LOGAN: LAWS OF LEARNING (Basic Processes) July 2004 RESPONSE DIFFERENTIATION: Excitation Historic Stimulus Independent Variables Contents Paradigmatic/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdependent-Operation REHC>>1:00. Delayed Response RG****hrH Behavioral/Natural/Social/Emotionally-Neutral Effect REHC>>2:00. Vicarious (Observational) Differentiation RG****qoH Systematic Analyses of Vicarious Differentiation Learning RG****qHz Relevant Uncoded Root-Abstracts Relevant(?) Unabstracted/Uncoded Literature REHC>>1:00. Delayed Response RG****hrH Many O choose baited alternative w/delay B4 choice. Delayed-R perf decr-f(delay) w/indiv/age/species differences. Delayed-R perf facil w/spatial cue, w/w/out maintain orient. Note relation of delayed-R to lrng set perf. CCPH Perf same-R after delay w/varying Ss B4 release - - - - - - Cow,EA'23- xGEO Monkeys/5-yr-old boys perf delayed R w/w/out spatial cues - Tin,OL'28- Report hesitatn/search beh w/change qual/quant food lure Tin,OL'28- OVPO 10-min non-spatial delayed-R, w/10-mo retention of prob - - Yer,RM'28- COLH Correct delayed R over an hour w/out maint orientation Ada,DK'29- RVCH After B/W trng, perf delayed R re position of brief S+ - - Hon,CH'31- xVPO W/2 concur delayed R, baboons > monkey > lemur - - - - - - Har,HF'32- xVPO Re delayed-R, gibbon = orangitan > monkey > lemur - - - - - Har,HF'32e Note indiv diff in delayed-R w/"representative factors" Har,HF'32e xVPH Delayed-R after see baiting boxes in several diff rooms - - Tin,OL'32- Above w/same > diff containers in up to 10 rooms Tin,OL'32- Reports surprise/search beh w/change to less-pref lure Tin,OL'32- Chimps > monkeys re above delayed-R Tin,OL'32- MVRO W/brief cue re R+, perf decr-f(delay), incr-f(practice) - - Fol,JP'34+ Signif perf w/30-40 sec delayed R w/out maint orient Fol,JP'34+ MCOH Delayed-R perf efficiency incr-f(pref for orance > bread) - Mas,AH'34+ NVLH W/string-pull R, delayed R facil by separation of food cups Nis,HW'36e Above delayed R not facil by separation of string ends Nis,HW'36e ROL- Limited evidence of delayed R w/out postural orient - - - - Tru,CK'36e RVPH Delayed w/large>small reward if receive larger, not same rf Cow,JT'37+ M Delayed Har,HF'39+ NxPO Little effect of added visual cue to spatial delayed-R - - Nis,HW'41+ FCPH Minnows acq 4-sec delayed-R, inferior to rats - - - - - - - Sch,PH'48- OCPU Octopus perf delayed-R only w/trained R w/maint orient - - Sch,PH'49- RxPH Door signs facil long-delayed R w/removal during delay - - Han,JH'50- MCPO No effect of reserpine on delayed-R - - - - - - - - - - - - Hal,JF'55e DxP- Delayed R perf decr after total-body X irradiation - - - - DMa,A.'56e DfC- Must 1st orient to S; then make delay R w/out maint orient Law,W.'59- MVLH Acq "indirect" delayed-R re lite cue to baited box of 5 - - Rio,AJ'59- Above perf lowest w/baited box centralmost in array Rio,AJ'59- Above perf w/all boxes lited < dark during test Rio,AJ'59- Above perf w/mixed < constant delay, decr w/screened Ss Rio,AJ'59- RVPH W/4-choice delayed-R, perf w/design cue on door > all white Bli,WD'60- mOLO Delayed-R perf incr-f(age) to asymptote at 9-mo - - - - - - Har,HF'60e OVPH Delayed-R perf w/preferred > nonpreferred bait w/gibbon - - Ber,G.'62- Delay-R perf incr w/food dep w/non-prefer bait w/gibbon Ber,G.'62- MVPH Females > males re delayed-R; both improve w/practice - - - MDo,AA'62e MCPH Delayed-R incr-f(ITI), esp w/long-delay tr - - - - - - - - Gle,H.'63e MNPH Delay-R perf incr-f(2/26/50-hr dep) w/lsn-impaired/normals Gro,CG'63- Delayed-altern perf not-f(2/26/50-hr food dep) Gro,CG'63- MVPO Delayed-R perf as-f(delay) w/squirrel monkey sim to macaque Tre,FR'64- MVPO Delayed-R perf w/lighted > darkened context - - - - - - - - Kin,JE'66+ dVPH Max delayed-R incr-f(4/8/12/16-day age) - - - - - - - - - - Fox,MW'67+ M Title: Incentive visibility in delayed R - - - - - - - - - Har,HF'71e MVPO Delayed-R w/old (18-yr) < young (3-5-y4), not-f(dep) - - - Bar,RT'78e RCPH 75-sec delay-R re location of hidden food re environ shape Mar,J.'88+ REHC>>2:00. Vicarious (Observational) Differentiation RG****qoH Some O acq R topography via observation, esp conspecific. MOLO Fail to observe imitation of manipulation problem - - - - - Wat,JB'08- OCLH W/raccoon, no imitation of climbing up a step for food - - She,WT'11- MVOO Main lrng by T&E and elim mvmts, w/imitation by female - - Kin,AJ'13- MVOO Instinctive imitation in 1 rhesus in separate cages - - - - Kin,AJ'13- MCLH Lrng w/T&E and imitation, but imitation poor for beh mod - Kem,EJ'16- xOOH Neg result of imitation in use of rake w/chimp/ourang - - - She,WT'23- MSxO Emit R lrnd alone vs imitate diff reinf R of other O - - - Avo,G.'30+ MSCH Monkey imitated cat lapping milk rather than normal sucking Bal,J.'38- MSPO W/macaque, imitation facil R-emission but not altern perf - Str,FF'76- SVPO Observe human try to solve prob-->0 choose correct picture Pre,D.'78+ NOOO Chimp more observant of chimp than human demonstrate tool - Sum,K.'85e MSXX Title: Do monkeys ape? (Parker) - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vis,E.'90+ NOOO Title: Social lrng in tool use - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nag,K.'93e OSOO Ident true imitatn (observatnal lrng) w/free-ranging orangs Rus,AE'93+ xSOO 3-4-hr-old children, not orangs imitate prob-solving acts - Cal,J.'95+ Above w/human/orangutan models Cal,J.'95+ QSOO Imitate R-topography (peck or step on treadle) after model Aki,CK'96+ xSOO Title: Imitative lrng w/children/chimps - - - - - - - - - Whi,A.'96e NSOO Observe imitation of sequential actions and techniques - - Whi,A.'98- stematic Analyses of Vicarious Differentiation Learning RG****qHz Hypo: Vol R initiated by anticipatory fdbk. Hypo: Automatic implicit R-imitation if R in repertoire. Above hypo imply vicarious acq R-produced fdbk-outcome assn. MVLH Rhesus can learn by imitation to a limited extent - - - - - She,WT'10- xSOO Observation Daw,BV'65+ hxxO Modeling facil acq of variety of Rs, not simple mimicry - - Zim,BJ'74+ Relevant Uncoded Root-Abstracts Relevant(?) Unabstracted/Uncoded Literature hSO Title: Imitation as-f(R-familiarity) - - - - - - - - - - - Sie,JR'73-