GENDER AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Susan Tiano, Spring, 2001

Office hours: 1-4 Mondays

1056 Social Science, 277-5931,

And they shall beat their pots and

Nations of women shall lift up their

voices with nations of other women

Neither shall they accept discrimination

-Mary Chagnon

This seminar focuses on women in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, exploring their historical and current circumstances in light of the changing global political-economy. The contrasting approaches of "liberal feminism," "socialist feminism," and "post-structural feminism" provide the major theoretical frameworks for the course. The course begins with an analysis of the impact of colonialism, capitalism, and globalization on Third World women and men. It then assesses how changing trends in the global system, and corresponding transformations in modes of production and reproduction, are affecting women's lives. Throughout the course, we will view women as active agents, and consider their economic, political, and subjective responses to their changing circumstances.

SEMINAR FORMAT AND REQUIREMENTS

Class sessions will be devoted to structured and semi-structured class discussions. Class members' regular attendance and active participation in discussions are essential. Assigned readings should be completed prior to each week's session. Written assignments include an annotated bibliography and a paper dealing with a topic within the field of gender and development. (I urge each participant to discuss her/his topic with me during the early part of the course.) These written assignments are due May 4.

Seminar participants should purchase the following books:

So, Alvin, Social Change and Development. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990.

Tiano, Susan, Patriarchy on the Line: Labor, Gender, and Ideology in the Mexican Maquila Industry. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1994.

Additional reading materials will be placed on reserve.

Week 1 Introduction: Discussion of Aims and Focus of the Seminar

Week 2 Theoretical Perspectives on Development: Modernization Theory

Required Readings

So, Alvin, Social Change and Development, Chapters 1-4.

Recommended Readings

Mouton, 1970, pp. 32-54.

Rostow, W.W., "The Stages of Economic Growth," in D. Novack and R.

Lekachman (eds.) Development and Society. New York: St. Martins, 1969.

Deutsch, Karl, "Social Mobilization and Political Development," American

Political Science Review, Vol. 55 (1961) pp. 493-514.

Gusfield, Joseph, "Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the

Study of Social Change," American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 72 (January

1967) pp. 351-362.

Week 3 Theoretical Perspectives on Development: Dependency Theory and World System Theory

Required

So, Alvin, Social Change and Development, Chapters 5-11.

Recommended

Baran, Paul, "On the Political Economy of Backwardness," in Charles Wilber

(ed.) The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment. New

York: Random House, 1979, pp. 91-103.

Frank, Andre, "The Development of Underdevelopment," in Charles Wilber

(ed.) The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment. New

York: Random House, 1979, pp. 103-113.

O'Brien, Philip, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in

Oxaal, Barnett, and Booths (eds.) Beyond the Sociology of Development.

Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975, pp. 7-27.

Furtado, Celso, "The Concept of External Dependence," in C. Wilber (ed.)

The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment. Random House,

1979, pp. 118-123.

Evans, Peter, Dependent Development. Princeton University Press, 1979.

Wallerstein, Immanuel, "On the Study of Social Change," in his The Modern

World System. New York: Academic Press, 1974, pp. 3-11.

Chirot, Daniel, Social Change in the Twentieth Century. Harcourt Brace

Jovanovich, 1977.

Chirot, Daniel and Tomas Hall, "World-System Theory," Annual Review of

Sociology, Vol. 8, 1982.

Week 4 Theoretical Perspectives on Gender: Liberal Feminism, Developmentalism, Radical Feminism

Required

Jaggar, Alison, "Liberal Feminism and Human Nature," in her Feminist

Politics and Human Nature. Sussex: The Harvester Press, 1983, pp. 27-50.

Jaquette, Jane, "Women and Modernization Theory: A Decade of Feminist

Criticism," World Politics, Vol. 34, 1982, pp. 266-284.

Tiano, Susan, "The Public-Private Dichotomy: Theoretical Perspectives on

'Women in Development'" The Social Science Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4

(October 1984) pp. 11-28.

Tinker, Irene, "The Adverse Impact of Development on Women," in I. Tinker

and M. Bramsen (eds.) Women and World Development. Overseas Development

Council, 1976, pp. 22-34.

Jaggar, Alison, "Radical Feminism and Human Nature," in her Feminist

Politics and Human Nature. Sussex: Harvester Press, 1983, pp. 83-122.

Recommended

(Liberal Feminism):

Mill, John Stuart, "The Subjection of Women," in Alice Rossi (ed.) Essays

in Sex Equality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.

Deckard, Barbara, "Theories of Women's Liberation," in her The Women's

Movement. New York: Harper and Row, 1975, pp. 444-466.

(Developmentalism):

Boserup, Esther, Women's Role in Economic Development. New York: St.

Martin's, 1970, pp. 15-154.

Elliott, Carolyn, "Theories of Development," in Wellesley Editorial

Committee (eds.) Women and National Development. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 1977, pp. 1-8.

Boserup, Esther, "Economic Change and the Roles of Women," in Irene Tinker

(ed.) Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development. New York:

Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 14-24.

Blumberg, Rae Lesser, "Fairy Tales and Facts: Economy, Family, Fertility,

Youssef, Nadia, "Women in Development: Urban Life and Labor," in Irene

Tinker and Michele Bo Bramsen (eds.) Women and World Development.

Washington, D.C.: Overseas Development Council, 1976, pp. 70-77.

Week 5 Theoretical Perspectives on Gender: Marxist Feminism and Socialist Feminism

Required

Jaggar, Alison, "Traditional Marxism and Human Nature," in her Feminist

Politics and Human Nature. Sussex: Harvester Press, 1983, pp. 51-82.

Jaggar, Alison, "Socialist Feminism and Human Nature," in her Feminist

Politics and Human Nature. Sussex: Harvester Press, 1983, pp. 123-167.

Eisenstein, Zillah, "Developing a Theory of Capitalist Patriarchy and

Socialist Feminism," in Z. Eisenstein (ed.) Capitalist Patriarchy and the

Case for Socialist Feminism. New York: Monthly Review Press, pp. 5-40.

Recommended

Leacock, Eleanor, "Introduction," to Frederick Engels, The Origin of the

Family, Private Property, and the State. New York: International

Publishers, 1975, pp. 7-67.

Sacks, Karen, "Engels Revisited: Women, the Organization of Production,

and Private Property," in R. Reiter (ed.) Toward An Anthropology of

Women. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975, pp. 157-210.

Saffioti, Heleieth, "Author's Introduction," to her Women in Class

Society. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978, pp. 3-30.

Lane, Ann, "Women in Society: A Critique of Frederick Engels," in B.

Carroll (ed.) Liberating Women's History. Urbana: University of Illinois

Press, 1976, pp. 4-25.

Kaplan, Temma, "A Marxist Analysis of Women and Capitalism," in J.

Jacquette (ed.) Women and Politics. New York: Wiley, 1974, pp. 257-266.

McDonough, Roisin and Rachael Harrison, "Patriarchy and Relations of

Production," in A. Kuhn and A. Wolpe (eds.) Feminism and Materialism.

London: Routledge, 1978, pp. 11-41.

Rubin, Gayle, "The Traffic in Women: Notes on Political Economy of Sex,"

Rayna Reiter (ed.) Toward an Anthropology of Women. New York: Monthly

Review Press, 1975, pp. 157-210.

Hartmann, Heidi and Ann Markusen, "Contemporary Marxist Theory and

Practice: A Feminist Critique," Review of Political Economics, Vol. 12

(Summer 1980) pp. 87-94.

Beneria, Lourdes and Gita Sen, "Accumulation, Reproduction, and Women's

Role in Economic Development: Boserup Revisited," Signs, Vol. 7, No. 2

(1981) pp. 279-298.

Week 6 Theoretical Perspectives on Gender: Post-Structuralist Approaches and

Required

Marshall, Barbara, "Gendered Identities," from her Engendering Modernity:

Feminism, Social Theory and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press,

1994, pp. 95-120.

Scott, Joan, "Deconstructing Equality-Versus-Difference: or, The Uses of

Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism," in Anne Herrmann and Abigail

Stewart (eds.) Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends in the Humanities

and Social Sciences. Boulder: Westview, 1994, pp. 358-371.

Ong, Aihwa, "Colonialism and Modernity: Feminist Re-presentations of

Women in Non-Western Societies," in Anne Herrmann and Abigail Stewart

(eds.) Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends in the Humanities and Social

Sciences. Boulder: Westview, 1994, pp. 372-381.

Hirshman, Mitu, "Women and Development: A Critique," in Marianne Marchand

and Jane Parpart (eds.) Feminism/Postmodernism/Development. London:

Routledge, 1995, pp. 42-55.

Mohanty, Chandra, "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial

Discourses," in Chandra Mohanty, Anne Russo, and Lourdes Torres (eds.)

Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana

University Press, 1991.

Bordo, Susan, "Feminism, Postmodernism, and Gender Skepticism," in Anne

Herrmann and Abigail Stewart (eds.) Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends

in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Boulder: Westview, 1994, pp.

458-481.

Recommended:

Haraway, Donna, "A Cyborg Manifesto," in Anne Herrmann and Abigail

Stewart (eds.) Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends in the Humanities

and Social Sciences. Boulder: Westview, 1994, pp.424-457.

Mohanty, Chandra, "Introduction: Cartographies of Struggle," in Chandra

Mohanty, Anne Russo, and Lourdes Torres (eds.) Third World Women and the

Politics of Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991, pp.

1-47.

Ong, Aihwa, "The Gender and Labor Politics of Postmodernity," Annual

Review of Anthropology, Vol. 20, 1991, pp. 279-309.

Hare-Mustin, Rachel, and Jeanne Marecek, "Gender and the Meaning of

Difference: Postmodernism and Psychology," in Anne Herrmann and Abigail

Stewart (eds.) Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends in the Humanities

and Social Sciences. Boulder: Westview, 1994, pp. 49-76.

Barriteau, Eudine, "Postmodernist Feminist Theorizing and Development

Policy and Practice in the Anglophone Caribbean,' in Marianne Marchand

and Jane Parpart (eds.) Feminism/Postmodernism/Development. London:

Routledge, 1995, pp. 142-155.

Silverman, Kaja, "Fragments of a Fashionable Discourse," in Anne Herrmann

and Abigail Stewart (eds.) Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends in the

Humanities and Social Sciences. Boulder: Westview, 1994, pp. 77-88.

Johnson-Odim, Cheryl, "Common Themes, Different Contexts: Third World

Women and Feminism, in Chandra Mohanty, Anne Russo, and Lourdes Torres

(eds.) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Bloomington:

Indiana University Press, 1991 pp. 314-327.

Dallery, Arleen, "The Politics of Writing (the) body: Ecriture Feminine,"

in Anne Herrmann and Abigail Stewart (eds.) Theorizing Feminism:

Parallel Trends in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Boulder:

Westview, 1994, pp. 288-300.

Williamson, Judith, "Woman is an Island: Femininity and Colonization," in

Anne Herrmann and Abigail Stewart (eds.) Theorizing Feminism: Parallel

Trends in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Boulder: Westview, 1994,

pp. 382-400.

Udayagiri, Mridula, "Challenging Modernization: Gender and Development,

Haraway, Donna, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature.

New York: Routledge, 1991.

Eisenstein, Hester and Alice Jardine (eds.) The Future of Difference.

Rutgers University Press, 1985.

Week 7 Colonialism, Capitalism, Globalization, and Gender

Required

Etienne, Mona, and Eleanor Leacock, "Introduction," to their Women and

Colonization, Praeger, 1980, pp. 1-24.

Recommended

Tiano, Susan, "Gender, Work, and World Capitalism: Third World Women's

Role in Development," in Beth Hess and Myra Marx Ferree (eds.) Analyzing

Gender: Social Science Perspectives, Sage, 1987, pp. 216-243.

Burkett, Elinor, "In Dubious Sisterhood: Class and Sex in Spanish

Colonial South America," in Bollinger, et al. (eds.) Women in Latin

America: An Anthology from Latin American Perspectives. Riverside, Ca:

Latin American Perspectives, 1979, pp. 17-25.

Deere, Carmen Diana, "Changing Social Relations of Production and Peruvian

Peasant Women's Work," in Women in Latin America An Anthology from Latin

American Perspectives. Riverside, Ca: Latin American Perspectives, 1979,

pp. 26-46.

Nash, June, "Aztec Women: The Transition from Status to Class in Empire

and Colony," in Mona Etienne and Eleanor Leacock (eds.) Women and

Colonization, Praeger, 1980, pp. 134-148.

Rubbo, Anna, "The Spread of Capitalism in Rural Colombia: Effects on Poor

Women," in Rayna Reiter (ed.) Toward an Anthropology of Women, Monthly

Review Press, 1975, pp. 333-357.

Goheen, Miriam, "The Ideology and Political Economy of Gender: Women and

Land in Nso, Cameroon," in Christina Gladwin (ed.) Structural Adjustment

and African Women Workers. Gainsville: University of Florida Press,

1991, pp. 239-265.

Afonja, Simi, "Changing Patterns of Gender Stratification in West Africa,"

in Irene Tinker (ed.) Persistent Inequalities: Women and World

Development. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 198-209.

Mazumdar, Vina and Kumud Sharma, "Sexual Division of Labor and the

Subordination of Women: A Reappraisal from India," in Irene Tinker (ed.)

Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development. New York: Oxford

University Press, 1990, pp. 185-197.

Week 8 Global Crisis, Structural Adjustment, and Women's Well-Being

Required

Feldman, Shelley, "Crises, Poverty, and Gender Inequality: Current Themes

and Issues," in Lourdes Beneria and Shelley Feldman (eds.) Unequal

Burden: Economic Crises, Persistent Poverty, and Women's Work. Boulder:

Westview, 1992, pp. 1-25.

Nash, June, "Latin American Women in the World Capitalist Crisis," Gender

& Society, Vol. 4, No. 3 (September 1990) pp. 338-353.

Elson, Diane, "From Survival Strategies to Transformation Strategies:

Women's Needs and Structural Adjustment," in Lourdes Beneria and Shelley

Feldman (eds.) Unequal Burden: Economic Crises, Persistent Poverty, and

Women's Work. Boulder: Westview, 1992, pp. 26-48.

Beneria, Lourdes, "The Mexican Debt Crisis: Restructuring the Economy and

the Household," in Lourdes Beneria and Shelley Feldman (eds.) Unequal

Burden: Economic Crises, Persistent Poverty, and Women's Work. Boulder:

Westview, 1992, pp. 83-104.

Recommended

Lele, Uma, "Women, Structural Adjustment, and Transformation: Some

Lessons and Questions from the African Experience," in Christina Gladwin

(ed.) Structural Adjustment and African Women Workers. Gainsville:

University of Florida Press, 1991, pp. 46-80.

Mones, Belkis and Lydia Grant, "Agricultural Development, the Economic

Crisis, and Rural Women in the Dominican Republic," in Carmen Diana Deere

and Magdalena Leon (eds.) Rural Women and State Policy. Boulder:

Westview, 1987, pp. 35-50.

Bolles, A. Lynn, "Economic Crisis and Female-Headed Households in Urban

Jamaica," in June Nash and Helen Safa (eds.) Women and Change in Latin

America. South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin and Garvey, 1985, pp. 65-83.

Safa, Helen and Peggy Antrobus, "Women and the Economic Crisis in the

Due, Jean, "Policies to Overcome the Negative Effects of Structural

Adjustment Programs on African Female-Headed Households," in Christina

Gladwin (ed.) Structural Adjustment and African Women Workers.

Gainsville: University of Florida Press, 1991, pp. 103-127.

Tripp, Aili Mari, "The Impact of Crisis and Economic Reform on Women in

Urban Tanzania," in Lourdes Beneria and Shelley Feldman (eds.) Unequal

Burden: Economic Crises, Persistent Poverty, and Women's Work. Boulder:

Westview, 1992, pp. 159-180.

Perez-Aleman, "Economic Crisis and Women in Nicaragua," in Lourdes Beneria

and Shelley Feldman (eds.) Unequal Burden: Economic Crises, Persistent

Poverty, and Women's Work. Boulder: Westview, 1992, pp. 239-258.

Anderson, Joan and Martin de la Rosa, "Economic Survival Strategies of

Poor Families on the Mexican Border," Journal of Borderlands Studies, Vol.

VI, No. 1, 1991, pp. 51-68.

Jacobson, Jodi, "Women's Health: The Price of Poverty," in Marge

Koblinsky, Judith Timyan, and Jill Gay (eds.) The Health of Women: A

Global Perspective. Boulder: Westview, 1993, pp. 3-32.

Week 9 Modes of Production and Household Labor, Power, and Survival

Required

Deere, Carmen Diana, "Rural Women's Subsistence Production in the

Capitalist Periphery," The Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol.

8, No. 1, 1976, pp. 9-17.

Schmink, Marianne, "Household Economic Strategies: Review and Research

Agenda," Latin American Research Review, Vol. XIX, No. 3, 1984, pp.

87-101.

Bruce, Judith and Daisy Dwyer, "Introduction," to their A Home Divided:

Women and Income in the Third World. Stanford, Ca: Stanford University

Press, 1988, pp. 1-19.

Blumberg, Rae Lesser, "Income Under Female Versus Male Control," in her

Gender, Family, and Economy: The Triple Overlap. Newbury Park, CA:

Sage, 1991, pp. 97-127.

Berheide, Catherine and Marcia Segal, "Controlling Less Land, Producing

Less Food: The Fate of Female-Headed Households in Malawi," in Esther

Recommended

Papanek, Hanna, "To Each Less Than She Needs, From Each More Than She Can

Do: Allocations, Entitlements, and Value," in Irene Tinker (ed.)

Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development. New York: Oxford

University Press, 1990, pp. 162-181.

Sanchez, Laura, Women's Power and the Gendered Division of Domestic Labor

in the Third World," Gender & Society, Vol. 7, No. 3, (September 1993),

pp. 434-459.

Roldan, Martha, "Renegotiating the Marital Contract: Intrahousehold

Patterns of Money Allocation and Women's Subordination Among Domestic

Outworkers in Mexico City," in Daisy Dwyer and Judith Bruce (eds.) A Home

Divided: Women and Income in the Third World. Stanford, CA: Stanford

University Press, 1988, pp. 229-247.

Sen, Amartya, "Gender and Cooperative Conflicts," in Irene Tinker (ed.)

Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development. New York: Oxford

University Press, 1990, pp. 123-149.

Blumberg, Rae, "Women's Work, Wealth, and Family Survival Strategy: The

Impact of Guatemala's ALCOSA Agricusiness Project," in Esther Chow and

Catherine Berheide (eds.) Women, the Family, and Policy: A Global

Perspective. Albany: SUNY, 1994, pp. 99-116.

Kibria, Nazli, "Culture, Social Class, and Income Control in the Lives of

Women Garment Workers in Bangladesh," Gender & Society, Vol.9, No. 3

(June 1995) pp. 289-309.

Stivens, Maila, "The Fate of Women's Land Rights: Gender, Matriliny, and

Publications, 1985, pp. 3-36.

Flora, Cornelia Butler and Blas Santos, "Women in Farming Systems in Latin

America," in June Nash and Helen Safa (eds.) Women and Change in Latin

America. South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin and Garvey, 1985, pp. 208-228.

Spindel, Cheywa, "The Social Invisibility of Women's Work in Brazilian

Agriculture," in Carmen Diana Deere and Magdalena Leon (eds.) Rural Women

and State Policy. Boulder: Westview, 1987, pp. 51-66.

de los Angeles Crummett, Maria, "Rural Women and Migration in Latin

America," in Carmen Diana Deere and Magdalena Leon (eds.) Rural Women and

State Policy. Boulder: Westview, 1987, pp. 239-260.

Fee, Terry, "Domestic Labour: An Analysis of Housework and its Relation

to the Production Process," Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 8,

No. 1 (1976) pp. 1-8.

Weinbaum, Batya and Amy Bridges, "The Other Side of the Paycheck:

Monopoly Capital and the Structure of Consumption," Monthly Review, Vol.

28 (1976) pp. 88-103.

Required

Glenn, Evelyn Nakano, "Social Constructions of Mothering: A Thematic

Overview," in Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Grace Chang, and Linda Forcey (eds.)

Mothering: Ideology, Experience, and Agency. London: Routledge, 1994,

pp. 1-29.

Moore, Henrietta, "Mothering and Social Responsibilities in a Cross-

Cultural Perspective," in E. Silva (ed.) Good Enough Mothering: Feminist

Perspectives on Lone Motherhood. London: Routeledge, 1996, pp.58-75.

Rothstein, Francis, "Capitalist Industrialization and the Increasing Cost

of Children" in June Nash, and Helen Safa (eds.) Women and Change in Latin

America. South Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey, 1985, pp. 37-52.

Recommended

Chow, Esther Ngan-ling and Catherine White Berheide, "Introduction:

Studying Women, Families, and Policies Globally," in their Women, the

Family, and Policy: A Global Perspective. Albany: SUNY, 1994, pp. 1-29.

Thorne, Barrie, "Feminism and the Family: Two Decades of Thought," in B.

"Chow, Esther and Kevin Chen, "The Impact of the One-Child Policy on

Women and the Patriarchal Family in the People's Republic of China," in

E. Chow and C. Berheide (eds.) Women, the Family, and Policy: A Global

Perspective. Albany: SUNY, 1994, pp. 71-98.

Kabeer, Naila, "Do Women Gain from High Fertility?" in H. Afshar (ed.)

Kuhn, Annette, "Structures of Patriarchy and Capital in the Family," A.

Kuhn and A. Wolpe (eds.) Feminism and Materialism. London: Routledge,

1978, pp. 42-67.

Gough, Kathleen, "The Origin of the Family," in Reyna Reiter (ed.) Toward

an Anthropology of Women. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975.

Collier, Jane, Michelle Rosaldo, and Sylvia Yanagisako, "Is There a

Family? New Anthropological Views," in B. Thorne with M. Yalom (eds.)

Rethinking the Family: Some Feminist Questions. New York: Longman,

1982, pp. 25-39.

Minge, Wanda, "The Industrial Revolution and the European Family:

'Childhood' as a Market for Family Labor," in E. Leacock and H. Safa

(eds.) Women's Work. South Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey, 1986, pp.

13-24.

Segura, Denise, "Working at Motherhood: Chicana and Mexican Immigrant

Mothers and Employment," in Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Grace Chang, and Linda

Forcey Rennie (eds.) Mothering: Ideology, Experience, and Agency.

London: Routledge, 1994, ppp. 211-233.

Required

Beechey, Veronica, "Women and Production: A Critical Analysis of Some

Sociological Theories of Women's Work," in A. Kuhn and A. Wolpe (eds.)

Feminism and Materialism, London: Routledge, 1978, pp. 155-197.

Moghadam, Valentine, "Gender Dynamics of Restructuring in the

Semiperiphery," in Rae Lesser Blumberg et al. (eds.) EnGENDERing Wealth

and Well-Being. Boulder: Westview, 1995, pp. 17-37.

Lie, John, "The Transformation of Sexual Work in 20th-Century Korea,"

Gender & Society, Vol. 9, No. 3 (June 1995) pp. 310-327.

Recommended

Kessler-Harris, Alice, "Women, Work, and the Social Order," in B. Carroll

(ed.) Liberating Women's History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press,

1976, pp. 330-343.

Walby, Sylvia, "Theories of Women and Paid Work," in her Patriarchy at

Work. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, pp. 70-89.

Psacharopoulos, George and Zafiris Tzannatos, "Trends and Pattern in

Female Labor Force Participation, 1950-1985," in their Women's Employment

and Pay in Latin America. World Bank, 1992, pp. 37-70.

Saffioti, Heleieth, "Female Labor and Capitalism in the United States and

Brazil," in R. Rohrlich-Leavitt (ed.) Women Cross-Culturally: Change and

Challenge. The Hague: Mouton, 1975, pp. 59-94.

Arizpe, Lourdes, "Women in the Informal Labor Sector: The Case of Mexico

City," in Wellesley Editorial Committee (eds.) Women and National

Development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977, pp. 25-37.

Lovell, Peggy, "Race, Gender, and Development in Brazil," Latin American

Research Review, Vol. 29, No. 3, 1994, pp. 7-35.

Tinker, Irene, "The Urban Street Food Trade: Regional Variations of

Women's Involvement," in Esther Chow and Catherine Berheide (eds.) Women,

the Family, and Policy: A Global Perspective. Albany: SUNY, 1994, pp.

Paso," in Vicki Ruiz and Susan Tiano (eds.) Women on the U.S.-Mexico

Border. Boulder: Westview, 1990, pp. 61-77.

Zsembik, Barbara and Chuck Peek, "The Effect of Economic Restructuring on

Puerto Rican Women's Labor Force Participation in the Formal Sector,"

Gender & Society, Vol. 8, No. 4 (December 1994) pp. 525-540.

Simeral, Margaret, "Women and the Reserve Army of Labor," The Insurgent

Sociologist, Vol. 8, Nos. 2 and 3 (Fall 1978).

Garcia Castro, Mary, "What is Bought and Sold in Domestic Service? The

Case of Bogota: A Critical Review," in Elsa Chaney and Mary Garcia Castro

(eds.) Muchachas No More: Household Workers in Latin America and the

Caribbean. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1989, pp. 105-126.

Young, Grace, "The Myth of Being 'Like a Daughter'," Latin American

Perspectives, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1987, pp. 365-380.

Clark, Roger, "Culture, Gender, and Labor Force Participation: A Cross-

National Study," Gender & Society, Vol. 5, No. 1, (March 1991) pp. 47-65.

Harrison, Faye, "Women in Jamaica's Urban Informal Economy: Insights from

a Kingston Slum," in C. Mohanty, A. Russo and L. Torres (eds.) Third World

Women and the Politics of Feminism. Indiana University Press, 1991, pp.

173-196.

Required

Tiano, Susan, Patriarchy on the Line: Labor, Gender, and Ideology in the

Mexican Maquila Industry. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press,

1994, Chapters, 1-9, 11.

Recommended

Lim, Linda, "Women's Work in Export Factories: The Politics of a Cause,"

in Irene Tinker, (ed.) Persistent Inequalities: Women and World

Development. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 101-119.

Lee, Ching Kwan, "Familial Hegemony: Gender and Production Politics on

Hong Kong's Electronics Shopfloor," Gender & Society, Vol. 7, No. 4,

(December 1993) pp. 529-547.

Tiano, Susan, "Women's Work and Unemployment in Northern Mexico," in Vicki

Ruiz and Susan Tiano (eds.) Women on the U.S.-Mexico Border. Boulder:

Westview, 1990, pp. 17-40.

Nash, June, "The Impact of the Changing International Division of Labor on

Different Sectors of the Labor Force," in June Nash and Maria Patricia

Fernandez-Kelly (eds.) Women, Men, and the International Division of

Labor. Albany: SUNY Press, 1983, pp. 3-38.

Tiano, Susan, "Fertility, Selective Recruitment, and the Maquila Labor

Force," in E. Chow and C. Berheide (eds.) Women, the Family, and

Policy: A Global Perspective. Albany: SUNY, 1994, pp. 209-234.

Fernandez-Kelly, Maria Patricia, For We are Sold: I and My People.

Albany: SUNY Press, 1983.

Elson, Diane and Ruth Pearson, "Nimble Fingers Make Cheap Workers: An

Analysis of Women's Employment in Third World Export Manufacturing,"

Feminist Review, Spring, 1981, pp. 87-107.

Lim, Linda, "Capitalism, Imperialism, and Patriarchy: The Dilemma of

Third-World Women Workers in Multinational Factories," in J. Nash and M.

Fernandez-Kelly (eds.) Women, Men, and the International Division of

Labor. Albany: SUNY Press, 1983, pp. 70-91.

Ong, Aihwa, "Global Industries and Malay Peasants in Peninsular Malaysia,"

in J. Nash and M. Fernandez-Kelly (eds.) Women, Men, and the International

Division of Labor. Albany: SUNY Press, 1983, pp. 426-439.

Safa, Helen, "Runaway Shops and Female Employment: The Search for Cheap

Labor," in E. Leacock and H. Safa (eds.) Women's Work. South Hadley,

Massachusetts: Bergin and Garvey, 1986b, pp. 58-71.

Wolf, Diane, "Linking Women's Labor with the Global Economy: Factory

Workers and Their Families in Rural Java," in Kathryn Ward (ed.) Women

Workers and Global Restructuring. Cornell: ILR Press, 1990, pp. 25-47.

Pyle, Jean, The State and Women in the Economy. Albany: SUNY Press, 1990.

Safa, Helen, The Myth of the Male Breadwinner. Boulder, Westview, 1995.

Wolf, Diane, Factory Daughters. Berkeley: UC Press, 1992.

Hsiung, Ping-Chun, Living Rooms as Factories. Philadelphia: Temple, 1996.

Required

Gallin, Rita, "Women and the Export Industry in Taiwan: The Muting of

Class Consciousness," in Kathryn Ward (ed.) Women Workers and Global

Restructuring. Cornell: ILR Press, 1990, pp. 179-192.

Tiano, Susan, Patriarchy on the Line: Labor, Gender, and Ideology in the

Mexican Maquila Industry. Philadelphia, PA: Temple, 1994, Chapter 10.

Pena, Devon, "Tortuosidad: Shop Floor Struggles of Female Maquiladora

Workers," in Vicki Ruiz and Susan Tiano (eds.) Women on the U.S.-Mexico

Border. Boulder: Westview, 1990, pp. 129-154.

Kim, Seung-kyung, "Women Workers and the Labor Movement in South Korea,"

in Frances Abrahamer Rothstein and Michael L. Blim (eds.) Anthropology and

Twentieth Century. New York: Bergin and Garvey, 1992, pp. 220-237.

Recommended

Young, Gay, "Gender Identification and Working-Class Solidarity Among

Maquiladora Workers in Ciudad, Juarez: Stereotypes and Realities," in

Vicki Ruiz and Susan Tiano (eds.) Women on the U.S.-Mexico Border.

Boulder: Westview, 1990, pp. 105-128.

Safa, Helen, "Class Consciousness Among Working-Class Women in Latin

America: Puerto Rico," in June Nash and Helen Safa (eds.) Sex and Class

in Latin America. New York: Bergin, 1980, pp. 69-85.

Kaplan, Temma, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of

Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1982, pp. 545-566.

Staudt, Kathleen, "Programming Women's Empowerment: A Case from Northern

Mexico," in Vicki Ruiz and Susan Tiano (eds.) Women on the U.S.-Mexico

Border. Boulder: Westview, 1990, pp. 155-173.

West, Guida and Rhoda Lois Blumberg, "Reconstructing Social Protest from a

Feminist Perspective,' in their Women and Social Protest. New York:

Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 3-36.

Peterson, V. Spike and Anne Runyan, "The Politics of Resistance: Women

as Nonstate, Antistate, and Transstate Actors," in their Global Gender

Issues. Boulder: Westview, 1993, pp. 113-148.

Lobao, Linda, Women in Revolutionary Movements: Changing Patterns of

Latin American Guerrilla Struggle," Guida West and Rhoda Lois Blumberg,

(eds.) Women and Social Protest. New York: Oxford University Press,

1990, pp. 180-204.

Recommended

Tilly, Luise, "Paths of Proletarianization: Organization of Production,

Sexual Division of Labor, and Women's Collective Action," Signs, Vol. 1,

No. 2 (1981) pp. 400-417.

del Carmen Feijoo, Maria, "The Challenge of Constructing Civilian Peace:

Women and Democracy in Argentina," in Jane Jaquette (ed.) The Women's

Movement in Latin America: Feminism and the Transition to Democracy."

Boulder: Westview, 1991, pp. 72-94.

Miller, Francesca, "The Suffrage Movement in Latin America," in Gertrude

Yeager (ed.) Confronting Change, Challenging Tradition: Women in Latin

American History. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1994, pp. 157-176.

Margolis, Diane Rothbard, "Women's Movements Around the World: Cross-

Cultural Comparisons," Gender & Society, Vol 7, No. 3 (September 1993)

pp. 379-399.

Yuval-Davis, "Identity Politics and Women's Ethnicity," in Valentine

Moghadam (ed.) Identity Politics and Women. Boulder: Westview, 1994,

the Sudan, in Valentine Moghadam (ed.) Identity Politics and Women.

Boulder: Westview, 1994, pp. 145-166.

Jaquette, Jane, "Introduction," to Jane Jaquette (ed.) The Women's

Movement in Latin America: Feminism and the Transition to Democracy."

Boulder: Westview, 1991, pp. 1-17.

Chaney, Elsa, "The Mobilization of Women in Allende's Chile" in J.

Jaquette (ed.) Women in Politics. New York: Wiley, 1974, pp. 267-280.

Prates, Suzana, "Organizations for Domestic Workers in Montevideo:

Reinforcing Marginality," in Elsa Chaney and Mary Garcia Castro (eds.)

Muchachas No More: Household Workers in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989, pp. 271-290.

Seitz, Barbara, "From Home to Street: Women and Revolution in Nicaragua,"

in Gertrude Yeager (ed.) Confronting Change, Challenging Tradition: Women

in Latin American History. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources,

1994, pp. 197-210.

Trager, Lillian and Clara Osinulu, "New Women's Organizations in Nigeria:

One Response to Structural Adjustment," in Christina Gladwin (ed.)

Structural Adjustment and African Women Workers. Gainsville: University

of Florida Press, 1991, pp. 339-357.

Castro, Daniel, "'War is Our Daily Life': Women's Participation in

Sendero Luminoso," in Gertrude Yeager (ed.) Confronting Change,

Challenging Tradition: Women in Latin American History. Wilmington,

Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1994, pp. 219-225.