Physical Activity/Aging Lecture 9/14
Make sure you can trace blood flow through the systemic and pulmonary circuits (just as we practiced in class).
Be able to draw the cardiac conduction system: Sinoatrial node (pacemaker), atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinjie fibers
What does autoconduction mean?
Be able to define the following cardiac function terms:
Cardiac cycle, diastole, systole, stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, hypertrophy, a-vO2 difference, risk factor, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system

What is cardiovascular disease? About how many Americans have it? Is it greater for males or females?

What is arteriosclerosis.

What is atherosclerosis?

Let's remember a few factors that lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? (Such as lack of exercise, tobacco use, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diet high in saturated fats, salts, refined sugars, and low levels of fruits and vegetables)

What is a good definition of VO2max?

Sedentary individuals (30-65 years) have a decrease of what percent per decade after age 25? (is it 10%, 20%, or 30%)
There are TWO main factors that lead to this decrease in VO2max with age. What are they?
Is cardiovascular fitness (or the lack of it) a strong or weak predictor of mortality as one ages?
Is cardiovascular fitness (or the lack of it) a strong or weak predictor of CVD as one ages?
When a vintage person (VP) improves aerobic capacity, what is he/she improving (physiologically)?
What is more important for improvement of VO2max: Heart rate or stroke volume?

With age, what happens to the myocardium of the heart?

Do the cells of the sinus node, AV node, and bundle of His Increase or Decrease with age?
Does the left ventricle thicken or get thinner with age?
What is systolic hypertension?

What is vascular compliance (i.e., vascular elasticity)? Does it increase or decrease with age?
Make sure you know normal blood pressure (systolic < 120 mmHG, diastolic <80 mmHg)

Make sure you know PREhypertension (systolic 120-139 mmHG, diastolic 80-89 mmHg)

With consistent aerobic exercise at 40-60% of VO2max, what type of DECREASE will you see with systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
With aging, the aorta and major arteries of the body go through a thickening referred to as what? (vascular stiffening)
Does an increase or decrease in sympathetic tone contribute to major artery stiffening?
With age, the arterioles and capllaries increase or decrease their ability to dilate?
As capillaries and arterioles age, what is happening to the inner lining known as the endothelial lining?

Which are the Healthy lipoproteins? Why are these lipoproteins healthy for the body?

Which are the Lousy (or unhealthy) lipoproteins?

What is the PAR-Q we completed in class? What is it used for?

MAKE SURE YOU READ THE CARDIOPULMONARY SYSTEM CHAPTER THOROUGHLY AS THE AUTHORS REALLY EXPLAIN THIS PHYSIOLOGY WE DISCUSSED QUITE WELL.