AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857)

AND POSITIVISM

What is positivism?

“In the positive state, the mind has given over the vain search after absolute notions, the origin and destination of the universe, and the causes of phenomena, and applies itself to the study of their laws. Reason and observation, duly combined, are the means of this knowledge.” (Comte, 1830)

· Positivism rejects theology and requires a “systematic subordination of imagination to observation.” (Comte)

· Positivism uses the scientific method to analyze social phenomenon.

Characteristics of positivism:

1. “The first characteristic of the positive philosophy is that it regards all phenomena subject to natural laws. Our real business is to analyze accurately the circumstances of phenomena, and to connect them by the natural relations to succession and resemblance.” (Comte)

· Comte’s vision is a methodology, not an end condition. The means determine the end. The means are the end. “It is impossible to form a conception of a true political system, radically different from that amidst which we live.” (Comte)

· “Wherever there is any system, a certain interconnection must exist.” (Comte)

2. “The positive method can be judged of only in action. We may talk forever about the method…without knowing half so much about it as the person who has once put it in practice upon a single particular of actual research.” (Comte)

· Applying the positivist method encourages understanding.

The implications of positivism:

1. “The positive philosophy will lead us to a social condition the most comfortable to human nature, in which our characteristic qualities will find their most perfect respective confirmation, their completest mutual harmony, and the freest expansion for each and all.”

· Positivism will lead to a state of self and mutual fulfillment.

2. “When positivism has become complete, its supremacy will take place spontaneously, and will re-establish order throughout society.”

· “Spontaneously”: naturally

· “Supremacy”: “the system that must prevail among the human race”

For Thought:

· Can we fully understand the human condition using strictly the scientific method, that is, using reason and observation?

· Can positivism bring social harmony?