Look: Johnny Crow." Horn Book 59 (February 1983):77-80. Suggests that the key to Brooke's success continued to appeal to children may be that he was with his own children when he created his books. A379 Horn Book. "L. Leslie Brooke." 17, no. 3 (May-June 1941). Special Issue. Contains a variety of tributes and appreciations, including a biographical sketch by Anne Carroll Moore and a fine critical analysis by Lillian H. Smith. (Smith's article is reprinted as "A Canadian Tribute to Leslie Brooke" in Fryatt, Horn Book Sampler, pp. 224-27.) A380 MOORE, ANNE CARROLL. "Leslie Brooke: Pied Piper of English Picture Books." Horn Book 1 (November 1924):10-13. (Reprinted in Fryatt, Horn Book Sampler, pp. 60-62.) Primarily an appreciative overview. BROOKS, NOAH (1830-1903) A381 STREET, DOUGLAS. "The Fairport Nine, The American Boy's First Baseball Novel." Proceedings of the Children's Literature Association 8 (1981):91-97. Argues that the one-hundred year old novel, the first to use the sport of baseball as its framework, is still worth reading because of "a remarkably vibrant quality about the writing." BROOKS, WALTER R[OLLIN] (1886-1958) A382 CART, MICHAEL. "Freddy, St. Peter, and Me." CLE, n.s. 14, no. 3 (Autumn 1983):142-48. Reminisces about growing up with the Freddy books and examines the qualities they represented. A383 SALE, ROGER. Fairy Tales, pp. 245-58. Analyzes the Freddy books, especially Wiggins for President. Describes Brooks as an author "that anyone can carry around through one's days, because one's days have many situations in them very much like Brooks's." BROWN, JAMIE A384 BLACKBURN, WILLIAM. "The Metaphor or the Moral? Didacticism in Contemporary Adolescent Fiction." CCL 27-28 (1982):175-76. Suggests that with Superbike! Brown has arrived at a "way of teaching without moralizing or condescending." BROWN, MARCIA (1918- ) A385 BADER, BARBARA. "Marcia Brown." In American Picturebooks, pp. 313-22. Traces Brown's career and her development as an artist. A386 BROWN, MARCIA. "Big and Little: Caldecott Award Acceptance." Horn Book 38 (August 1962):342-46. The story behind Once a Mouse. An account by Helen Adams Master of Brown's career in the years between 1955 and 1962 fol lows, pp. 347-52. A387 -----. "Caldecott Award Acceptance." Horn Book 31 (August 1955):279-90. Tells about her background, her philosophy of illustrating chil dren's books, and the background of some of her books. A bio graphical sketch by her editor, Alice Dalgliesh, follows, pp. 291-95. A388 -----. "Caldecott Medal Acceptance." Horn Book 59 (August 1983):414-22. Analyzes the origins of Shadow, the techniques she used to create it, and the effect she wanted to achieve. A biographical sketch by Janet A. Lovanger follows, pp. 423-26. A389 -----. "My Goals as an Illustrator." Horn Book 43 (June 1967):305-16. Discusses her goals, techniques, and the necessity of matching the illustration to the work. Also speaks of trends in illustration and three of her own works: Once A Mouse, The Wild Swans, and "The Story of Paka'a and His Son Ku." A390 -----. "Shadow: The Voice of Illustration." Advocate 3, no. 1 (Fall 1983):12-18. Reviews the origins of Shadow and defends it against critics who see it as stereotyped. A391 HOWARD, ELIZABETH F. "Shadows and Marcia Brown's Shadow." Horn Book 59 (October 1983):621-23. Discusses some of the controversial interpretations and accusations of racial stereotypes that have surrounded Shadow. A392 KENT, NORMAN. "Marcia Brown: Author and Illustrator." American Artist 27 (January 1963):26-31. A brief biocritical overview. A393 PAINTER, HELEN W. "Marcia Brown: A Study in Versatility." EE 43 (December 1966):841-55, 876. An overview of her life and work, stressing her versatility. Includes references. A394 WILSON, GERALDINE. Review. IRBC 14, nos. 1&2 (1983):33-34. Feels the book caricatures the religious life of another people in a stylized and disrespectful manner, and reinforces stereotypes of Africa and Africans that have been combatted in recent decades. BROWN, MARGARET WISE (1910-52) A395 BADER, BARBARA. American Picturebooks, pp. 215-29 passim, 252-64. Discusses her contributions to the books published by the William R. Scott company on pages 215-29, and provides in-depth interpreta tions of her creations, particularly Good-Night Moon, in the latter section. A396 BECHTEL, L.S. "Margaret Wise Brown: `Laureate of the Nursery.'" Horn Book 34 (June 1958):172-86. (Reprinted in Hoffman, Authors and Illustrators, pp. 19-27.) A brief bio-critical overview and personal recollection. A397 BLIVEN, BRUCE, Jr. "Child's Best Seller." Life 21 (2 December 1946):59-66. Brown discusses her life and work in this illustrated interview. A398 HEINS, ETHEL L. "A Second Look: The Noisy Books." Horn Book 52 (December 1976):646-47. Explores the appeal of The Noisy Books to the young child. A399 MARCUS, L.S. "Legend of Margaret Wise Brown." Publishers Weekly 224 (22 July 1983):74-76. Summarizes the enduring aspects of Brown's achievements. "No writer since . . . has achieved a voice and vision so knowlingly alert to the sensual immediacies and actual concerns of persons newly aware of the world beyond their toes." A400 SAUL, E. WENDY. "Children's Literature: A View from the Great Green Room." Advocate 2, no. 1 (Fall 1982):16-24. Applies techniques suggested by Aidan Chambers in "The Reader in the Book" to Good-Night Moon, and compares this interpretation with the responses recorded in two parent diaries. A401 SENDAK, MAURICE. "Artist's Choice." Horn Book 31 (August 1955):296-97. Analyzes the appeal of The Two Little Trains, this "miracle" of bookmaking. BROWN, PALMER (1919- ) A402 BADER, BARBARA. American Picturebooks, pp. 492-94. Discusses the distinguishing characteristics of Brown's four books. BROWN, ROY (1921-82) A403 SHADIOW, LINDA. "The Author as Villain: The Treatment of Out siders in Four Roy Brown Mysteries." ALAN Review 9 (Fall 1981):6-7. (Also in ERIC Educational Document Reproduction Ser vice, ED 208 419.) Accuses Brown of "adding to the fear, uneasiness, and misunder standing many young adult readers already feel" toward the mentally ill, the retarded, and other people characterized as "outsiders." BROWNE, ANTHONY (1923- ) A404 CHAMBERS, AIDAN. "Letter from England." Horn Book 56 (April 1980):211-14. Praises Shirley Hughes and Anthony Browne as foremost repre sentatives of a new wave of English picture-book making. A405 -----. "Letter from England: Making Them New." Horn Book 57 (December 1981):703-8. Analyzes Charles Keeping's illustrations for The Highwayman and Browne's for Hansel and Gretel as examples of revitalizing old tales. A406 DOONAN, JANE. "Talking Pictures: A New Look at Hansel and Gre tel." Signal 42 (Sept