LOGAN: LAWS OF LEARNING (Basic Processes) January 2004 AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING: Excitation Current Organism Independent Variables Contents Behavioral/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Independent-Operation AECO>>1:00. Setting operations, General AL****naa AECO>>2:00. Avcond as-f Neurological Insult AL****nMa AECO>>2:10. Avcond w/spinal organism AL****nmS AECO>>3:00. Effect of drugs on Avcond AL****mDa AECO>>4:00. Indiv diff in conditionability AL****nAV AECO>>5:00. Comparative avcond AL****naC AECO>>5:10: Comparative (breeding) AL****nbC AECO>>5:20. Comparative (gender) AL****ngC AECO>>5:30. Comparative (species) AL****nsC AECO>>5:40. Comparative (age, early development) AL****nAC AECO>>5:50. Comparative (age, older organisms) AL****nOC AECO>>6:00. Generality of avcond AL****nAY AECO>>7:00. Misc Current Organism Independent Variables AL****nax Relevant uncoded root-abstracts Relevant(?) unabstracted-uncoded literature Behavioral/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Independent-Operation AECO>>8:00. Behavioral Effects of Addictive Drugs AL****Ts1 AECO>>8:10A. ALC: Acute/Involuntary/Under-Influence AL****Ts1 AECO>>8:10D. DRUGS: Acute/Involuntary/Under-Influence AL****Ts2 AECO>>8:20A. ALC: Acute/Involuntary/Not-Under-Influence AL****Tt1 AECO>>8:20D. DRUGS: Acute/Involuntary/Not-Under-Influence AL****Tt2 Behavioral/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdependent-Operation AECO>>8:30A. ALC: Acute/Voluntary/Under-Influence AL****ts1 AECO>>8:30D. DRUGS: Acute/Voluntary/Under-Influcnce AL****ts2 AECO>>8:40A: ALC: Acute/Voluntary/Not-Under-Influence AL****tt1 AECO>>8:40D: DRUGS: Acute/Voluntary/Not-Under-Influrnce AL****tt2 Behavioral/Unnatural/Social/Emotionally-Neutral/Independent-Operation AECO>>8:50A. Effect of Involuntary ALC on Social Behavior AL****Ws1 AECO>>8:50D. Effect of Involuntary Drugs on Social Beh AL****Ws2 Behavioral/Unnatural/Social/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdependent-Operation AECO>>8:60A. Effect of Voluntary ALC on Social Behavior AL****ws1 AECO>>8:60D. Effect of Voluntary Drugs on Social Hehavior AL****ws2 AECO>>1:00. Setting operations, General AL****naa RCPS Rate(ARo) incr w/REM sleep dep w/no effect on N/shocks - - Ken,CH"00- DxJS After Pair(S,shock) w/curare, no ARi in normal state - - - Har,HF'33+ HAW- Meas muscle-pot ARc against inhib instruct w/out aware - - Hil,AH'37- RDRS Decr catecholamine level w/6-OHDA decr acq 1-way ARi - - - Cla,JJ'49e MD Decr ARi in acq/extn if block autonomic w/tetraethylammonia Aul,BF'51- r - Adult AR acq facil w/infant handling, less w/later handling Lev,S.'56- HAxx W/minimal instruct, no ARi acq w/reflexive (respondent) R - Tur,LH'62+ W/minimal instruct, ARi acq w/nonreflexive (operant) R Tur,LH'62+ W/instruct re escape/avoid, ARi acq w/both above R Tur,LH'62+ SUUS Hypothermia decr acq ARi w/out decr in ER - - - - - - - - - Ess,WB'63+ RAxS No effect of REM sleep dep on shuttle/runway ARi - - - - - Alb,I.'70e MCPx Perf ARo decr-f(weight loss) re food dep - - - - - - - - - Dav,RS'71- PCOx Rate(ARo) incr-f(80-90-100% body weight) - - - - - - - - - Gri,P.'73e R S ARo perf facil w/shock/air-blast/handling prestim B4 sessn Gra,P.'76- Attrib above to mineralocorticoid, elim w/adrenalectomy Gra,P.'76- RCPS Castration decr acq ARo, w/perf incr-decr-f(dose AMPH)- - - Mil,JS'76- RxLx Acq H2O-maze/shuttle-ARo not-f(female pregnancy stage) - - Kri,MB'78e RCJS No effect of REM-sleep dep between short trng sessions - - VHu,ZJ'79+ RCJS 72-h REM-sleep dep decr acq ARi perf w/no effect in retentn VHu,ZJ'79+ PCOS ARo at 80% > 100% body weight w/weak USI, reverse w/strong Lea,JD'83- rDU- 7-d AR retentn facil if train/test in same pentobarb state Ric,R.'83e XXX- Genz: No convincing proof of REM sleep-dep on lrng/memory - Oni,TN'84- R JS Perf shuttle ARi decr w/REM-sleep dep begin 24-h after trng Smi,C.'88+ RVJS Decr effect of REM dep on perf of ARi - - - - - - - - - - - Mel,EM'89e RVJS Isolate (vs gp) rearing decr acq shuttle ARi w/males only - Viv,MP'90e RCJS REM sleep dep B4 daily trng decr ARi perf - - - - - - - - - Gru,A.'95e AECO>>2:00. Avcond as-f Neurological Insult AL****nMa DVWS Retain ARc after complete bilat removal of striate areas - Win,KG'42+ CAWS After uni-lat decort, AR best w/US contralat intact cortex Bro,RB'48- W/above US, AR = flex shocked leg Bro,RB'48- W/US ipso-lat intact cortex, AR = flex unshocked/both legs Bro,RB'48- DNFS After hemidecortication, acq equal ARc re both hind limbs Kel,WN'50+ incl hi diagonal sim w/buzz B4 shock both hind limbs - - Kel,WN'50+ CN Title: Localized cortical lesion on discr - - - - - - - - Mey,DR'52+ R Acq decr but ARi maint w/removal pituitary-adrenal system - App,MH'55+ R Septal lesion incr emot beh, facil avcond - - - - - - - - - Kin,FA'58- RNRS Acq/perf run ARi not-f(adrenal demedullation) - - - - - - - Moy,KE'59+ CNx- Retentn, not acq ARi w/removal ipsolat forebrain/thalamus - Kin,RL'60- Above op decr respiratory CR if contralat US, acq possible Kin,RL'60- RAS- Hypothal lesion facil acq ARi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lev,S.'60+ CN Title: Amygdalectomy on avoid beh - - - - - - - - - - - - Hor,FE'62- RN Title: Hippocamp lsn on aversive beh - - - - - - - - - - - Hug,KA'62- RNRS After trng, ECS over 11-days decr ARi w/w/out adrenalectomy Moy,KE'63+ Title: Septal lsn on avoid/spatial beh - - - - - - - - - - Don,PJ'67- RVJS Hippocampal/septal lesions incr shuttle ARi and ITI acty - Gre,RH'67e FVJS Forebrain ablation -->permanent decr/elim 1-way avcond - - Hai,FR'67e RNJS Shuttle avcond facil w/septal lesions, incl incr ITI acty - Sch,JS'67e RN Title: Limbic lsn on ARo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mor,JM'69- B Title: Hippocampectomy on active/passive - - - - - - - - - Pap,JD'70+ RAJS Septal lesions facil acq shuttle ARi w/Long-Evans/Sprague-D Dea,JH'71+ Septal lsns decr acq 1-way ARi w/Sprague-D, not Long-E Dea,JH'71+ C Title: Avoid/pun/CER w/septal lesions - - - - - - - - - - Ole,NH'73- PVJS Acq shuttle ARi facil w/olfactory nerve section - - - - - - Hut,RS'74e RNPS Hypothal lsn decr acq ARo, less if pretrnd - - - - - - - - Kin,BM'76+ RNJS Deplete brain noradrenalin facil shuttle-acq re decr freeze Mas,FT'78+ RUJS Post-trng septal lsn incr ARi w/lo-avoid O, maint ARo w/hi Pop,A.'78= RUJS Early bilat hypothal ESB decr later avcond, not OpR w/food Vel,L.'78e RNxS Decr discrim ARi w/thalamic lsn (incentive effect) - - - - Tho,R.'79- Decr discrim aspect of ARi w/occipital lsn (location effect Tho,R.'79- Decr terminal R of ARi w/caudatal lsn (R effect) Tho,R.'79- RNRx No acq alley-run ARi w/neodecorticate O; acq IR w/food rf - Oak,DA'80- RN Title: Dorsal rhizotomy on AR - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rod,BE'80- RNOS Hippocamp lsn facil rear-jump ARi re incr reactivity to sh Shi,S.'80+ RNPS Septal lsn O>normals re maint ARo w/6/10/20-sec RS interval Hur,HM'81e Attrib above diff to decr freeze-R w/septal lsn Hur,HM'81e RNJS Transection of interpeduncular nucleus efferents facil ARi Wir,D.'81- RNJS Septal lsn facil acq ARi, w/w/out diff intrabox cues - - - Num,R.'82e RNJS Medial septal lsn decr, dorsolat facil acq ARi w/weak USI - Sag,T.'82+ Title: Telencephalon ablation of avoid R - - - - - - - - - Ove,JB'86+ RNJS Hippocamp lsn facil acq, decr genz re change in context cue Par,B.'87+ R1US After acq ARi w/intense lite S then visual decortication, Del,ER'89- recovery of ARi to lite facil w/trng w/noise S > lite S Del,ER'89- RUJS Pedunculopontine nucleus lesions elim acq of shuttle ARi - Fuj,K.'89e RN S Bilat septal lsn-->temp incr in AR to both S+/S-, w/recover Gom,Y.'89e AECO>>2:10. Avcond w/spinal organism AL****nmS R FS W/spinal O, preexpose w/unavoidable shock decr ARi acq - - Cho,SF'75+ W/spinal O, unavoidable shock after ARi acq decr retentn Cho,SF'75+ R FS Spinal O acq leg-lift ARc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cho,SF"75+ R S Avcond w/incremental criteria in spinal O w/retention - - - Cho,SF'77+ R O- Avcond leg-lowering ARi w/chronic spinal O - - - - - - - - She,DS'82e AECO>>3:00. Effect of drugs on Avcond AL****mDa . Note: See below. R - No effect of ACTH on avcond, but ACTH incr R/Extn - - - - - Mur,JV'55+ RDJS Chlorpromazine decr avcond and R/Extn - - - - - - - - - - - Ade,R.'57+ RAJS After acq shuttle trng, ARi decr-f(dose of chlorpromazine) Mil,RE'59e RUUU Avcond incr-decr-f(dose adrenalin) - - - - - - - - - - - - Lat,B.'62+ Title: R decr as-f(chlorpromazine) - - - - - - - - - - - - Dot,BA'63- RE Chlorpromazine decr AR during acq/extn, esp w/diffcond - - Dot,LA'63+ Title: D-Amph/reserpine on AR - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fra,GR'63- RS Post-tr amphetamine facil AR acq w/w/out no-drug pretrng - Dot,BA'65+ RDPS 1 but not .5/mg/kg strychnine sulfate ip B4 sessn facil ARi Gib,RG'65e RE Title: AR not improved w/d-amphetamine - - - - - - - - - - Pow,BJ'65e RD Title: Amobarbital sodium/meprobamate - - - - - - - - - - Pow,BJ'65e RD No effect of TCAP on avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bru,FR'66e RD Title: Drug effects in Tryon strains - - - - - - - - - - - Pow,BJ'67e RCPS Estradiol facil acq ARo w/castrated O, not signif - - - - - MCo,DM'79e MD Title: AMPH on ARo and delayed R - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rus,DK'80- RDJS Mescaline decr ARi acq, not if pre-expose w/shock - - - - - Gib,JL'81e RDJS ip scopolamine incr ARi perf and ITI R, not-f(age) - - - - Bau,RH'82- RDPS AMPH incr Rate(ARo), chlorpromazine decr Rate(ARo) - - - - Kur,H.'82- Wistar Fischer re chlorpromazine Kur,H.'82- R Title: Nalozone on acq/extn avoid beh - - - - - - - - - - Gal,M.'83e RDR Title: Drugs on VI sched of TO avoid - - - - - - - - - - - Gal,M.'87+ RDUU Dose dependent decr in AR/ER w/MORPH/haloperidol/pentobarb Rod,R.'92- ECO>>4:00. Indiv diff in conditionability AL****nAV RTL- No incr in lrng rate thru 5 generations breeding - - - - - Aga,WE'35e Rxxx Correl quick acq ARi w/quick maze lrng and hi R/Extn - - - Hun,WS'35- RVRS No incr rate avcond as-f transmission thru 18 generations - Cre,FA'36- RTL- No incr in lrng rate thru 36 generations, re controls - - - Aga,WE'48e RARS AR acq as adult slower if weaned late (35d) vs normal (21d) Lev,S.'59- RDJS Shuttle ARi, not ER, decr w/ip mescaline sulfate - - - - - Cho,SL'61- RVA- Acty/AR acq w/young>old, but cond switching more difficult Dan,T.'64- S Lo correl indiv diff in escape/avoid perf - - - - - - - - - Fur,E.'64+ R JS Disting learners/nonlearners in shuttle re max Lat(ER) - - Bru,FR'66- RSJO Simple avoid incr-f(ITI), not-f(age), 1/5/24 m - - - - - - Dot,BA'66- Delayed-discrim avoid incr-f(ITI), decr-f(age) 1/5/24 m Dot,BA'66- xxJS Mice>gerbil>kangaroo rat re shuttle avcond, correl w/reacty Boi,R.'68+ GAJS Blind > normals re acq shuttle ARi, elim w/prevent ITI R - Dye,RS'71- HVB- Vol O show better US-attenuating R form than cond O - - - - Hel,JB'74+ P(CR) higher w/class-avcond than yoked PRF for cond O Hel,JB'74+ P(CR) lower w/class-avcond than yoked PRF for vol O Hel,JB'74+ RCPS Hi indiv diff in overall Rate(ARo) and w/in-session trends Rob,AE'78- Good avoiders show warm-up then stable Rate(ARo) Rob,AE'78- RAJS Indiv diff in N/R to S B4 shock pos correl w/N/later ARi - MAl,D.'79+ R PS ARo perf w/Wistar < hypertensive, attrib to freeze UR to sh Ber,DF'88+ R JS Indiv diff in acq ARi correl w/acq polydipsia re FT feeding Dan,R.'88e RVJS Indiv diff in shuttle ARi correl w/acty, not discrim lrng - Bec,A.'89e S JS Acq ARi w/aggressive > nonaggressive O - - - - - - - - - - Ben,RF'89e Attrib above to active/passive strategy re threatening S Ben,RF'89e FVOS W/guppy, shuttle ARi perf better w/more dominant O - - - - Zhu,AY'93- R JS Interp indiv diff in avcond re diff in overcoming freeze R Sav,AV'99e AECO>>5:00. Comparative avcond AL****naC SUUU "Inhib avoid" impaired w/ER alpha KO O - - - - - - - - - - Fug,HN'00e dxWS Odor/sound/lite receptors devel B4 stable ARi at 20-d age - Ful,JL'50e S - Observe strain diff in AR acq and approach-avoid conflict - Kin,JA'56+ F Avcond as-f(ISI) not same w/fish as w/rat - - - - - - - - - Beh,ER'62+ RAP Title: Compar study of avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pea,J.'63- S S Strain diff in rate of avcond decr-f(USI) - - - - - - - - - Car,AB'64e SUUU Strain diff re massed > distrib trng - - - - - - - - - - - Bov,D.'66e RAJS Strain diff in shuttle avcond w/lo correl w/open field acty Wil,J.'67+ RxPS Wild collon < albino re (un)signalled ARo - - - - - - - - - Pow,RW'68+ R JS Shuttle ARi w/Sprague-Dawley > wild/domesticated-wild rats Boi,R.'70- RxxS Strain diff in ARo/shuttle ARi, not in acty/1-way ARi - - - Pot,WJ'70- RUPS Lab-raised wild > field-raised rats, w/UR incompat w/ARo - Pow,RW'71- SAJS Strain diff in shuttle ARi re dominant mode of inheritance Roy,JR'71e R Estrus < nonestrus female, latter = male re R/Extn - - - - Ika,WL'72e RxxS Strain diff in shuttle/discrim avcond re UR to shock - - - Cau,WF'73+ R xS Domesticated = wild subj re ER/AR w/1-way/2-way ARi - - - - Hug,CW'73+ RCJS Offspring of field-trapped black O < albino re acq ARo - - Pow,RW'73- ARo w/O raised by conspecific mothers > cross-fostered O Pow,RW'73- RAJ- Strain diff in rate of antic-R during Pair(S,shock) - - - - Kat,RD'74+ RUPS Nondomesticated black > hooded O w/signaled ARo - - - - - - Pow,RW'76- Rx S Strain diff in acq ARi/ARo w/out diff in UR to footshock US Sat,KP'76- SCRS P(ARi) lower, Lat(ARi) higher in estrus than nonestrus - - Gra,P.'77- R x Strain diff in avcond decr-f(complexity), attrib to arousal Sat,KP'77- FVOS Acq shuttle ARi but fail to acq door discrim re brightness Dem,J.'78+ RUJS ARi perf is-f(estrous cycle) (facil in proestrus) - - - - - Sfi,A.'78e xUPS Spiny mice more active than rats but inferior in ARi perf - Den,R.'81e RUPS P(ARi) w/hypertensive > normal O only w/longer (>7 sec) ITI Sut,JR'81e RUJS Strain diff in shuttle ARi w/females only, re serotonin - - Sak,S.'88e R AR facil in diestrus, decr in estrus, incr w/ovariectomy - Dia,G.'89e SVJS W/adult O, 20-min basic rest-acty cycle re Lat(ARi) - - - - DOl,F.'99+ W/young O, short cycle analogous to their REM/NREM cycle DOl,F.'99+ SYLS Strain diff w/discrim ARi incr-f(ISI/ITI) - - - - - - - - - Hey,CJ'993 AECO>>5:10: Comparative (breeding) AL****nbC Genz: No transfer of acquired AR via inheritance. R Title: Pos results of Lamarckian exper - - - - - - - - - - MDo,W.'37- RMLO Evidence of inheritance of H2O maze lrng after 38 generatns MDo,W.'38- RUUS Diff in acq AR w/Maudsley strains bred re emotionality - - Bro,PL'63+ RUJS Shuttle ARi w/reactive < nonreactive O - - - - - - - - - - Jof,JM'64- R Title: Strain diff in avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Zer,DJ'65e RUPS Acq discrim ARi w/brother-sister-bred strain = random-bred Hur,HM'66+ SVJS Strain diff in avcond, w/hybrid > pure-strain parents - - - Sch,K.'67+ S Title: Avoid by 3 inbred mouse strains - - - - - - - - - - Zer,DJ'67- S OS W/wheel-turn AR, wild-caught < inbred strains, not-f(acty) Zer,DJ'74- RUJS Strain diff in acq shuttle ARi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Har,GH'79- SCOS Most C57BL/6J O acq wheel-turn ARo, most DBA2J O fail - - - Ing,DK'80+ RCxS Bar-press ARi w/O bred for hi BP > normal BP O - - - - - - Sut,JR'80e RXJS Selectively breed re hi/lo acq 2-way shuttle ARi - - - - - Bru,FR'81e RUJS Bred Long-Evans strain re shuttle avcond indep of acty - - Bru,FR'81e SYPS Strain diff in effect of posttrial paradoxical-sleep dep - Kit,K.'81e Above dep decr time-dependent incr in perf only w/C57BR O Kit,K.'81e R1JS Lower pre-trng R to test w/S alone and lower acq ARi Sut,JR'81e w/spon hypertensive than normotensive O, incr-f(CSI) - - Sut,JR'81e R JS Spon hypertensive O more reactive to shock, facil ARi acq - Kna,S.'82+ RAJS Rapid acq ARi w/inbred strains derived from Roman hi/lo O - VSt,FJ'84e RxxS Attrib diff in O bred re shuttle avcond to emotionality - - Bru,FR'85e RCOS Hi-avoid strain < lo-avoid re stress-induced tail analgesia Nag,CS'86+ SCJS Avcond w/BAQLB/c > C57BL/6 but no dichotomy w/inbred O - - Pee,DF'87- Infer acq/perf ARi not-f(1 major gene), is-f(environ) Pee,DF'87- RxxS Syracuse lo >hi-avoid strain re acq CER/1-tr punish IR lrng Bru,FR'88e Attrib above strain diff to hi emotionality in lo-avoid Bru,FR'88e RVxx No diff in brightness discrim lrng w/O bred for hi/lo ARi - Bec,A.'89e R Less novel-context habituation over days w/lo-avoid strain Fla,CF'89+ Less neg contrast w/decr sucrose concen w/lo-avoid O Fla,CF'89+ SCRS Acq/perf ARi w/DBA/2J strain > C57BL/6J/C3eH/HeJ strains - Wei,SB'92- R JS O bred for hi-avoid show incr in long-latency ARi w/trng - Bru,FR'98+ O bred for lo-avoid show lo P(ARi) w/short-latency ARi Bru,FR'98+ R JS Strain diff in ARi re Roman-hi vs Roman-lo avoid O - - - - Esc,RM'99- AECO>>5:20. Comparative (gender) AL****ngC R RS Female > male w/wheel ARi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - And,NH'64+ RARS Run-Speed(ARi) w/females < males - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lit,RA'65+ RCJS Female > male re acq shuttle ARi w/incr R/Extn - - - - - - Bea,WW'71e Females > males re acq shuttle ARi Ash,VM'72+ RUxx Female > male re acq DRL/shuttle AR w/test in day, Bea,WW'77- not nite portion of day-nite cycle - - - - - - - - - - Bea,WW'77- rUJS ARi not-f(gender) until 90-d age, when famale > male - - - Bau,RH'78- R PS Female > male re discrim ARi, latter improved w/castration VOy,HG'81e Note: Female < male re acq inhib punished step-thru IR VOy,HG'81e SxxS Female < male re shuttle ARi, reverse re 1-tr pun IR - - - Kem,ED'84+ Attrib above to female tend make defense R to aversive S Kem,ED'84+ RAJS Perf ARi not-f(gender/estrous phase), w/hi ITI R w/males - Rub,S.'99e AECO>>5:30. Comparative (species) AL****nsC OGCH Frogs learn to avoid disagreeable food objects in 4-7 tr - Sch,AA'11- F Title: Avcond in 2 species of fish - - - - - - - - - - - - Wod,J.'62e GUPS Guinea pigs acq ARo but not bar-holding to postpone shock - Kee,JD'67+ xCPS Acq ARo w/gerbil > rat, both best w/SSI > RSI - - - - - - - Pow,RW"71- xVJS Rats < gerbils w/2-way, rats = gerbils w/1-way shuttle ARi Ash,VM'72+ O RS Collared lizard, not desert iguana acq ARi w/tunnel escape Bic,AT'73+ FCOS Shuttle ARi w/blue > marigold platyfish - - - - - - - - - - MAl,EW'73- xYRS W/shuttle ARi, gerbil < rat only if permit/punish ITI Rs - Osb,GL'76e xuJS Gerbil = rat w/unsignaled ARo, gerbil > rat w/signaled ARo Pow,RW'76- Gerbil showed better temporal control w/out signal, Pow,RW'76- and more control by signal w/signaled ARo Pow,RW'76- OxxS Pigs acq signaled shuttle ARi and jump-barrier ARo re RSI - Mor,P.'78+ xUPS P(shock) w/signal > unsignal ARo w/gerbil, no diff w/rat - Pow,RW'78e Note: Rate(ARo) w/signal < no signal w/both gerbil/rat Row,RW'78e FVOS Re acq shuttle ARi, goldfish >swordtail >mollies/gouramies Pin,LA'79+ OA S Diffcond/extn/recond re sound pattern w/budgerigar - - - - VMu,MR'87+ ECO>>5:40. Comparative (age, early development) AL****nAC R Acq incr-decr-f(30/60/225-d age), w/R/Extn incr-f(age) - - Den,VH'58+ R Title: Avoid from infancy to maturity - - - - - - - - - - Bau,RH'60- SARS Acq incr-f(17/23/40/55-d age) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hen,ND'63- OUUS No ER/AR w/1-d-old; ER w/2-d; AR w/3+ day old O - - - - - - Jam,H.'63+ RARS Avcond/extn not-f(age), 25/50/100-d - - - - - - - - - - - - Kir,RH'63- 25-50-d retention AR incr-f(age), 25/50/100-d Kir,RH'63- RS - Chlorpromazine 1-2 hr after trng decr avcond for young/old Dot,BA'64+ Avcond incr-f(distrib(tr)) w/30 and 600-d old, not 120-d Dot,BA'64+ mAPS Acq FR2 ARi at 1-mo age - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kay,H.'65+ d Title: Avcond in neonatal dogs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bac,WE'70+ RSAS Shuttle avcond decr-f(age), 3-15 m - - - - - - - - - - - - Fre,G.'71+ Retentn shuttle AR decr-f(time), not-f(trng/testing age) Fre,G.'71+ R S Acq incr-f(24/50/100-d age) w/no diff in 25-d retention - - Egg,GJ'72+ OGK- Less S/Genz of avoid aversive S w/neonate than adult/aged - Mei,RO'74- rxRS Young = adult O re acq ARi w/door-open S = door+tone S - - Bre,JF'76+ After above R/Extn w/door-open > door+tone S only w adult O Bre,JF'76+ cVxS Acq step-up AR not-f(25-58-d age), but acq pun IR is-f(age) Dav,JL'76+ RVLS Discrim lrng/relrng decr-f(age), 3/7/12/24 m - - - - - - - Tho,CI'76+ RCRS Max acq 1-way ARI at 4-6-wk age; retention best at 8-wk - - Mys,J.'77+ r RS Weanling = adult in acq w/lo, < adult w/hi acq criterion - Pot,M.'77+ Weanling=adult re 30-d retentn w/hi, 7-d age - - - - - - - - - - - - Mis,JR'80e sURS Evidence of ARi acq + 24-hr retention beginning at 17-d age Nag,ZM'80e R Title: Excit/inhib w/ARo as-f(age) - - - - - - - - - - - - Nie,RR'80+ RURS ARi trng at 23-25-d-age facil reacq 27-d later - - - - - - Sus,PS'80+ rTLS 10-d-old = 13-d w/run ARi, but 13 > 10 w/spatial choice ARi Hof,BA'84e r RS W/10-d old O, no retention of ARi after 30-min in home cage Mis,JR'85e SUJS Strain diff in ARi as-f(age), related to autoimmunity - - - For,MJ'88e SUPS Strain diff in acq ARo as-f(age) - - - - - - - - - - - - - Oht,A.'89e AECO>>5:50. Comparative (age, older organisms) AL****nOC RUUS Acq/retention of active/passive avoid decr w/old O - - - - MNa,MC'78e RxxS 300 > 100-d-old O w/2-way, not 1-way ARi - - - - - - - - - Sat,KP'84- R JS W/old O, ARi acq facil w/post-session hypothal self-ESB - - Ald,L.'97e R JS W/old O, lo acq ARi w/hi freezing beh in acq and retention Amb,MV'97e Above O show post-trng incr in slow-wave, not REM sleep Amb,MV'97e AECO>>6:00. Generality of avcond AL****nAY OCOO Reports modification of avoiding reaction in paramecium - - Day,LM'11+ OCLS Cockroach overcomes phototropism w/avcomd re light/dark - - Szy,JS'12- oAWS Cannot cond leg-R w/opossum; attrib to natural defense mech Jam,WT'37- DAWS Indiv diff in effort O will give to emit ARi - - - - - - - Jam,WT'41- OTAO No evidence of avcond w/heat in paramecia - - - - - - - - - Mir,AF'58+ hVOO Acq ARo to avoid cover over cartoons - - - - - - - - - - - Bae,DM'60- NO S Maint ARo w/young chimp, sim to other species - - - - - - - Cla,FC'61- oUJS 3-wk-old pigs acq shuttle ARi w/spaced > massed trng - - - Kar,GG'62e RCAS Only 3/20 O acq mvmt ARi w/5/15-sec ISI - - - - - - - - - - Gre,JT'65+ S Title: Albinism and avcond in mice - - - - - - - - - - - - Win,H.'67e x S Hi sim of acq functions w/cat/dog/rabbit - - - - - - - - - Bro,WJ'69- F Title: Avcond w/goldfish - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gal,RL'70- OTRO Avcond w/salamander w/Pair(vibration,bright lite) - - - - - Ray,AJ'70- GUJS Guinea pigs acq shuttle ARi w/long > short ISI/ITI - - - - San,M.'70+ OVOS Acq forward-mvmt ER w/some (25%) acq of ARi w/tadpole - - - Hoy,WJ'71e OxJS Toads acq shuttle ARi w/buzz-doorlift S, w/no R/Extn - - - Yar,RM'74e OVOS Larval frog (tadpole) acq swim-across-goal-line w/shock US Jan,WA'77e O1RO Lizard acq ARi w/heat US, facil w/pre-expose to context - - Yor,JG'78- XXXX Attrib diff re human/nonhuman avcond to beh-environ relatn Hig,ST'84+ SWRS Rapid acq of wheel-run ARo w/mice - - - - - - - - - - - - - Shi,S.'87+ OxxS Very poor acq of 1- or 2-way ARi w/domestic fowl - - - - - Rut,SM"91+ AECO>>7:00. Misc Current Organism Independent Variables AL****nax R JS Fast-lrng O show more post-trng slow-wave/transition sleep Man,P."00e RUUU Observe incubation of neurotic avoid beh w/reactive O - - - Mor,S.'77- SNJS Acq ARi neg correl w/N/hippocamp mossy fiber terminals - - Sch,H.'81e RNJS After trng, REM sleep of learners > nonlearners - - - - - - Giu,A.'85e Relevant uncoded root-abstracts HAPO _Diff-avcond re N/R to S- pos correl w/anxiety - - - - - - - Kam,LJ'35e _ Above N/R to S- also neg correl w/pain tolerance Kam,LJ'35e Relevant(?) unabstracted-uncoded literature RI Title: Discrim function of drive S - - - - - - - - - - - - Win,WA'50- W Title: Exteroceptive motiv on beh - - - - - - - - - - - - Cal,WE'55+ RN Title: Hibocon/ECS on avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dot,LA'55- S Title: Critical period hypo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Den,VH'60- S Title: Genetic diff in avcond of mice - - - - - - - - - - Roy,JR'60+ h Title: Avcond w/young child - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rob,NM'61+ MS Title: Social dominance in avoid - - - - - - - - - - - - - MIl,RE'62+ R Title: Comment on litter size/emotional - - - - - - - - - Den,VH'63- F Title: Avcond in 2 species of fish - - - - - - - - - - - - Oti,LS'63+ R Title: Transfer lrng w/RNA injection - - - - - - - - - - - Bab,FR'65e Title: Fail to obtain lrng transfer w/RNA - - - - - - - - Gro,CH'65+ Title: Fear in avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MMi,JS'65- RNx Title: Cortical lsn on avoid beh - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tra,CL'65- R Title: Age and avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dot,BA'66- O Title: Escape/avoid in lizard - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pow,RW'67- D Title: Radiation and avoid - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ell,RH'69- R Title: Age/punish on long-term retention - - - - - - - - - Fei,DA'70+ R Title: Emotionality/avcond w/2 strains - - - - - - - - - - Rey,JH'70- R Title: Relaxation/fear on maint AR - - - - - - - - - - - - Rey,JH'70+ S Title: Genetic variations on avcond - - - - - - - - - - - Oli,A.'71- F Title: Lrng in fish (DWilliams) - - - - - - - - - - - - - Beh,ER'73- S Title: Avcond, beh genetics, and aging - - - - - - - - - - Spr,R.'75+ R Title: Shock/ice-H2O avoid w/wild/lab rat - - - - - - - - Hug,CW'76- S Title: Avoid beh of aging inbred mice - - - - - - - - - - Spr,R.'78- RD Title: Chlordiazepoxide on R w/food/avoid - - - - - - - - Ato,NA'79- F Title: AR of goldfish in shuttle - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mal,TG'79- Title: Stress, neurotransmitters and AR - - - - - - - - - Ric,DL'80- S Title: Dopamine receptor blackade - - - - - - - - - - - - Ani,H.'82e R Title: Genetics of ER/AR w/wild O - - - - - - - - - - - - Hew,JK'82e REO Title: Active/passive avoid w/ethanol - - - - - - - - - - Gru,LA'83+ RDJ Title: Post-trng vasopressin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hag,JJ'83- CUJ Title: Limbic lesions on lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Irl,E.'84+ H Title: Judgment of predictability (Brush) - - - - - - - - All,LB'85e RDO Title: Cholinergic drugs & analgesia hypo - - - - - - - - Gow,AJ'86+ RUO Title: Strain diff in adrenal morphometry - - - - - - - - DPa,SN'90+ RUO Title: Strain diff in pituitary-adrenal - - - - - - - - - Bru,FR'91e R Title: Cocaine & TO from avoidance - - - - - - - - - - - - Gal,M.'93+ Behavioral/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Independent-Operation AECO>>8:00. Behavioral Effects of Addictive Drugs AL****Ts1 AECO>>8:10A. ALC: Acute/Involuntary/Under-Influence AL****Ts1 REJ- Little effect of ALC on ARi/ER - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MMu,GA'59+ REU- ALC decr anxiety and discrim in diff-avcond - - - - - - - - Kop,E.'60+ REP- Lo-dose incr, hi-dose intragastric ALC decr ARo - - - - - - Rey,GS'60+ DES- ALC decr external inhib and cond inhib - - - - - - - - - - Gri,RA'61- REU- No effect of ALC on acq of ARi w/non/reactive O - - - - - - Bro,PL'65+ REJ- No effect of ALC on countercond of ARi - - - - - - - - - - Har,HE'65e RE - P(ARi) is-f intra-gastric ALC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cro,LT'66- REOS Mod dose ip ALC incr Lat(ARi) but incr total R/Extn - - - - Bau,M.'69- REx- ALC incr R/Extn of ARi, w/no effect of ALC on acq - - - - - Bau,M.'70- SEJ- ALC incr R/Extn of ARi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bau,M.'71- RE - Pretrng exposure to ip ALC elim effect of ALC on AR extn - Ami,Z.'73e REU- Acq ARi decr w/ALC B4 trng or B4 pre-trng w/Pair(S,sh) - - Ani,H.'74- SEL- W/C57s, ip ALC decr acq, not perf of diff-cond ARi - - - - Ani,H.'74+ REL- ip ALC facil acq 2-way shuttle, elim w/catecholamine inhib Che,GB'74- REJ- Acq 1-way ARi decr-f(ITI on grid floor), w/no effect ip ALC Hol,FA'74+ Decr above ARi w/switch ALC/saline if cond w/long ITI Hol,FA'74+ REL- ALC decr delayed altern ARi, incr-f(delay B4 test trial) - Mar,JG'74e MEPx ALC incr OpR w/FI 5-min food, decr w/FI 5-min shock - - - - Bar,JE'76- REJ- Decr effect of inescape shock on acq shuttle ARi incr w/ALC Ley,MF'79+ Above lrnd helplessness only w/ALC both preshock/avcond Ley,MF'79+ RER- ALC decr Speed(ER) during avcond w/white/black alleys - - - Man,JG'79- ALC during avcond decr run/mvmt in avoid-avoid conflict Man,JG'79- ALC during avoid-avoid conflict decr run/mvmt/oscillatn Man,JG'79- REP- Dose-dep decr in ARo w/ALC, not reversed w/naltrexone - - - Gal,M.'84e REJ- R/Extn incr-decr-f(ALC dose), not-f(naloxone) - - - - - - - Gal,M.'85e REP- Dose-dep decr in ARo w/ALC, no effect of naltrexone - - - - Gal,M.'86e REJ- R/Extn of ARi incr w/lo-dose, decr w/hi-dose ALC - - - - - Gal,M.'89- SEA- ALC decr acty/avcond, but not if 5-wk exper of vol running Mol,S.'91e AECO>>8:10D. DRUGS: Acute/Involuntary/Under-Influence AL****Ts2 AECO>>8:20A. ALC: Acute/Involuntary/Not-Under-Influence AL****Tt1 REx- No effect of post-trng near-lethal ALC on retention of ARi Pra,L.'78e AECO>>8:20D. DRUGS: Acute/Involuntary/Not-Under-Influence AL****Tt2 Behavioral/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdependent-Operation AECO>>8:30A. ALC: Acute/Voluntary/Under-Influence AL****ts1 REPS Oral ALC decr signalled ARo, w/no effect cholinergic drugs Gra,DT'74+ RER- W/avoid-avoid conflict, oral ALC incr speed/oscillation/app Man,JG'77e HEPO W/concur FR reinf/avoid sched, ALC decr OpR in both - - - - Mun,C.'91e AECO>>8:30D. DRUGS: Acute/Voluntary/Under-Influcnce AL****ts2 AECO>>8:40A: ALC: Acute/Voluntary/Not-Under-Influence AL****tt1 SEx- Strain diff in avcond pos correl w/acty/ALC intake - - - - Hen,KR'67+ AECO>>8:40D: DRUGS: Acuite/Voluintary/Not-Under-Influrnce AL****tt2