LOGAN: LAWS OF LEARNING (Basic Processees) January 2004 AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING: Excitation Current Stimulus Independent Variables Contents Paradigmatic/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Independent-Operation Principle AECS>>1:00. Functional Stimulus identification AE****Bsa Systematic Analyses of Stimulus in Avoidance Conditioning AE****baz AECS>>1:10. Comparative effectiveness of S AE****bea AECS>>1:20. Decrease in stimulus energy as S AE****beo AECS>>2:00. Simult Compound S AE****bsa AECS>>2:10. Temporal (serial) compound S in avcond AE****bsc AECS>>3:00. (Conditioned) Stimulus intensity (CSI) AE****blc Paradigmatic/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Negative/Independent-Operation AECS>>4:00. Nature of the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) AE****cau AECS>>4:10. Relative effectiveness of US AE****ccu AECS>>5:00. Unconditioned Stimulus Intensity (USI) AE****clu Paradigmatic/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Independent-Operation AECS>>6:00. Reinf (US) sched in avcond AE****bfu AECS>>7:00. Role of context in avcond AE****Nca Behavioral/Natural/Social/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdependent-Operation AECS>>7:10. Paired avoidance AE****wca Paradigmatic/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdepedent-Operation AECS>>8:00. Role of AR-produced fdbk AE****bKa AECS>>8:10. Cued avcond facil if S term by AR AE****bKc AECS>>8.20. AR-produced putative exterocep fdbk AE****bKf AECS>>8:30. Both S-term and extereocep-fdbk AE****bKs Systematic analysis of S-term in avcond AE****bKx Systematic analysis of exterocep fdbk AE****bKy Systematic analysis of S-term/ext-fdbk AE****bKz Paradigmatic/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Negative/Independent-Operation AECS>>9:00. Effect of R-independent US on AR AE****cCu AECS>>10:00. Miscellaneous Current-S Independent Variable AE****bax Relevant uncoded root-abstracts Relevant(?) unabstracted-uncoded literature Paradigmatic/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Independent-Operation AECS>>11:00. Behavioral Effects of Addictive Drugs AE****Ts1 AECS>>11:10A. ALC: Acute/Involuntary/Under-Influence AE****Ts1 AECS>>11:10D. DRUGS: Acute/Involuntary/Under-Influence AE****Ts2 AECS>>11:20A. ALC: Acute/Involuntary/Not-Under-Influence AE****Tt1 AECS>>11:20D. DRUGS: Acute/Involuntary/Not-Under-InfluenceAE****Tt2 Paradigmatic/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdependent-Operation AECS>>11:30A. ALC: Acute/Voluntary/Under-Influence AE****ts1 AECS>>11:30D. DRUGS: Acute/Voluntary/Under-Influcnce AE****ts2 AECS>>11:40A: ALC: Acute/Voluntary/Not-Under-Influence AE****tt1 AECS>>11:40D: DRUGS: Acute/Voluntary/Not-Under-Influrnce AE****tt2 Principle AECS>>1:00. Functional Stimulus identification AE****Bsa . Any event is a S if it functions in avcond DOWS Acq ARi w/S=any vapor that produces respiratory reflex - - All,WF'37- MSE- Reverse dominance if train w/submissive O as S for ARi - - Mur,JV'56+ hABO Determine threshold w/instruct "blink to avoid puff" - - - Atk,CJ'59- DIFS Avcond w/S = drug injection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Coo,L.'60e RN Title: Avcond w/reward ESB CS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mog,GJ'62+ CNUS Thalamic ESB effective S for avcond, decr-f(Mag(potential)) And,L.'64e DNU- Avcond w/midline thalamic ESB as S, harder than classcond - Sak,G.'65+ OAUU W/chinchilla, acq ARi w/S = change to novel sound - - - - - Luz,GA'69- PSPO Acq AR w/reinf = avoid attack by other O trnd to aggress - Sta,T.'72e Rxxx W/intact O, odor effective cue for AR re shock, Han,WG'76e but not for aversion re illness - - - - - - - - - - Han,WG'76e W/anosmic O, taste not effective cue for AR re shock, Han,WG'76e but effective for aversion re illness Han,WG'76e Sacc taste effective cue for AR re shock only if odorous Han,WG'76e MSPS W/CS to 1 of paired O, other O emit ARi re facial cues - - Mil,RE'76+ THC decr display facial cues, incr discrim of expressn Mil,RE'76+ RNUS 53% of O acq ARi re footshock w/S = unique reinf ESB - - - DWi,P.'79- OOUV Salamander acq ARi w/S = odor of amyl acetate, not camphor Mas,JR'81e RNxS Reinf hypothal self-ESB functioned as S for ARi - - - - - - DWi,P.'82- RNJS Acq ARi w/S = dorsal hippocamp ESB, w/genz to other sites - Lor,S.'83+ RAUO Some O acq ARi w/live > recorded pain cry of conspecific - Sim,PV'84- R S Avcond w/midbrain gray matter US, > w/footshock - - - - - - Iri,N.'87+ RNRO Acq place-pref ARi w/dorsal central gray stim as US - - - - Rob,VJ'87+ RCPH Acq AR w/reinf = avoid TO from food-reinf OpR - - - - - - - VHa,F.'94+ Systematic Analyses of Stimulus in Avoidance Conditioning baz Title: Signal functions in discrim avoid - - - - - - - - Gil,RM'71- R Title: Signal utilization w/discrim avoid - - - - - - - - Hur,HM'71e ECS>>1:10. Comparative effectiveness of S AE****bea . Note: S effectiveness may depend on nature of US RVJS Acq shuttle ARi w/lite S B4 shock, esp w/flickering lite - Gen,E.'34- CNW- Cond foreleg flex w/cerebral cortical ESB sim to tone/lite Dot,RW'56e RxPS Avcond w/noise > lite S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DAm,MR'64e S Title: Visual/acoustic CS in avcond - - - - - - - - - - - Oli,A.'67- RCJS Acq shuttle ARi w/sim > diff boxes, w/no effect of ITI - - Den,MR'69e Title: ARo as-f(appetitive/aversive CS) - - - - - - - - - Noa,JC'69- RVRS ARi perf w/buzz-lite > tone-lite; attrib to UR to buzz - - Osb,GL'75+ FVOS W/change-color S re shuttle ARi, S location on start > goal Zer,DJ'76+ FVJS W/goldfish and lite-on S, S on same side > both > opposite Zer,DM'76+ W/goldfish + lite-off S, S on same side =both =opposite Zer,DM'76+ RxJS Acq shuttle ARi w/flavor cue = tone cue - - - - - - - - - - Par,HB'81+ S1JS Lite = noise as warning S re shuttle ARi - - - - - - - - - Cic,GA'84+ R1JS Auditory S-->hi ARi, lo ITI R; visual S-->lo ARi, hi ITI R Zie,K.'91e RNJS Acq shuttle ARi w/ventral not lateral pontine ESB S - - - - Cas,MA'93+ R JS Acq shuttle ARi w/warning S in shock side > safe side - - - Esm,FJ'97e AECS>>1:20. Decrease in stimulus energy as S AE****beo . Genz: Decr in inten approx equal incr as S RVxS S-on = S-off in acq ARi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mow,OH'46+ RVJS ARi incr-f(amt incr/decr in S inten) - - - - - - - - - - - Sch,M.'58- RV No diff in avcond w/S=fast/slow incr/decr inten - - - - - - Sch.M.'58+ RAO- W/tone S, decr=incr inten as S for wheel ARi - - - - - - - Mye,AK'60- W/tone S, observe decr in intertrial R, and no pseudocond - Mye,AK'60- W/buzz S, decr < incr inten as S for wheel ARi - - - - - - Mye,AK'60- W/buzz S, decr < incr inten as pseudocond S, w/intertrial R Mye,AK'60- AECS>>2:00. Simult Compound S AE****bsa B1RS After compound trng, P(R) in extn w/compound > elements - - Bak,TW'69- Above incr-f(trng)=f(incr w/compound, not decr w/element Bak,TW'69- D1PS After trng ARi w/2 Ss separately, incr P(ARi) w/compound - LLo,VM'72+ RxPS After trng w/tone-lite warning S, emit ARo re either alone Bos,DE'73+ After above, temporal discrim w/out S or w/novel vibratn S Bos,DE'73+ P1Ox W/compound L/T warning S B4 extn/pun, L > T re control ARi For,DD'75+ CNJS Acq ARi facil w/hippocamp ESB concur w/S, decr if elim ESB Gra,S.'76- Hippocamp ESB alone after above trng did not evoke ARi Gra,S.'76- PxT- Pos reinf OpR controlled by lite S of lite/tone compound - LLo,VM'76+ Neg reinf ARo controlled by tone S of lite/tone compound LLo,VM'76+ Both above results w/var R-produced ext-fdbk LLo,VM'76+ R1PS Noise overshadow lite w/noise-on+lite-on compound S for ARi Jac,WJ'77+ No control by elements of noise-off+lite-on compound S Jac,WJ'77+ Lite overshadow noise w/noise-on+lite-on as fdbk for ARi Jac,WJ'77+ Control by both elements of noise-off+lite-on as fdbk Jac,WJ'77+ R1JS After trng w/tone-lite S, tone overshadows lite re P(ARi) - Cot,MM'83- R1PS After trng w/lite S for ARo, no control by added tone S - - Sch,CW'85+ R1JS W/mix noise/lite warning S, P(ARi) w/noise > lite - - - - - Zie,K.'95e W/above Ss in blocks of tr, inhib-of-delay w/noise>lite Zie,K.'95e AECS>>2:10. Temporal (serial) compound S in avcond AE****bsc R1JS Acq w/serial =simult compound S: R/Extn w/serial > compound Kos,DJ'65+ HVWS Lat(ARi) w/serial S1-S2-US >w/compound S1S2 only w/long ISI Lev,DJ'71- GVWS Lat(ARi) w/serial=compound Ss after pretrng w/Ss separately Lev,DJ'72+ R JS ARi perf w/serial S1-S2 warning S > S2S2 compound - - - - - Lev,DJ'72+ RUJS Pretrng ARi w/S1-shock decr Lat(ARi) w/serial S1-S2-shock - Lev,DJ'78e AECS>>3:00. (Conditioned) Stimulus intensity (CSI) AE****blc RVOS ARi incr-f(CSI) w/no effect on R/Extn - - - - - - - - - - - Kes,W.'53- RAJS P(shuttle ARi) incr-f(S inten) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dew,JH'65- N S Avcond incr-f(CSI), decr w/chlorpromazine - - - - - - - - - Chi,HL'66- RD Title: CSI/amobarbital sodium on AR - - - - - - - - - - - Pow,BJ'66e RAPS W/mult S trng, ARi incr-f(CSI), elim if no-sh w/max inten - Bir,JC'67+ RAJS Acq ARi incr-f(warning S inten) only w/hi USI - - - - - - - Bau,RH'72- RAJS ARi perf w/incr > decr in S inten w/varied background inten Jam,JP'73e ARi perf incr-f(change in S inten) only w/incr in inten Jam,JP'73e AECS>>4:00. Nature of the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) AE****cau PVL- Lite avoid effective motive for perceptual discrim - - - - Cal,WE'55+ CNJ- Acq hurdle ARi w/tone B4 hypothal ESB w/no pain cues - - - Coh,BD'57e RXX- Avcond w/radiation US rel to physiol mech and awareness - - Arb,J.'58- ROP- Avoid context assoc w/X/gamma radiation - - - - - - - - - - Gar,J.'58e RSUR Acq ARi w/squeal of another pained O only if paired w/shock Mil,N.'61- RFPO Avoid side of box where receive periodic gentling - - - - - Can,DK'62e RN Title: Avcond w/aversive brain S - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mog,GJ'62- RxxN Pref AR2-->no ESB w/distrib tr but pref OpR1-->ESB w/massed Bal,GG'65+ Implies ESB decr aversive aftereffects of prior ESB Bal,GG'65+ HVPO Maint ARo w/reinf = avoid TO from FT money-reinf sched - - Bar,A.'66+ HVPO Maint ARo w/reinf = avoid TO from FT money-reinf sched - - Bar,A.'66+ Decr above ARo during S B4 unavoid TO Bar,A.'66+ RCPO Maint ARo w/reinf = change in ambient temperature - - - - - Mat,TJ'71e O S W/tadpole, discontinuous US incr N/ER but not ARi - - - - - Hoy,WJ'73- OVPO W/jackdaw, acq ER/ARi w/US = broadcast distress call - - - Mor,PA'73+ Above Lat(ER/ARi) w/hi- > lo-fidelity equipment Mor,PA'73+ RCJS 1-way avcond decr w/pre-tr shock to another rat in safe box Dua,JK'74+ RURO Acq 1-way ARi w/ice-H2O as US - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hep,CC'84+ BNOO Acq ARi = jump to safe platform w/hypothal stim US - - - - Bel,VP'87+ RNJO Acq ARi w/inferior colliculus ESB US, decr w/S pre-expose - Bra,ML'97e AECS>>4:10. Relative effectiveness of US AE****ccu RVPO Anal (in)consistency of ARi w/US = aversive lite - - - - - Hef,RF'50- RxPS Avcond w/discon > continuous shock US - - - - - - - - - - - DAm,MR'64e R PS Avcond s/discontinuous shock max w/brief shock pulses - - - DAm,MR'65e RUPS Acq ARi w/brief-on pulsed US incr-f(.2/.5/1/2-sec off time) Kel,D.'65+ RCPS Acq discrim ARi w/low > hi constant current shock US - - - Hur,HM'66+ RCPS Acq discrim ARi not-f(shock power) - - - - - - - - - - - - Hur,HM'66+ ROPO Pref for context shielded from pulsed microwave energy - - Fre,AH'75+ ECS>>5:00. Unconditioned Stimulus Intensity (USI) AE****clu DVJS No effect of USI on acq/extn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bru,FR'57- R P- Rate(ARo) neg accel incr-f(USI) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bor,JJ'59e DAJS Shuttle avcond and cond incr HR incr-f(USI) - - - - - - - - Car,NJ'60- Title: Acq/extn as-f(USI) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Yam,RS'61- R PS Little maint of ARi, but long > short US duration - - - - - Cha,JA'64+ RAPS W/bar-press ARi, avcond decr-f(.1-2.2 ma USI) - - - - - - - Bol,RC'65+ RCJS Shuttle ARo w/imtermed > hi USI, latter --> R-suppression - Joh,JL'65+ R-PS ARi decr-f(USI), best w/discontin shock - - - - - - - - - - DAm,MR'66+ R PS After avcond w/weak shock, maint ARi incr-f(USI) - - - - - DAm,MR'67e RCPS Rate(ARo) incr-f(USI) w/incr/decr in rate w/incr/decr USI - Huf,FW'67e RUJS Acq ARi incr-fUSI), w/optimal ITI incr-f(USI) - - - - - - - Kur,PS'67+ R Title: USI in delay cond/extn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mar,L.'69+ R xS Perf not-f(USI) w/run-shuttle ARi; decr-incr-f w/jump ARi - Hen,ND'70- RCxS 1-way ARi incr-f(USI), 2-way ARi decr-f(USI) - - - - - - - Mar,HA'71e R Title: USI in avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MAl,WR'71e R S P(ARc) incr-decr-f(USI) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ban,U.'72- RAJS Acq ARi w/lo > hi USI, interp re incompatible freezing R - Bau,RH'72- F OS W/goldfish, acq shuttle ARi and ITI R incr-decr-f(USI) - - Gal,RL'72- R S Acq w/lo > hi USI, w/incr/decr AR perf w/decr/incr USI - - Ols,RD'73+ RfJ- Avcond inverse-f(USI) w/either R-produced S-off or ext-fdbk Cic,GA'76e Avcond not-f(USI) w/both R-produced S-off + ext-fdbk Cic,GA'76e HVB- Classcond incr-f USI on CR trials - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cla,CG'76+ R RS W/1-way ARi, avcond incr-f(USI) w/contin > discontin US - - Die,SE'76- RxPS Rate(ARo) incr-f(USI) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mye,AK'77- RUPS Maint ARo w/reinf=decr P(sh) in S1 vs hi P(sh) in S2 - - - Ber,PJ'78+ Incr above Rate(ARo) w/DRH re decr inten of RT shock Ber,PJ'78+ RCJS ARi decr-f(USI) w/grid floor in GB, incr-f w/solid floor - Boy,TL'79+ RUPS Barpress ARi w/weak>strong shock, but no incr w/shift hi-lo Yut,M.'79- RUJS Shuttle ARi decr-f(.25/.5/1-mamp USI) w/no effect on R/Extn Tob,A.'80- RUJS Shuttle ARi incr-f(aversiveness) w/contin, not discontin US Cot,MM'82- RCPS Rate(ARo) incr w/in session w/hi USI, decr w/lo USI - - - - Sag,T.'82- RCJS Perf ARo w/weak > strong shock, not-f(shock pre-exposure) - Sco,MT'82- Perf ARo w/strong sh incr w/preexpose w/avoidance apparatus Sco,MT'82- R1JO Perf ARi incr-decr-f(inten of white noise US) - - - - - - - Hug,RA'84+ AECS>>6:00. Reinf (US) sched in avcond AE****bfu RUB- After extensive non-cued trng, ARo maint w/intermittent US Bor,JJ'57+ RNPS W/pretrained O, maint ARi w/reinf = decr shock inten - - - Dal,G.'70+ Above obtained w/regular 10-sec incr in shock inten Dal,G.'70+ R PS Acq ARi incr-f(25/50/75/100% reinf) w/no effect on R/Extn - Dav,DG'71e OARS PRF (US occurs on 50% of trials)-->decr acq, incr R/Extn - Gal,PF'71- RCRS Rate acq but not terminal perf incr-f(P(shock if no ARi)) - MGi,RW'72+ R JS W/gerbil, P(ARi) w/100>50% shock avoid, no effect of R/Extn Gal,PF'76- RCJS Acq shuttle ARo incr-f(P(shock avoidance)) - - - - - - - - Cot,MM'81- After above, Hi R/Extn w/no effect of acq P(shock) MGi,RW'82+ ROOS Acq jump-up ARi incr-f time in "safe" area, indep of ITI - Hol,FA'89+ AECS>>7:00. Role of context in avcond AE****Nca xARS Unavoidable/escapable shock in ITI decr acq ARi - - - - - - Mow,OH'40- MVPS Rate(ARo) incr by sporadic shock indep of beh - - - - - - - Sid,M.'57e RHJ- After conting(buzz-IR,-sh)--ARi decr if change safe box - - Lam,K.'58+ R JS Acq w/hi > lo ceiling shuttlebox; no diff in retention - - Den,MR'60+ HSPS Acq ARc decr w/2nd person yoked to exper subj re shock - - Ade,R.'63+ MNPS Rate(ARo) incr w/some R-indep shocks w/w/out amygdalectomy Hea,E.'64+ C Title: Positional relations in avcond - - - - - - - - - - MAd,D.'64- RCLS GB diff from shock box facil ARi acq, incr R/Extn - - - - - Kna,RK'65- RAPS P(ARi) decr w/presence of another (naive) rat - - - - - - - Ulr,RE'65e R PS Acq w/ITI in carrying case > in exper chamber - - - - - - - Fan,E.'66e R Title: Spatial location in avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - Olt,DS'67+ ROPS Maint ARo perf w/incr temperature below regulatory capacity Bar,I.'71- RCRS Perf ARi max w/test at same time-of-day-night as trng - - - Hol,FA'73+ Effect not-f(absolute time in 12-12 lite-dark cycle) Hol,FA'73+ FOOS W/goldfish, acq ARi incr-f(12-24.C temperature) - - - - - - Zer,DJ'73- RCJS Shuttle avcond w/weak =strong shock if preexpose to context Die,SE'77- RCPS Perf ARo w/neg air ionization > pos air ions - - - - - - - Fal,V.'77+ R S Infrasounds during acq decr AR in acq and 24-h retention - Pet,A.'77e R JS Preexpose to avoid context incr ARi acq only w/hi USI - - - Ham,SR'80- Preexpose context w/warning S decr ARi acq only w/lo USI Ham,SR'80- Interp above re combined effect of amount fear decr w/AR Ham,SR'80- USI +amount of residual fear assoc w/context after AR Ham,SR'80- rURU Familiar home-cage stim facil acq/retention w/10-d old O - Mis,JR'86e RURS 1-way avcond incr-f(time in safety rel to time in danger) - Can,A.'89e ECS>>7:10. Paired avoidance AE****wca MVPS After trng ARi, maint ARi w/CS to 1 O and ARi by other - - Mil,RE'62e MVPS Perf cooperative ARi via facial R of O w/CS - - - - - - - - Mil,RE'63e RSPS After indiv ARo trng, decr in perf if pair O, w/aggression Dav,H.'69- RSWS No acq of cued wheel-turn ARi w/paired O - - - - - - - - - Log,FA'69+ Decr in ARi if paired O after indiv trng Log,FA'69+ In paired-avoid context, submissive O makes ER Log,FA'69+ In above context, aggress beh (incl mount) after sh term Log,FA'69+ Species diff in paired-avoid decrement Log,FA'69+ After paired-avoid trng, little perf of lrnd ARi singly Log,FA'69+ No paired-avoid decr w/shuttle ARi (both O make ARi) Log,FA'69+ RSPA W/paired O, acq ER not ARi w/sexual mounting and attack beh Flo,RK'71+ RSOS Paired avoid decrement variable, not-f(external inhib) - - Log,FA'71- P(paired avoid decrement) w/dominant > submissive O Log,FA'71- In paired avoid, ER by submissive O --> aggress by dominant Log,FA'71- Note: Above aggression often pseudo-sexual mount/thrusting Log,FA'71- Dominant stupidity: Greater the dominance of 1 or both O, Log,FA'71- the less avoid/escape beh in paired (social) context Log,FA'71- Hypo: Dominance hierarchy adaptive in nature, but dominant Log,FA'71- O maintains dominance at all costs (even to self) Log,FA'71- Genz: Dominance --> aggression in aversive contexts Log,FA'71- Above incl sibling rivalry, military, contests Log,FA'71- RSPS No acq ARo w/paired O, pairing decr ARo after indiv trng - Cun,WL'73+ FSL ARi acq facil w/group trng, transfer to indiv testing - - - War,JL'75e FSAU Zebra fish acq "shuttle" ARi in group of 5 > alone > pair - Gle,PE'77e RSOS Acq wheel-turn ARo if alone, not w/co-responder/spectator - Ben,JO'80e XXUU Group AR acq/perf is-f(hierarchical relations w/in group) - Pos,VP'83+ SSUS Indiv > group lrng if test in group - - - - - - - - - - - - Alp,HP'85+ ECS>>8:00. Role of AR-produced fdbk AE****bKa Of - Afferent fdbk nec to acq motor pattern in newt, not for use Cha,PE'40- D JS Elim peripheral autonomic w/surgical-drug trtmt decr ARi - Wyn,LC'55+ MfF- Initial loss but reacq AR after deafferentatn w/out vision Kna,HD'58e AfX- Can obtain AR w/deafferentation B4/after cond - - - - - - - Kon,J.'62- Mf - Can obtain AR w/deafferentatn B4/after cond w/AR-prod S-off Kna,HD'63e Mf - Deafferentatn decr AR (right-arm mvmt) w/left-arm shock US Tau,E.'63+ Recond AR after deafferentatn w/brief click S, w/out vision Tau,E.'63+ R RS Avcond incr-f(time in safe box) if diff from shock box - - Den,MR'64+ MfO- Cond AR after deafferentation w/brief click S, w/out vision Tau,E.'65e MfO- Cond grasp cylinder taped to hand after limb deafferentatn Tau,E.'66e RAPS Acq ARo facil w/brief R-conting S - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ell,JM'70+ ROOS Maint hold-deafferented-foot-up w/shock if lower it - - - - MLo,SC'74+ Rf - Fear during S in avcond decr-f(trng) - - - - - - - - - - - Sta,MD'77+ Fear during S did not decr in O yoked to above re S/US Sta,MD'77+ Fear during S decr in yoked O if ext-fdbk re AR of other Sta,MD'77+ Interp: AR-produced fdbk reduces fear Sta,MD'77+ RUPS Acq ARi if enable access to safe box, not if only no-shock, Cra,M.'78+ warning-signal off and safety signal on - - - - - - - - Cra,M.'78+ R1xS Shuttle avcond decr w/delay term of warning lite S - - - - Cic,GA'85+ Above decr elim w/ARi-produced fdbk noise-off, not noise-on Cic,GA'85+ AECS>>8:10. Cued avcond facil if S term by AR AE****bKc RAJS Acq ARi w/ARi-prod CS-off > brief/prolonged CS - - - - - - Mow,OH'42+ - Avcond facil by CRF vs PRF of escape R, termination of S - Bro,AL'57- RfJ- P(ARi) decr-f delay of S-off after both AR/ER, 0-10 sec - - Kam,LJ'57- RfJ- P(ARi) decr-f delay of S-off after AR only, 0-10 sec - - - Kam,LJ'57- R J- Acq ARi w/only CS-term or US-avoid, w/both nec for hi perf Kam,LJ'57- RVPS W/lite B4 shock, low P(ARo) if postpone sh w/out term lite Sid,M.'57+ RAJS Immed term CS by ER facil acq shuttle ARi vs B4/after ER - Kam,LJ'59- RUJS Acq shuttle ARi facil w/immed term both CS/US by ER - - - - Kam,LJ'59e RfJ- ARi acq incr-f(amt decr) in S-inten prod by AR - - - - - - Bow,GH'65e ARi acq facil by AR-prod fdbk S-on Bow,GH'65e ARi acq=if R prod S-change toward/away from between-trial S Bow,GH'65e xfW- W/compound S, greater control by element terminated by ARc Wic,DD'65- RfW- US-avoid most important rel to S-off and US-escape - - - - Bol,RC'66e Note: Hi rate of intertrial R w/little S-control Bol,RC'66e Rf - AR-produced lite-off or warning S off facil ARi - - - - - - Bol,RC'69+ RfJ- R-produced lite-off or warning S off facil ARi/ARo - - - - Bol,RC'70+ CUPS Acq short-latency ARi only if ARi terminates S + avoids sh Zie,K.'80+ More R during ITI if ARi does not terminate S Zie,K.'80+ AECS>>8.20. AR-produced putative exterocep fdbk AE****bKf HVH- Avcond w/HR ARc facil w/exterocep fdbk cue - - - - - - - - Ber,PJ'59e RfP- AR-produced click facil ARo (no click w/ER) - - - - - - - - Bol,RC'64+ RxB- Diff-ARc facil by AR-prod S, w/delay/trace proc - - - - - DAm,MR'68e RfB- Buzzer better as CS (decr bar-holding) than as AR-prod fdbk Hur,HM'68+ RAPS Temp incr in R/Extn w/R-produced S if trnd w/R-produced S - Bur,DD'71- RfW- R-produced click facil acq/perf of discrim wheel-turn ARi - Ler,BB'71- RfB- R-produced visual fdbk facil Op-avoid - - - - - - - - - - - Hur,HM'74e RfJ- Precond w/Mix Pair(S1,shock) + Pair(S1,S2,no-shock) (yoked) Mor,RG'75- Subsequent avcond facil by above S2 as AR-produced ext-fdbk Mor,RG'75- RfJ- Greatest facil of avcond if ext-fdbk produced by both AR/ER Kat,RD'76e OfJ- Facil effect of ext-fdbk not-f(fdbk duratn), trace/delay S Gal,PF'78+ RUJS 2-way shuttle ARi facil w/safe platform, attrib to reinf - Mod,HA'78- RUJS Shuttle ARi facil w/exterocep fdbk = CS term by ARi - - - - Tam,Y.'80- RAJS W/lo-Hz cue S, acq facil w/hi, not med-Hz post-ARi safety S Cot,MM'81- RVJS W/delayed CS-off, ARi w/darkness fdbk > flashing lite - - - Cal,EJ'86- Pre-expose w/apparatus visual cues decr effect of dark fdbk Cal,EJ'86- RVJ- Acq ARi facil by ext-fdbk, not-f fdbk duration (>1 sec) - - Can,A.'91e CS>>8:30. Both S-term and extereocep-fdbk AE****bKs RfB- Lo P(ARi) even w/CS-off and ext-fdbk unless can leave box - Mas,FA'70- RfJ- Trace S avcond = R-produced S-off, w/w/out ext-fdbk - - - - Kat,RD'76e OfJ- AR-produced ext-fdbk=S-off as reinf in avcond w/out summatn Gal,PF'77- RfJ- AR-produced S-off + ext-fdbk facil avcond - - - - - - - - - Owe,JW'77e 2 AR-produce ext-fdbk S w/out S-off did not facil avcond Owe,JW'77e OfJ- AR-prod S-off + ext-fdbk facil avcond w/30-sec ITI, not 90 Gal,PF'78+ Systematic analysis of S-term in avcond AE****bKx RfJ- Interp: R-produced S-off is sec reinf in cued avcond - - - Kam,LJ'57- Dfx- HR changes w/CS term, not w/ARc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bla,AH'65- RURS Acq 1-way ARi not-f(S term), w/little effect of safety time Mas,FA'78e R JS Shuttle ARi persist as long as warning signal remains on - Her,RT'81- Effect of warning signal term not= external fdbk Her,RT'81- Systematic analysis of exterocep fdbk AE****bKy RfO- Fewer ulcers if given R-produced fdbk in avoid sit - - - - Wei,JM'71- R PS Acq discrim ARi facil w/safety signal after ER/AR - - - - - Dil,PV'72e RfPS ARo perf facil w/visual R-produced fdbk - - - - - - - - - - Hur,HM'72e RAPS Rate(ARo) is-f sched of R-produced fdbk S - - - - - - - - - Bur,D.'73- RVPS Disable R-lever after shock and ARo fdbk lite facil acq ARo Par,WP'73+ ROPS Maint hi P(ARi) w/lever-in S and lever-out after R - - - - Hul,JH'75e OfJ- Interp: Facil effect of ext-fdbk--Expectancy of info value Gal,PF'78+ AfX- Operationally same concepts in info vs fear th of ext-fdbk Gal,PF'79- Systematic analysis of S-term/ext-fdbk AE****bKz Interp: Fdbk S, incl warning S off, serves as safety signal Bol,RC'69+ RfJ- Interp: R-produced S-off not=ext-fdbk, effects summate - - Cic,GA'76e OfJ- Interp: Ext-fdbk ineffective if redundant w/S-off - - - - - Gal,PF'77- RfJ- Interp: Effect of ext-fdbk on avcond not same as S-off Owe,JW'77e AECS>>9:00. Effect of R-independent US on AR AE****cCu RCPS Maint ARo w/R-indep shocks immed after acq, 24-h after extn Hur,HM'72e RCPS After extended trng, R-indep shock elicit incr Rate(ARo) - Pow,RW'72- AECS>>10:00. Miscellaneous Current-S Independent Variable AE****bax R JS Shuttle ARi facil w/temporary safe platform on goal side - Mod,HA'75- RCPS Re N/shocks avoided, ARo perf hi in mid-dark phase and Ghi,WB'76+ lo in late-lite phase of diurnal cycle, not-f(gen acty) Ghi,WB'76+ FUPS In Y-maze, acq pref for cue assoc w/safety vs shock - - - - Zer,DJ'79+ Relevant uncoded root-abstracts RxJS Acq shuttle ARi decr w/delay of S-term on escape trials - - Bol,RC'70e Note: Immed S-term on avoid trials, interp re safety signal Bol,RC'70e FVOS Shuttle perf w/goldfish w/S on start > both sides - - - - - Zer,DJ'76- Above w/incr in illum as S, not w/change in color Zer,DJ'76- Attrib effect to neg phototactic effect of lite onset Zer,DJ'76- Relevant(?) unabstracted-uncoded literature H Title: Avcond as-f(US) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MDo,GA'44- M TItle: Sched of aversive control - - - - - - - - - - - - - App,JB'60- MV Title: S size/proximity on avoid - - - - - - - - - - - - - Men,EW'62- CN Title: Subcortical S for avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nie,HC'62e R Title: PRF on selective lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pav,WB'62+ R P Title: S duration on delayed avcond - - - - - - - - - - - Pea,J.'62+ Title: Matching w/aversive (Herrnstein) - - - - - - - - - DVi,PA'64- R Title: Warning signal on ITI R - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mat,Y.'64+ Title: S aspects of aversive control - - - - - - - - - - - Hof,HS'65- Title: Anal of punish-induced facil - - - - - - - - - - - Mar,RC'66+ Title: IR re equal-aversion functions - - - - - - - - - - Mas,FA'66- C Title: Avcond as-f shock inten, trng sch - - - - - - - - - Wol,JW'66e M Title: Motivators of avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pol,VJ'67+ RN Title: Facil Sidman avoid w/pos ESB - - - - - - - - - - - Mar,DL'68+ RAR Title: Appetitive S on avoid - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gro,NE'69e R Title: Suppress avoid by pre-aversive S - - - - - - - - - Hur,HM'69+ M Title: Temporal parameters in avoid - - - - - - - - - - - Hym,A.'69- M Title: Cued R-indep shocks on AR - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pom,OF'69- Title: S correl w/R-indep shock on avoid - - - - - - - - - Pom,OF'70- Title: Shock inten w/mult avoid sched - - - - - - - - - - Pow,RW'70- RUP Title: Sidman avoid as-f(shock inten) - - - - - - - - - - Rie,D.'70- RNJ Title: Cerebellar stim as CS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Asd,D.'71+ RA Title: Loud buzzer on acq/extn of ARi - - - - - - - - - - Bau,M.'71e Title: Discrim S w/ARo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rou,WS'71- Title: R-shock interval + shock inten - - - - - - - - - - Kle,M.'72+ Title: S function in avcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ONe,WS'72- Title: Law of effect and CR mod of US - - - - - - - - - - Gor,I.'73+ Title: Rate meas of signal/unsignal shock - - - - - - - - MDo,L.'73+ R Title: Avcond in B/W shuttlebox - - - - - - - - - - - - - Moo,SA'74e R E Title: Reward mag and shock variables - - - - - - - - - - MAl,DE'76e R Title: Continuous punish Op-avoid - - - - - - - - - - - - Pow,RW'77+ Title: Shock inten in lrnd helplessness - - - - - - - - - Ros,RA'78+ PAP Title: Signal-controlled responding - - - - - - - - - - - Lew,P.'79+ oGC Title: Concur avoid in 2 hemispheres - - - - - - - - - - - Gas,KE'80- GYL Title: Avcond w/explicit/R-conting cues - - - - - - - - - Zer,DJ'80+ RA Title: Nonassoc effects of Ss - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rob,AE'82- FVJ Title: Classcond "avoid" w/linear proc - - - - - - - - - - Ima,S.'84e R Title: USI/R-shock interval on avoid - - - - - - - - - - - Iso,H.'88-