UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO/FALL SEMESTER 2016

HISTORY 300/012: HISTORY OF FASCISM

Professor E. A. Sanabria

Book Presentation/Book Review

As you know your grade is based on your performance on our two exams (the final and the midterm); a primary source-based paper on Fascist Italy and one based on Nazi Germany (details soon to come); and an oral presentation to the class on a historical monograph of your choosing that you will also review for a third paper to me. Here are some notes on that particular assignment.

In order to demonstrate your ability to read a secondary text critically and analytically, you are to select ONE of the following books on this list and prepare a review of the work due on the day you present the book and the author’s arguments, use of sources, and evaluate the book to the class. You may feel somewhat unqualified to complete such an assignment because, after all, the author of the book is the “professional historian.” However, even though you can’t write from the same level of experience and knowledge as the author, you can write an effective reviewer of what the author wrote and how effectively he proved the point or theses of his book. Your review should begin with a careful, active, and critical reading in which you keep the author’s thesis in mind, noting the evidence she uses to support that thesis, asking the a number of important evaluative questions (Who is the author? Where did they earn their credentials? Who published the book? Is it a scholarly press or a press usually geared for a broader readership? When was the text written? Do the footnotes/endnotes and bibliography reference other important works on the same topic? Does the author agree or disagree with others who have written on the subject? What type of sources does the author use to build her book? Might there be primary source material that you know of that the author doesn’t consult? Does the author build his argument on any unsubstantiated assumptions?).

A book review should not simply summarize the content of a book nor merely report your reaction to the book (i.e., this book was boring.”). Rather, when writing a review, you not only report on the content of the book and your response to it but you also its strengths and weaknesses, as these are behind your positive or negative assessment. So, for example, it is not enough to say “this book is not very good”; you need to explain or justify your reaction through an analysis of the book. Did you find the book unconvincing because the author did not use enough primary evidence? Did you disagree with the book’s underlying assumptions? Did the book have a well-written and original thesis supported by convincing evidence?

There is no one correct way to structure a review, but here is one possible approach: 1) Summarize the book and relate the author’s main point or thesis; 2) describe the author’s viewpoint and purpose for writing, including noting any aspects of the author’s background that are important for understanding the book; 3) note the most important evidence the author presents to support his/her thesis; 4) evaluate the author’s use of evidence; 5) compare this text with other books or articles the author mentions, usually in the introduction or in early chapters, that are also on this same subject; and 6) conclude with a final evaluation of the book, perhaps suggesting who might find this book useful and why.

This paper is due on the day of your presentation (we will have sign ups for presentations after Fall Break and will be on a first come first served status via email); late papers will be docked 1/3 of a letter grade for every day they are late. The paper should be 5-6 pages double spaced. Any of the books below should work, and ideally, each student will write on one specific book. The book you choose will also be the subject of your student presentation. In your presentation, briefly summarize the authors’ argument, describe her use of sources, identify your favorite part of the book (or that you found most convincing/effective), identify a problem with the book (if any), and then evaluate the book overall: tell your classmates if the book you chose is a good study for students in a History of fascism course, and why or why not.

FRANCE

Carroll, D. French Literary Fascism. Princeton, NJ, 1995.

Curtis, M. Three against the Third Republic: Sorel, Barrès, and Maurras. Princeton, NJ, 1959.

Doty, C. S. From Cultural Rebellion to Counterrevolution: The Politics of Maurice Barrès. Athens, OH, 1976.

Douglas, A. From Fascism to Libertarian Communism: Georges Valois against the French Republic. Berkely, CA, 1992.

Gordon, B. M. Collaboration in France during the Second World War. Ithaca, NY, 1980.

Halls, W. D. The Youth of Vichy France. Oxford, 1981.

Novick, P. The Resistance versus Vichy. New York, 1968.

Paxton, R. O. Vichy France, New York, 1972.

Roth, J. J. The Cult of violence: Sorel and the Sorelians. Berkeley, 1980.

Rousso, H. The Vichy Syndrome. Cambridge, MA, 1991.

Soucy, R. Fascism in France: The Case of Maurice Barrès. Berkeley, 1972.

--------. Fascist Intellectual: Drieu La Rochelle. Berkeley, 1979.

--------. French Fascism: The First Wave, 1924-1933. New Haven, CT, 1986.

Stearns, Peter. Revolutionary Syndicalism and French Labor. New Brunswick, NJ, 1971.

Sternhell, Zeev. Neither Right nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France. Berkeley, CA, 1986.

Sutton, W. Nationalism, Positivism, and Catholicism: The Politics of Charles Maurras and French Catholics, 1890-1914. New York, 1982.

Sweets, J. F. Choices in Vichy France. New York, 1986.

Tannenbaum, Edward R. The Action Française: Die-Hard Reactionaries in Twentieth Century France

Webster, P. Pétain’s Crime: The Complete Story of French Collaboration in the Holocaust. Chicago, 1990.

GERMANY, NAZISM, HITLER

Allen, William Sheridan. The Nazi Seizure of Power: The Experience of a Single German Town, 1922-1945. Danbury, CT, 1984.

Bachrach, Susan and Steven Luckert. State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda. New York, 2009.

Barkai, A. Nazi Economics. New Haven, CT, 1990.

Barnett, V. For the Soul of the People: Protestant Protest against Hitler. New York, 1993.

Bessel, R. Political Violence and the Rise of Nazism: The Storm Troopers in Eastern Germany, 1925-1934. New Haven, CT, 1974.

Beyerchen, A.D. Scientists under Hitler: Politics and the Physics Community in the Third Reich. New Haven, CT, 1977.

Blackburn, G. W. Education in the Third Reich. Albany, 1985.

Bracker, K. D. The German Dictatorship.

Bramstead, E. K., Goebbels and National Socialist Propaganda, 1925-1945. London, 1965.

Branwell, A. Blood and Soil: Richard Walther Darré and Hitler’s “Green Party”. Bourne End, 1985.

Browder, G. C. Foundations of the Nazi Police State: The Formation of Sipo and SD. Lexington, KY, 1990.

Bullock, Andrew. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York, 1964.

Burden, H. The Nuremberg Party Rallies, 1923-39. New York, 1967.

Burleigh Michael. Germany turns Eastward: A Study of “Ostfroschung” in the Third Reich. Cambridge, 1988.

Burleigh, Michael and W. Wipperman. The Racial State: Germany, 1933-1945. Cambridge, MA, 1993.

Burrin, P. Hilter and the Jews. New York, 1994.

Carr, W. Hitler: A Study in Personality. New York, 1979.

Ceicel, R. The Myth of the Master Race: Alfred Rosenberg and Nazi Ideology. London, 1972.

Ceplair, L. Under the Shadow of War: Fascism, Anti-Fascism and Marxists, 1918-1939. New York, 1987.

Combs, W. L., The Voice of the SS: A History of the SS Journal “Das Schwarze Corps.” New York, 1986.

Conway, J.S. The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945. New York, 1968.

Corni, G. Hitler and the Peasants, 1930-1939. New York, 1990.

Crew, D. Nazism and German Society, 1933-1945 (London, 1994).

Davidson, E. The Making of Adolf Hitler. New York, 1977.

Eley, G. From Unification to Nazism. Boston, 1986.

Evans, R. J. Rethinking German History: Nineteenth Century Germany and the Origins of the Third Reich. London, 1987.

Feldman, G. D. The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics, and Society in the German Inflation, 1914-1924. New York, 1993.

Fest, J. The Faces of the Third Reich. New York, 1970.

--------. Hitler. New York, 1974.

Fritzsche, P. Germans into Nazis. Cambridge, MA, 1999.

--------.Life and Death in the Third Reich. Cambridge, MA, 2009.

Fischer, C. The German Communists and the Rise of Nazism. New York, 1991.

Fischer, F. From Kaiserreich to Third Reich. New York, 1986.

Gellately, Robert. Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany. Oxford, 2002.

--------. The Gestapo and German Society. Oxford, 1990.

Gillingham, J. Industry and Politics in the Third Reich. New York, 1985.

Glaser, H. The Cultural Roots of National Socialism. Austin, TX, 1978.

Goodrick-Clarke, N. The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and their Influence on Nazi Ideology. London, 1985.

Gordon, H. J. Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch. Princeton, NJ, 1984.

Grunberger, R. A Social History of the Third Reich. London, 1971.

Hale, O. J. The Captive Press in the Third Reich. Princeton, NJ, 1984.

Hamilton, R. F. Who Voted for Hitler? Princeton, NJ, 1982.

Hoffman, P. The History of the German Resistance, 1933-1945. Cambridge, MA, 1977.

--------. German Resistance to Hitler. Cambridge, MA, 1988.

Homze, E. L. Foreign Labor in Nazi Germany. Princeton, NJ, 1967.

Hull, D. S. Film in the Third Reich. Berkeley, CA, 1969.

Jones, L. E., German Liberalism and the Dissolution of the Weimar Party Syste, 1918-1933. Chapel Hill, NC, 1988.

Kater, M. H., The Nazi Party: A Social Profile of Members and Leaders, 1919-1945. Cambridge, MA, 1983.

--------. Doctors under Hitler. Chapel Hill, NC, 1989.

Kershaw, Ian. Hitler. Profiles in Power Series. London, 2000.

--------. The “Hitler Myth”: Image and Reality in the Third Reich. Oxford, 2001.

--------. Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich: Bavaria, 1933-1945. New York, 1983.

--------. The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation. London, 1985.

Koch, H. W. The Hitler Youth. New York, 1976.

--------. In the Name of the Volk: Political Justice in Hlter’s Germany. New York, 1989.

Koehl, R. The Black Corps: The Structure and Power Struggle of the Nazi SS. Madison, WI, 1983.

Koonz, C. The Nazi Conscience. Cambridge, MA, 2005.

Koshar, Rudy. Social Life, Local Politics and Nazism: Marburg, 1880-1935. Chapel Hill, NC, 1986.

Macrakis, K. Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany. New York, 1993.

Mason, T. W. Social Policy in the Third Reich. Providence, RI, 1993.

McKale, D. M. The Nazi Party Courts. Lawrence, KS, 1974.

Mitchell, O.C. Hitler’s Nazi State. New York, 1989.

Mosse, George L. The Crisis of German Ideology: Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich. New York, 1964.

--------. Nazi Culture. New York, 1966.

--------. Germans and Jews. New York, 1970.

--------. Nazism: A History of Comparative Analysis of National Socialism. New Brunswick, NJ: 1978.

Muhlberger, D. Hitler’s Followers. London, 1991.

Nicholls, A. J. Weimar and the Rise of Hitler. New York, 1991.

Nicosia, F.R. and L. D. Stokes, Germans against Nazism. New York, 1991.

Noakes, J. The Nazi Party in Lower Saxony, 1921-1933. London, 1971.

Overy, Richard J. The Nazi Economic Recovery. London, 1982.

--------. Göring, the Iron Man. London, 1984.

Peukert, Detlev. Inside Nazi Germany: Conformity, Opposition, and Racism in Everyday Life. New Haven, CT, 1989.

Pois, R. A. National Socialism and the Religion of Nature. New York, 1986.

Pool, J. and S. Pool. Who Financed Hitler? New York, 1978.

Pridham, G. Hitler’s Rise to Power: The History of the NSDAP in Bavaria, 1923-1933. London, 1973.

Proctor, R. W. Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. Cambridge, MA: 1988.

Pulzer, P. The Rise of Political Anti-Semitism in Germany and Austria. Cambridge, 1988.

Rempel, G. Hitler’s Children: The HitlerYouth and the SS. Chapel Hill, NC, 1989.

Rhodes, J. TheHitler Movement: A Modern Millenarian Revolution. Stanford, CA, 1980.

Rosenbaum, R. Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of his Evil. New York, 1999.

Rosenhaft, E. Beating the Fascist? The German Communists and Political Violence, 1929-1933. Cambridge, 1983.

Rummel, R. J. Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder. New Brunswick, NJ, 1992.

Rutherford, W. Hitler’s Propaganda Machine. New York, 1978.

Schoenbaum, D. Hitler’s Social Revolution. New York, 1966.

Schramm, P. E. Hitler: The Man and the Military Leader. Chicago, 1971.

Sklar, D. Gods and Beasts: The Nazis and the Occult. New York, 1978.

Smith, B. Adolf Hitler: His Family, Childhood, and Youth. Stanford, CA, 1967.

--------. Heinrich Himmler: A Nazi in the Making, 1900-1926. Stanford, CA, 1971.

Smith, B. F. The Road to Nuremberg. New York, 1981.

Smith, W. D. The Intellectual Origins of Nazi Imperialism. New York, 1986.

Snyder, L. L. Hitler’s Elite. New York, 1989.

Stachura, P.D. Nazi outh in the Weimar Republic. Santa Barbara, CA, 1975.

--------. Gregor Strasser and the Rise of Nazism. London, 1983.

Steinberg, M. P. Sabers and Brownshirts: The German Students’ Path to National Socialism, 1918-1935. Chicago, 1977.

Steinweis, A. S. Art, Ideology, and Economics in Nazi Germany. Chapel Hill, NC, 1993.

Stern, J. P. Hitler: The Führer. Glasgow, 1975.

Tilton, T. Nazism, Neonazism, and the Peasantry. Bloomington, IN, 1975.

Toland, J. Adolf Hitler. New York, 1976.

Turner, Jr., H. A. German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler. New York, 1985.

Ullrich, V. Hitler: Ascent, 1889-1939. New York, 2016.

Walker, M. German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power, 1939-1949. New York, 1989.

Welch, D. Propaganda and the German Cinema, 1933-1945. New York, 1985.

--------. The Third Reich: Politics and Propaganda. London, 2002.

Wolff, R. J. Between Pope and Duce: Catholic Students in Fascist Italy. New York, 1990.

ITALY, FASCISM, MUSSOLINI

Adamson, W. Avant-Garde Florence: From Modernism to Fascism. Cambridge, MA, 1993.

Bongiorno, J.W. Fascist Italy and the Disarmament Question, 1928-1934. New York, 1992.

Bosworth, R. J. B., The Italian Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives in the Interpretation of Mussolini and Fascism (New York, 1998).

Cardoza, A. L. Agrarian Elites and Italian Fascism: The Province of Bologna, 1901-1926. Princeton, NJ, 1983.

Capri, D. Between Hitler and Mussolini: The Jews and the Italian Authorities in France and Tunisia. Boston, 1994.

DeGrand, A. J., The Italian Nationalis Association and the Rise of Fascism in Italy. Lincoln, NE, 1978.

--------. Italian Fascism. Lincoln, NE, 1982.

Dombrowski, R. Mussolini: Twilight and Fall. London, 1956.

Fornari, H. Mussolini’s Gadfly: Roberto Farinacci. Nashville, TN, 1971.

Forsyth, D. J. The Crisis of Liberal Italy. New York, 1993.

Gregor, A. J. Italian Fascism and Developmental Dictatorship. Princeton, NJ, 1979.

--------. Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism. Berkeley, 1979.

Kirkpatrick, I. Mussolini: A Study in Power. New York, 1964.

Knox, M. Mussolini Unleashed, 1939-1941. Cambridge, 1982.

Koon, T. J. Believe, Obey, Fight: Political Socialization of Youth in Fascist Italy, 1922-1943. Chapell Hill, NC, 1985.

Lyttelton, A. The Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy, 1922-1929. New York, 1973.

Mallett, Robert. Mussolini and the Origins of World War II, 1933-1940. New York, 2003.

Mancini, E. The Struggle of the Italian Film Industry during Fascism, 1930-1935. Ann Arbor, MI, 1985.

Marrus, Michael R. The Holocaust in Italy. London, 1988.

Pollard, J. F. The Vatican and Italian Fascism, 1929-1932. Cambridge, 1985.

Roberts, D. D. The Syndicalist Tradition and Italian Fascism. Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.

Robertson, E. M. Mussolini as Empire-Builder: Europe and Africa, 1932-1936. New York, 1977.

Rosengarten, F. The Italian Anti-Fascist Press (1919-1945). Cleveland, 1968.

Sarti, Roland. Fascism and the Industrial Leadership in Italy, 1919-1940. Berkeley, 1971.

Shorrock, W. I. From Ally to Enemy: The Enigma of Fascist Italy in French Diplomacy. Kent, OH, 1988.

Smith, D. M. Mussolini’s Roman Empire. New York, 1976.

--------. Mussolini. New York, 1982.

Snowden, F. The Fascist Revolution in Tuscany, 1919-22. Cambridge, 1989.

Tannenbaum, E. The Fascist Experience: Society and Culture in Italy, 1922-1945. New York, 1972.

Weinberg, L. B. After Mussolini: Italian Neo-Fascism and the Nature of Fascism. Washington, DC, 1979.

FASCISM, WAR, DIPLOMACY, WORLD WAR II, AND THE HOLOCAUST

Baer, G. The Coming of the Italo-Ethiopian War. Cambridge, MA, 1967.

Bankier, D. The Germans and the Final Solution. Oxford, 1992.

Browning, Christopher, Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland (New York, 1993)

--------. The Path to Genocide. New York, 1992.

Brooker, P. The Faces of Fraternalism: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan. Oxford, 1991.

Burqwyn, H. J. Italian Foreign Policy in the Inter-War Period, 1918-1940. Westport, CT, 1997.

Carroll, B. A. Design for Total War: Arms and Economics in the Third Reich. The Hague, 1968.

Cassels, Adrian. Mussolini’s Early Diplomacy. Princeton, NJ, 1970.

Cooper, M. The German Army, 1933-1945. New York, 1978.

Deist, W. The Wehrmacht and German Rearmament. Toronto, 1981.

Fleming, G. Hitler and the Final Solution. Berkeley, CA, 1984.

Hitler

Friedlander, Saul. Prelude to Downfall: Hitler and the United States, 1939-1941. New York, 1967.

--------. The Years of Execution: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933-1945 (New York, 2008).

Gasman, D. The Scientific Origins of National Socialism: Social Darwinism in the Ernst Haeckel and the German Monist League. New York, 1971.

Goldhagen, D. J. Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York, 1997.

Hancock, E. National Socialist Leadership and Total War, 1941-45. New York, 1991.

Harsch, D. German Social Democracy and the Rise of Nazism. Chapel Hill, NC, 1993.

Hayward, N.F. and D. J. Morris, The First Nazi Town. New York, 1988.

Helmreich, E.C. The German Churches under Hitler. Detroit, 1979.

Herf, Jeffrey. The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda during World War II and the Holocaust. Cambridge, MA, 2008.

Hildebrand, K. The Foreign Policy of the Third Reich. London, 1973.

Kallis, A. Nazi Propaganda and the Second World War. New York, 2008.

Kershaw, Ian. Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution. New Haven, CT, 2009.

Kindermann, G. K. Hilter’s Defeat in Austria, 1933-1934: Europe’s first Containment of Nazi Expansionism. Boulder, CO, 1987.

Knox, M. Common Destiny: Dictatorship, Foreign Policy, and War in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Cambridge, 2000.

Mallett, Robert. The Italian Navy and Fascist Expansionism, 1935-1940 (Portland, OR, 1998).

Steinert, M. Hitler’s War and the Germans. Athens, OH, 1977.

Stephenson, Jill. Hitler’s Home Front: The Nazis in the German Countryside. Hambledon and London, 2006.

Stoakes, G. Hitler and the Quest for World Domination: Nazi Ideology and Foreign Policy in the 1920s. Leamington Spa, 1987.

FASCISM IN IBERIA

Ben Ami, S. Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923-1930. Oxford, 1983.

Blinkhorn, M. Carlism and Crisis in Spain, 1931-39 (Cambridge, 2008).

Bowen, W. Spaniards and Nazi Germany: Collaborators in the New World Order. Columbia, MO, 2000.

Cazorla, A. Fear and Progress: Ordinary Lives in Franco’s Spain. West Sussex, 2011.

--------. Franco: The Biography of Myth. London, 2013.

Costa Pinto, A. The Blue Shirts: Portuguese Fascism and the New State. New York, 2000.

--------. Salazar’s Dictatorship and European Fascism. New York, 1996.

Ellwood, S. M. Spanish Fascism in the Franco Era. London, 1978.

Foard, D. W. The Revolt of the Aesthetes: Ernesto Giménez Caballero and the Origins of Spanish Fascism. New York, 1989.

Payne, S.G. Fascism in Spain, 1923-77. Madison, WI, 2000.

--------. The Franco Regime, 1936-1975. Madison, WI, 1987.

Preston, P. The Politics of Revenge: Fascism and the Military in Twentieth-Century Spain. London, 1990.

Raby, David L. Fascism and Resistance in Portugal: Communists, Liberals, and Military Dissidents in Opposition to Salazar, 1941-1974 (Manchester, 1991).

Robinson, R. A. H. The Origins of Franco’s Spain. London, 1970.

Schmitter, P.C. Corporatism and Public Policy in Authoritarian Portugal. Beverly Hills, CA, 1975.

WOMEN AND FASCISM

De Grazia, V., The Culture of Consent: Mass Organization of Leisure in Fascist Italy. Cambridge, 1981.

--------. How Fascism Ruled Women: Italy, 1929-1945. Berkeley, CA and Los Angeles, 1992.

Durham, M. Women and Fascism. London, 1998.

Gattens, M., Women Writers and Fascism: Reconstructing History. Gainesville, FL, 1995.

Gottlieb, Julie M. Feminine Fascism: Women in Britain’s Fascist Movement. London, 2000.

Heinemann, Elizabeth. What Difference Does a Husband Make? Women and Marital Status in Nazi and Postwar Germany. Berkeley, CA, 1999.

Koonz, Claudia. Mothers in the Fatherland: Woman, the Family, and Nazi Politics. London, 1988.

Passerini, Luisa. Fascism in Popular Memory. Cambridge, 2009.

Pickering-Iazzi, R. Mothers of Invention: Women, Italian Fascism, and Culture. Minneapolis, 1995.

Pollard, M. Reign of Virtue: Mobilizing Gender in Vichy France. Chicago, 1998.

Stephenson, Jill. Women in Nazi Society. New York, 1976.

FASCISM BEYOND EUROPE AND WORLD WAR II

Alexander, R. J. The Perón Era. New York, 1951.

Batkay, W. M., Authoritarian Politics in a Transitional State: Istvan Bethlen and the Unified Party in Hungary, 1919-1926. New York, 1982.

Bell, L. V. In Hitler’s Shadow: The Anatomy of American Nazism. Port Washington, NY, 1973.

Benewick, R. Political Violence and Public Order: A study of British Fascism. London, 1969.

Butnaru, I.C. The Silent Holocaust: Romania and its Jews. New York, 1992.

Carsten, F. L. Fascist Movements in Austria from Schönerer to Hitler. London, 1977.

Childers, T. The Nazi voter. Chapel Hill, NC, 1983.

Conway, M. Collaboration in Belgium: Léon Degrelle and the Rexist Movement in Belgium, 1940-1944. New Haven, CT, 1993.

Crasweller, R. D. Perón and the Enigmas of Argentina. New York, 1987.

Cross, C. The Fascists in Britain. New York, 1963.

Diamond, S. A. The Nazi Movement in the United States, 1924-1941. Ithaca, NY, 1974.

Field, G. G. Evangelist of Race: The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain. New York, 1981.

Furlong, P. J. Between Crown and Swastika: The Impact of the Radical Right no the Africkaner Nationalist Movement in the Fascist Era. Hanover, NH, 1991.

Gelott, L. The Catholic Church and the Authoritarian Regime in Austria, 1933-1938. New York, 1990.

Gillingham, J. Belgian Business in the Nazi New Order. Ghent, 1977.

Hirschfeld, G. Nazi Rule and Dutch Collaboration. New York, 1988.

Humphrewys, L. A., The Way of the Heavenly Sword: The Japanese Army in the 1920s. Stanford, CA, 1994.

Janos, A. C. The Politics o f Backwardness in Hungary, 1825-1945. Princeton, NJ, 1982.

Jellinek, Y. The Paris Republic: Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party, 1939-1945. Boulder, CO, 1976.

Jenks, W. Vienna and the Young Hitler. New York, 1960.

Karvonen, L. From White to Blue-and-Black: Finnish Fascism in the Inter-War Era. Helsinki, 1988.

Kasza, G. J. the State and the Mass Media in Japan, 1918-1945. Berkeley, CA 1988.

King, D. Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism. New York, 1989.

Kofas, J. V. Authoritarianism in Greece: The Metaxas Regime. Boulder, CO, 1983.

Kuhl, S. The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German Nationalism. New York, 1993.

Lacko, M. Men of the Arrow Cross. Budapest, 1969.

Lewis, D. S. Illusions of Grandeur: Mosley, Fascism, and British Society, 1931-1981. Manchester, 1987.

Lewis, J. Fascism and the Working Class in Austria, 1918-1934. New York, 1991.

Mandle, W. F. Anti-Semitism and the British Union of Fascists. London, 1968.

Manning, M. The Blueshirts. Dublin, 1970.

Mazower, M. Inside Hitler’s Greece. New Haven, CT, 1993.

McGee Deutsch, S. Counterrevolution in Argentina: The Argentine Patriot League. Lincoln, NE, 1986.

McKale, D.M. The Swastika Outside Germany. Kent, OH, 1977.

Meskill, J.M. Hitler and Japan. New York, 1964.

Milward, A. The Fascist Economy in Norway. Oxford, 1972.

Newton, R. C. The “Nazi Menace” in Argentina, 1931-1947. Stanford, CA, 1992.

Parming, T. The Collapse of Liberal Democracy and the Rise of Authoritarianism in Estonia. London, 1975.

Pauly, B. F. Hitler and the Forgotten Nazis: A History of Austrian Natinal Socialism. Chapel Hill, NC, 1981.

--------. From Prejudice to Persecution: A History of Austrian Anti-Semitism. Chapel Hill, NC, 1992.

Potash, R. The Army and Politics in Argentina, 1928-1945. Stanford, CA, 1969.

Redman, T. Ezra Pound and Italian Fascism. New York, 1990.

Schmitz, D. F. The United States and Fascist Italy, 1922-1940. Chapel Hill NC, 1988.

Shillony, B. A. Revolt in Japan: The Young Officers and the February 26, 1936 Incident. Princeton, NJ, 1973.

--------. Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan. Oxford, 1981.

Thurlow, R. Fascism in Britain: A History, 1918-1985. Oxford, 1987.

Tomasevich, J. War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: The Chetniks. Stanford, CA, 1975.

FASCISM, GENERAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES

Blinkhorn, Martin. Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment of Twentieth Century Europe. Cambridge, 1990.

DeFelice, Renzo. Fascism: An Informal Introduction to its Theory and Practice. New Brunswick, NJ, 1976.

--------. Interpretations of Fascism. Cambridge, MA, 1977.

Germani, G. Authoritarianism, Fascism, and National Populism. New Brunswick, NJ, 1978.

Ghirardo, D. Building New Communities: New Deal America and Fascist Italy. Princeton, NJ, 1989.

Gregor, A. J. The Ideology of Fascism. New York, 1969.

Griffin, Roger. The Nature of Fascism. London, 1991.

Hewitt, A. Fascist Modernism. Stanford, CA, 1993.

Leeden, M. A. Universal Fascism. New York, 1972.

Luebbert, G. M. Liberalism, Fascism, or Social Democracy. New York, 1991.

Luza, R. Austro-German Relations in the Anschluss Era. Princeton, NJ, 1975.iHH

Nolte, Ernst. Three Faces of Fascism. New York, 1966.

Weber, Eugen. Varieties of Fascism. New York, 1964.

Documentation Style

Because this is an upper division History course, I would be remiss if I didn’t require you to document your sources using the style used by the historians’ profession: Chicago Manual of Style footnotes or endnotes. In general, the first citation of a book or article should be complete. For example:

² Richard Herr, An Historical Essay on Modern Spain (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1971), p. 47.

Subsequent references to that book can look like this:

³Herr, 112.

Here’s an example of an article citation:

¹Bruce Lincoln, “Revolutionary Exhumations in Spain, July 1936,” in Comparative Studies in Society and History, 27, no. 2 (April 1985): 241-260.

Any library reference section should have a copy of the Chicago Manual of Style for you to consult, or simply Google “Chicago Manual of Style” to find examples of Chicago style footnotes or endnotes.

Because so many of our primary sources come in edited collections, here’s an example of how to cite from the Griffin book:

³Paul de Lagarde, Deutsche Schriften, in Fascism, Roger Griffin, ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995) 98-99.