LOGAN: LAWS OF LEARNING (Basic Processes) July 2004 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: Inhibition Current Response Independent Variables Contents Paradigmatic/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Positive/Interdependent-Operation Principle CICR>>1:00. Differential Classical Conditioning Cp****aaa Principle CICR>>1:10. Functional Identification of Cue Cp****aaa CICR>>1:11. Diff-Classcond w/Visual Ss Cp****aad CICR>>1:12. Diff-Classcond w/Auditory Ss Cp****aae CICR>>1:13. Diff-Clascond w/Tactual Ss Cp****aaf Systematic Analyses of Differential Classical Conditioning Cp****aaz Law CICR>>1:20. Diff-Classcond incr-f similarity of S1/S2 Cp****aes Behavioral/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Negative/Interdependent-0peration CICR>>1:30. Experimental Neuroses Cp****uqr Paradigmatic/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Positive/Interdependent-Operation CICR>>2:00. Diff-Classcond based on Reinforcement Schedule Cp****afu CICR>>2:10. Diff-Classcond involving S-decrease Cp****aet CICR>>2:20. Diff-Classcond based on diff in USI Cp****aku CICR>>2:30. Diff-Classcond based on diff in ISI Cp****aji CICR>>3:00. Diff-Classcond as-f(USI) Cp****alu CICR>>3:01. Diff-Classcond as-f(US-duration) Cp****alv CICR>>4:00. Diff-Classcond as-f(N/trials) Cp****ana CICR>>4:01. Diff-Classcond as-f(extended trng) Cp****ane CICR>>4:10. Diff-Classcond as-f(Proportion trials S+) Cp****anp CICR>>5:00. S-order effects in Diff-Classcond Cp****aos CICR>>5:10. Diff-Classcond as-f(ISI) Cp****aia CICR>>5:20. Diff-Classcond as-f(ITI) Cp****aha CICR>>6:00. Compare Stimuli re Diff-Classcond Cp****aqs CICR>>6:10. Diff-Classcond w/Linguistic/Semantic S Cp****aQs CICR>>7:00. (A)symmetry of Diff-Classcond re S1/S2 Cp****aqu CICR>>7:10. P(CR) to S+ as-f(Diff-Classcond) Cp****aqv CICR>>7:20. P(CR) to S- as0f(Diff-Classcond) Cp****aqw Systematic Analyss of Differential Performance Cp****aqz CICR>>8:00. Diff-Classcond w/Compound S Cp****asa CICR>>8:10. Control by Compound after Diff-Classcond Cp****asc CICR>>8:20. Control by Elements after Diff-Classcond Cp****ase CICR>>8:30. Serial Stimuli in Diff-Classcond Cp****ass CICR>>8:40. Role of Context in Diff-Classcond Cp****aCc CICR>>8:41. Induction Effects in Diff-Classcond Cp****aCi CICR>>8:42. Diff-Classcond based on Location Cp****aoc CICR>>8:50. Diff-Classcond based on Context Cp****aCC Systematic Analyses of Compound Stimulus in Diff-Classcond Cp****asz Behavioral/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdependent-Operation Principle CICR>>9:00. Conditioned Inhibition Cp****nsi CICR>>9:10. Induction effects in Cond Inhibition Cp****nsj Systematic Analyses of Conditioned Inhibition Cp****nsz CICR>>10:00. Post-cond Treatment Effects on Diff-Classcond Cp****nes CICR>>11:00. Neural Correlates of Diff-Classcond Cp****nNc CICR>>11:10. Concurrent HR Effects in Diff-Classcond Cp****nNh Paradigmatic/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdependent-Operation CICR>>12:00. Lat(CR) in Diff-Classcond Cp****btc CICR>>13:00. Generality of Diff-Classcond Cp****bYc Relevant Uncoded Root-Abstracts Relevant(?) Unabstracted/Uncoded Literature Principle CICR>>1:00. Differential Classical Conditioning Cp****aaa Mix Pair(S1,US1) + Pair(S2,US2) --> diff CR re S1/S2 Principle CICR>>1:10. Functional Identification of Cue Cp****aaa S1/S2 differ if diff CR re S1/S2 Term: S1=S+ and S2=S- when S2 is nonreinforced Note: S2 paired w/weaker US DXS- Diff-cond is a method to determine analyzing capacity (131) Pav,IP'27- DAS- Diff-classcond w/tone inten, metronome rate (140) - - - - - Pav,IP'28- Diff-classcond w/ascending vs descending tones (141) Pav,IP'28- DxS- Diff-CR indicates very fine discrim capacity, incr w/trng - Raz,GH'29+ DxW- Diff-classcond w/draw left/right paw re lite/sound S - - - Ily,PN'30- Diff-cond w/draw left/right w/2 sounds only after above Ily,PN'30- Dxxx Diffcond salivation re tone S, flexion re vibration S - - - Sou,GF'32+ PAWO Diffcond re N/sound-strokes (eg, 3 vs 1 or 2) - - - - - - - Ri.,CS'34- OAF- Inhib of CR in diffcond facil if term S- just as R imminent Par,R.'40- DXF- Diff CR w/buzz vs forepaw shock CS, hindpaw shock US - - - Pro,NH'42+ DTS- Diff-cond w/S on opposite sides of tongue, not same side - Gav,LN'61- DA - Little discrim of higher hz tone, absolute hz changed daily Cho,H.'62+ DAH- Diff-classcond to diff location of buzz B4 shock US - - - - Jaw,K.'62+ DAS- Diffcond S to 1 eye vs other only if US contralateral to S+ Kol,TE'62- DTX- Diffcond diff inten/duration labyrinthine S re swinging - - Tev,VG'63- HAB- No facil of diff-classcond by fading-in S- - - - - - - - - Col,SR'65e DAH- Diff motor, heart, respiration classcond/extn/recond - - - Dyk,RA'65e Note: Maint indiv diff in pattern of perf thru above Dyk,RA'65e PVH- Diff-classcond HR accel and respiration - - - - - - - - - - Coh,DH'66+ RAx- Acq diff-CER sooner than diff-HR, w/Pair(tones,shock) - - - Par,JT'67- HAB- Rel ease of diff-classcond related to genz of excit/inhib - Hom,MJ'68- BAH- Better diff-classcond w/delay than w/trace proc, at all ISI Man,AA'69e H1B- Diff-classcond based on intertrial S B4 reinf trials - - - Moo,JW'69e Above diff-cond better if intertrial S in diff modality Moo,JW'69e Above diff-cond poor if intertrial S brief w/delay B4 S Moo,JW'69e BAB- Initial diff-CR facil by blocks of S-/S+ trng after S+ CRF OMa,P.'69e RAA- Diff-cond antic incr acty, w/R to S- below random control S Zam,E.'69+ HLG- Diffcond w/Ss = true/false answers re mock theft - - - - - Wor,N.'70- HxO- Rated inten of shock US not-f antic Mag(CR) - - - - - - - - Fur,JJ'71+ CNS- Diff-cond to diff spatial pattern of ESB w/mult electrodes Kog,AB'71+ B1B- Diff-classcond HR but not blink CR w/lite S+ vs tone S- - - Pow,DA'71e Diff-cond HR + blink CR w/lite incr S+ vs lite decr S- Pow,DA'71e H G- P(CR) greater to S+ than random control S, w/random ITI US Pro,WF'73e P(CR) lower to S- than random control S, w/random ITI US Pro,WF'73e HVH- Diff-classcond HR w/homocide/innocuous pictures as US - - - Woo,K.'73- HVG- Diff-classcond both pos/neg components of skin potential R Gla,K.'74+ HNB- Orienting R, meas w/HR decel, incr-decr-f trng w/diff-cond Put,LE'74e Above w/good conditioners, orient R interference w/poor Put,LE'74e HAB- Diff-tracecond = diff-delay-classcond w/ISI=500-1400 msec - Ros,SM'74e HLB- Detect diff in CR topography B4 diff P(CR) to S+/S- - - - - Zaj,MJ'74+ V-O show hi P(CR) to both S+/S-, w/decr to S- w/diffcond - Zaj,MJ'74+ C-O show lo P(CR) to both S+/S-, w/incr to S+ w/diffcond - Zaj,MJ'74+ Diffcond stages: S-detectn, S-identify, R-selectn, R-modify Zaj,MJ'74+ PxH- Diff-classcond w/auditory, not visual S; reverse w/OR - - - Del,JD'78+ HAGO Diffcond GSR/HR w/RT to tone Ss as nonaversive US - - - - - Lip,OV'88+ CICR>>1:11. Diff-Classcond w/Visual Ss Cp****aad PVe- W/Pair(incr-inten-key-lite,shock), jnd=log-f(inten) - - - - Shu,SA'66e BAx- CI acq + diff-cond faster w/HR than nictitating membrane - Yeh,AL'68- H1GO Diffcond GSR w/cool air-puff to forehead not-f environ temp Kle,KC'69+ HVGO Diffcond fear/happy faces w/shock paired w/fear > happy - - Orr,SP'80+ CICR>>1:12. Diff-Classcond w/Auditory Ss Cp****aae DAS- Diffcond pitch of note on harmonica - - - - - - - - - - - - She,WT'19- DAFS Diffcond re location of sound S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gir,E.'38- FAR- Tone freq-diff threshold incr-f absolute freq w/goldfish - Fay,RR'70- CICR>>1:13. Diff-Clascond w/Tactual Ss Cp****aaf DTLU Diffcond w/opposite side w/same < diff tactile location Ss Vas,LV'46+ RGC- Devel pref for flavor assoc w/sucrose vs flavor-quinine - - Cam,DH'88+ Systematic Analyses of Differential Classical Conditioning Cp****aaz XXX- Practice in discrim incr ability to detect diff (252) - - - Jam,W.'00- XXX- Use diff-cond w/any organism to study any sensory system - Wat,JB'16- DTS- Diffcond w/sim Ss more demanding than cond inhib Anr,GV'23- hVLH Attrib indiv diff in lrng re sequences of Ss to excit/inhib Fad,V.'29- XXX- Irradiation + diff-inhib produce adaptive state of affairs Hul,CL'29- HXX- Diff-CR = Summation of pos/neg cond/vol tendencies + genz - Hil,ER'38- XXX- Diffcond based on excit pot re S+, inhib re S-/incidental S Hul,CL'52- Both excit/inhib genz along S+/S- continuum (87) Hul,CL'52- Due to S-inten-dynamism, inten diffcond best w/strong S+ Hul,CL'52- HLB- S-->recog/anal---STM/LTM---R-decision/output--Reinf conting Gra,DA'65- R-shaping based on cybernetic fdbk loop, incl R-effort Gra,DA'65- Implies incr CR to S+ incr-decr CR to S- w/neutral S+/S- Gra,DA'65- Implies elevated CR to S- w/V-O w/incongruous S+/S- Gra,DA'65- Implies better diff-cond re both S+/S- w/congruous S+/S- Gra,DA'65- Incl wrong arith S+ congruent w/LTM re punish errors Gra,DA'65- Implies poorer diff-cond re both S+/S- w/right arith S+ Gra,DA'65- BxB- Meas sensitivity/responsivity in diff-cond w/signal detectn Fre,PW'73+ Law CICR>>1:20. Diff-Classcond incr-f similarity of S1/S2 Cp****aes Issue: Relation of Diff-Classcond to S/Genz Note: How determine S sim independently of Diff-Classcond DxS- Change S+ to S- w/in trial decr CR after S- onset (180) - - Pav,IP'27- Above decr incr-f diff between S+ and S- (180) Pav,IP'27- DTS- Hi S/Genz, poor diff-cond w/bilateral symmetrical S (326) - Pav,IP'28- HVB- Diff-cond decr-f(S-sim) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gyn,MD'57- DAU- Diffcond to ascending vs descending tones only in some O - Mer,TA'57- DAS- Diff-classcond of unilateral CR difficult w/unilateral S - Lap,IA'61- HAB- Diff-classcond incr-f(CSI) and diff in S freq/inten - - - - Moo,JW'64- HAB- Diff-CR decr-f(S sim), mainly thru decr CR to S- - - - - - Bit,VE'66- HLB- Diff-classcond not-f relatedness of verbal S+/S- - - - - - Cer,LE'69- BAB- Poor diff-classcond w/very sim S at various ISI - - - - - - Chi,DC'69e HLB- Diff-cond decr-f(N/common letters) in syllable S - - - - - Fle,RA'69e Above effect due to lower P(CR) to S+ w/sim S Fle,RA'69e Diff-cond slower w/varied S+/S- Fle,RA'69e BAB- Diff-classcond decr-f(S sim) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fre,PW'69- BAB- Better diff-cond w/400 vs 1600 hz S than same diff at hi hz Hup,RB'69e HVB- P(CR) to each of 6 S- incr-f physical proximity to S+ - - - Pro,WF'69e HLB- Diff-classcond decr-f N/unrelated words in S+/S- sets - - - Per,LC'71e Diff-cond incr-f N/related words in S+/S- sets for Vol-O Per,LC'71e BNB- Diff-cond w/diff inten of ESB as S+/S- even w/hi inten S- - Sch,N.'71e Diff-cond w/single inten ESB as S- > than w/varied S- Sch,N.'71e RXE- Pos/neg emot cond facil by diffcond w/S- in same dimension Spe,NE'89e CICR>>1:30. Experimental Neuroses Cp****uqr DXXX Conflict re excit/inhib-->pathological disturbance (302) - Pav,IP'27- OUF- 4:16 sheep devel exper neurosis w/prolong motor defense CR And,OD'36+ xxx- W/pig/sheep, P(exper neurosis) is-f(blocking motor beh) - - Lid,HS'37- MAOH After diffcond, no "exper neurosis" re prolonged S- - - - - Kam,SD'39- RVOU Devel procedure for exper neurosis w/classcond w/rat - - - Bij,SW'42- DAS- Estab durable exper neurosis w/conflict re sim S+/S- - - - Gan,WH'42- OXX- Prolonged diff-cond w/sheep/pig leads to exper neurosis - - Lid,HS'42- Attrib to monotonous patterns of S, restraint in box Lid,HS'42- RVO- Incr in 'excitable beh' w/decr S-sim in diff-cond - - - - - Bij,SW'43- XXX- Reviews research w/sheep and goats on exper neurosis - - - Lid,HS'54- x1x- No exper neurosis in rat/dog w/change from food to shock US Nov,V.'62- DAS- Maintain CR w/acid US while exper neurosis based on food US Sko,TN'62- DAU- Diffcond re location of S; exper neurosis if too close - - Kha,MM'65- CICR>>2:00. Diff-Classcond based on Reinforcement Schedule Cp****afu HAB- Diff-cond only if P(Pair(S1,US)) >.5 + P(Pair(S2,US))=0 - - New,FL'67- DAS- Diff-CR only w/CRF of S1 vs nonreinf S2, not w/PRF of S1/S2 Sad,EW'68- H G- Lower Mag(CR) w/PRF if US occurrence predictable - - - - - Hil,FA'69- HVB- Pretrng diff-cond w/P(US)=0 for S- facil w/P(US) >0 for S- New,FL'69+ D H- 3 S w/CRF/PRF/nonreinf--CR w/PRF=nonreinf, less than CRF - Roy,FL'69- HVB- W/CRF for S1, diff-classcond decr-f(P(reinf)) of S2 - - - - Pet,GB'70+ Above effect direct-f(S1/S2 sim) Pet,GB'70+ H G- Equal diff-cond w/S- explicitly unpaired or truly random - Fur,JJ'71- H B- Greater discriminability re TSD w/CRF than PRF to S+ - - - Sub,MD'72+ Greater R/Extn + discrim after PRF than CRF to S+ in acq Sub,MD'72+ H X- Equal diff-cond w/S- explicitly unpaired or truly random - Fur,JJ'74- H G- Pos CR to random S if mix w/S- in diff-classcond - - - - - Gri,WW'79e CICR>>2:10. Diff-Classcond involving S-decrease Cp****aet DxS- Diff-classcond to term of diff tone or lite S - - - - - - - Iva,AI'61- BAB- Equal diff-classcond w/US paired w/onset or offset of tone Liu,SS'69+ HAB- Diff-classcond re amt-change in CSI only w/incr CSI - - - - Vol,DB'70- CICR>>2:20. Diff-Classcond based on diff in USI Cp****aku HAB- Pair(S1,hi-US,short ISI) + Pair(S2,lo-US,long ISI) - - - - Spe,KW'63+ Above diff-classcond better than v/versa Spe,KW'63+ Dxx- Diffcond w/diff USI or diff ISI to same S in diff sit (134) Asr,EA'65- DxS- Gradual incr/decr in Mag(CR) w/incr/decr Amt(food-US) (141) Asr,EA'65- HUG- Diff CR w/sensory precond and cond w/incr USI - - - - - - - Whi,K.'89+ CICR>>2:30. Diff-Classcond based on diff in ISI Cp****aji DAF- Diff-classcond 1.5 vs 2.5-min ISI w/same tone in a.m./p.m. Dmi,AS'61+ HVB- Sim P(CR) w/Lat(CR) of short ISI to both S - - - - - - - - Omi,M.'68- Dxx- Diff-classcond w/diff USI or diff ISI in diff rooms Asr,EA'69- HVB- Diff-cond w/400 vs 800 msec ISI--Observed diff in Lat(CRs) Van,WE'69- BAB- Diff-classcond w/diff ISI, greater P(CR) than w/varied ISI Fre,PW'70- B1B- Diff Lat(CR) re diffcond compound vs elements w/diff ISI - Keh,EJ'89e BAB- Diff Lat(CR) w/diffcond re ISI if diff Ss, not w/sim Ss - - Keh.EJ'93e CICR>>3:00. Diff-Classcond as-f(USI) Cp****alu HXB- Mix Pair(S1,hi-USI) + Pair(S2,lo-USI)--More CR to S1 - - - Spe,KW'58e HxG- Mix Pair(S1,hi-USI) + Pair(S2,lo-USI)--More cond to S1 - - Wic,DD'65+ RAe- Diff CER incr-f S+ shock inten, not-f mag pos reinf for OpR Ayr,JJ'68- HVG- Diffcond incr-f(USI) w/both trace/delay proc - - - - - - - Zei,AR'68- RAe- Diff-cond CER incr-f(USI), decr-f(age, prob difficulty) - - Par,WP'69- HVB- Diff-classcond incr-f(USI), esp w/neutral instruct - - - - Sub,MD'69+ HxG- Crossmodal diff-classcond incr-f(shock USI) - - - - - - - - Fur,JJ'71- Some crossmodal diff-classcond even w/identical reinf Fur,JJ'71- BAO- Jaw-mvmt diff-CR incr-f(Mag(water US)) - - - - - - - - - - Pou,CX'74- CICR>>3:01. Diff-Classcond as-f(US-duration) Cp****alv HVG- Diff-classcond not-f shock US duration - - - - - - - - - - Bit,ME'52e CICR>>4:00. Diff-Classcond as-f(N/trials) Cp****ana DVX- S- "not indifferent" after diffcond; R to S- is-f(state) - Kup,PS'60+ CICR>>4:01. Diff-Classcond as-f(extended trng) Cp****ane BAH- Mag(diff-CR) incr-decr-f N/acq sessions - - - - - - - - - - Man,AA'69e CICR>>4:10. Diff-Classcond as-f(Proportion trials S+) Cp****anp MVH- Diff-CR better w/more S- trials than S+ trials - - - - - - Mil,RE'69+ CICR>>5:00. S-order effects in Diff-Classcond Cp****aos HVG- No diff in CR after diff-classcond w/backward ISI - - - - - Man,IJ'67+ CICR>>5:10. Diff-Classcond as-f(ISI) Cp****aia HVB- Max CR to S+ at 600 msec ISI but diff CR incr up to 1 sec - Har,TF'62+ HAG- Diff-cond incr-f(ISI), w/Amp(CR) to S+/S- incr-decr-f(ISI) Kim,HD'63+ H1G- Diffcond re P(1st R to CS) not-f(ISI), .5 vs 5 sec - - - - Loc,RA'64+ Diffcond re P(2nd R to CS) greater w/5 than .5 sec ISI Loc,RA'64+ HAB- Max diff-CR at 800-msec ISI, re 400-1200, longer w/hi USI - Bit,VE'66- HAG- Max CR to S+ at 1-sec ISI, but max diff-cond at 4-sec ISI - Hun,DP'67- hAB- Diff-classcond only w/500 msec ISI in retardates - - - - - Joh,JT'67+ BAx- Blink CR to S+ decr-f(ISI) .25-6.75 msec w/max diff at .75 Van,DH'67+ Respiratn S+ CR incr-f(ISI) .25-6.75 msec w/no diff-CR Van,DH'67+ Max HR CR/max diff-CR at 2.25-msec ISI, less short/long Van,DH'67+ HVB- Lower P(CR) w/.5-sec ISI than w/1.2-sec ISI, w/in O - - - - Kim,GA'68e D S- Diff Mag(CR) greatest w/5 than 2 or 10-sec ISI - - - - - - Ost,JW'68e Above ISI effect mainly on CR to S+ Ost,JW'68e HLB- Diff-classcond poorer at 600 than 1000-msec ISI - - - - - - Cer,LE'69- BAB- Diff-classcond w/very diff S not-f(ISI) - - - - - - - - - - Chi,DC'69e BAB- Diff-classcond facil by long ISI if mature O w/sim S - - - Fre,PW'69- BAH- CR+ and diff-CR decr-f(ISI), 7, 14, 21 sec - - - - - - - - Man,AA'69e HVB- Diff-cond incr-f(ISI), 500/800/1100 msec, w/out masking - - May,MJ'69+ Optimal ISI for diff-cond incr-f S complexity, w/masking May,MJ'69+ HVB- Diff-cond re separatn of S only w/800-msec ISI, not shorter Van,WE'69- HAB- Diff-cond incr-f(ISI) 500-800 msec w/fast onset, lo inten S Wil,SM'69+ HxG- Best cond w/forward '75-sec ISI, but cond w/long + backward Fur,JJ'70- CxW- Diff-cond compound from elements incr-f(ISI) - - - - - - - Wic,DD'70e HVG- Diff-P(CR) incr-decr-f(ISI), max longer for longer-lat(CR) Jen,WR'73+ HAB- Diff-cond incr-f(ISI), 300-800 msec, not-f(ISI), 800-1400 - Ros,SM'74e HLB- Poorer diff-cond at 600 than 1000/1400 msec ISI w/verbal S Per,LC'76- HLx- Diffcond GSR w/.5>10-sec ISI; reverse w/digital vasomotor R Mal,I.'79+ CICR>>5:20. Diff-Classcond as-f(ITI) Cp****aha HVB- Diff-CR greatest w/reg S order and long ITI - - - - - - - - Col,LE'42e DUS- Diff-classcond incr-f(ITI), 4-20 min - - - - - - - - - - - Tro,ZV'46- CICR>>6:00. Compare Stimuli re Diff-Classcond Cp****aqs DxF- Ease of diffcond ordered: Auditory/olfactory/touch/visual All,WF'44- RxC- Diff-cond(flavor-of-food,radiation) re decr intake - - - - Gar,J.'68e No diff-cond(size-of-food,radiation) re decr intake Gar,J.'68e Diff-cond(size-of-food,shock) re decr intake Gar,J.'68e No diff-cond(flavor-of-food,shock) re decr intake Gar,J.'68e Note: Above shock was immed punish Gar,J.'68e Note: Above diff-cond run w/diff S on diff days Gar,J.'68e CICR>>6:10. Diff-Classcond w/Linguistic/Semantic S Cp****aQs HLB- Poor diffcond if color-word S printed in opposite color - - Lev,CM'66- Above effect due to hi P(CR) to S- Lev,CM'66- HLB- No effect of congruity of S w/puff on diff-classcond - - - Bor,EY'67e HLB- Diff-cond better w/words blink/don't-blink if match w/US - Bun,DC'67+ HLB- Diff-classcond decr-f N/related words in S+/S- for C-O - - Cer,LE'68e Diff-classcond decr-f N/related words in S+/S- for C-O Cer,LE'68e Diff-classcond not-f N/related words in S+/S- for V-O Cer,LE'68e HOB- Better diff-cond w/correct arith display as S+, wrong as S- Fle,RA'68e HLB- Arith correctness of visual S effective cue for diff-cond - Fle,RA'68e Above diff-cond transfer to words right and wrong Fle,RA'68e Above diff-cond better if wrong S are S+ Fle,RA'68e HLB- Truth/falsity of visual verbal S effective cue for diffcond Fle,RA'68e Above diff-cond did not transfer to words true and false Fle,RA'68e HLB- Compatibility of CS and US only affects vol R - - - - - - - Bun,DC'70e HLB- Diff-classcond not-f relatedness of verbal S+/S- - - - - - Per,LC'76- CICR>>7:00. (A)symmetry of Diff-Classcond re S1/S2 Cp****aqu HAB- Diff-classcond w/loud=S+ superior to soft=S+ - - - - - - - Moo,JW'64- RAe- Diff-classcond based on inten faster w/strong S+ - - - - - Zie,K.'65- HVB- Better diff-cond w/correct arith problem as S+ - - - - - - Bar,ES'72- RAe- Diff-classcond re CSI easier w/hi CSI as S+ - - - - - - - - Jak,E.'76+ RVe- Greater CER w/incr inten = S+, decr inten = S-, vs v/versa Wel,RL'77+ RTe- Diffcond: No-shock at noise onset signals shock vs v/versa Reb,D.'78- Above feature-neg easier than v/versa w/shock signals sh Reb,D.'78- x N- Single cell R in parastriate cortex to S+/S-, not to both - DTo,L.'79e RGC- Diffcond MORPH as danger cue B4 Pair(taste,LiCl) - - - - - Ski,DM'95e In above, other-drug > saline = no-S as safety cue Ski,DM'95e Maint above w/naxolone B4 trng; interp MORPH= occasn set Ski,DM'95e MORPH as safety cue must overlap trng; MORPH= cond inhib Ski,DM'95e CICR>>7:10. P(CR) to S+ as-f(Diff-Classcond) Cp****aqv HVB- Incr in P(CR) smaller after 1st S+ trial than 2nd in series Pro,WF'68e BAB- CR to S+ after diff-classcond same as PRF - - - - - - - - - Chi,DC'69e HVB- P(CR) to S+ not-f physical proximity of S- in 7-lite array Pro,WF'69e HVB- P(CR) to S1 w/CRF decr-f percent reinf of S2 - - - - - - - All,CK'71+ BAO- Jaw-mvmt CR to S+ not-f(sim of S-), = 1-cue cond - - - - - Pou,CX'74- In above, train w/Pair(S+,US) B4 diff-cond Pou,CX'74- R H- Pair(S+,US)--decr CR to S+ w/random/unpair(S-,US) not w/S- Fit,R.'86+ CICR>>7:20. P(CR) to S- as0f(Diff-Classcond) Cp****aqw DxS- CR to sim S decr by diff nonreinf (118) - - - - - - - - - - Pav,IP'27- HVB- P(CR) to S- decr-f(N/S- trials) w/1-sec ISI, not w/.5-sec - Ost,JW'60- BAB- Lo P(CR) to S- w/sim Amp(CR) + Lat(CR) - - - - - - - - - - Fre,PW'67+ DAH- Pair intermed of 4 10-sec tones w/shock--HR incr-decr to S- Kak,S.'68e HAGO CR to S- decr-f(S-duration) w/delay > trace re diff-CR - - Cer,LS'69+ MVH- More CR to S- w/PRF of S+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mil,RE'69+ HVB- P(CR) to S2 w/nonreinf decr-f percent reinf of S1 All,CK'71+ HVB- P(CR) to S- greater w/PRF of S+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bra,AR'71- Systematic Analyss of Differential Performance Cp****aqz BAB- P(CR) same but Lat(CR) longer to S+ than in single-S cond - Fre,PW'67+ HAB- Decr in P(CR) to S- results from habituation of orienting R Ros,LE'72+ W/intense S-, orient R must first displace defense react Ros,LE'72+ CICR>>8:00. Diff-Classcond w/Compound S Cp****asa DxS- Diff-classcond compounds vs elements, v/versa (144) - - - - Pav,IP'27- HxB- Diff-cond w/lite-tone compounds better than w/single Ss - - Van,WE'67- RAe- Diffcond (S+/S-,shock)--Intermed suppression w/simult S+S- Guy,IP'68- CxW- Diff-cond compound from elements only if mix element in acq Wic,DD'70e H G- Diffcond poorer w/CS compounded w/S paired w/noise or relax Sch,SL'76- B1B- Obtain neg patterning w/reinf elements + nonreinf compound Keh,EJ'88+ Above only w/long ISI, interp as unique compound S trace Keh,EJ'88+ OOE- Cond aversn w/compound odors, approach elements in mollusc Hop,JF'89+ CICR>>8:10. Control by Compound after Diff-Classcond Cp****asc DxS- No systematic pattern of CR when substitute indiff S in seq Gez,LS'62- B B- Diff-cond w/S1S2 compound nonreinf and reinf of S1/S2 alone Whi,JW'72+ Compound cond S3 w/either S1 or S2 above led to incr CR Whi,JW'72+ CICR>>8:20. Control by Elements after Diff-Classcond Cp****ase HxB- CR to elements of compound =f S-US and inter-S intervals Van,WE'67- RNe- W/hippocamp lsn, acq T1L+ vs T2L- discrim, but R to L-alone Ric,EJ'79e RAe- W/lick suppress, Mix Pair(S1S2,US)+S1S3,no-US-->Lo CR re S1 Col,RP'95e Elim above S-validity effect w/post cond extn S2 B4 test S1 Col,RP'95e Above trng/extn done off-baseline; interp as perf deficit Col,RP'95e xxO- Acq neg patterning (S1+/S2+/S1S2-) re weaker>stronger S1/S2 Red,ES'95+ Above acq foodcup-CR w/rat/pigeon w/same/diff S modality Red,ES'95+ CICR>>8:30. Serial Stimuli in Diff-Classcond Cp****ass DxS- Diff-cond order and timing of temporal compounds (146) - - Pav,IP'27- BUU- Diff-classcond w/diff in component of chain-S - - - - - - - Bar,AV'56- RVE- Diff-cond w/simult feature-neg > serial feature neg - - - - Hol,PC'86- CICR>>8:40. Role of Context in Diff-Classcond Cp****aCc DCI- "Spatial factors" serve as co-CS to determine acty - - - - Kup,PS'61+ HAB- Diff-classcond facil by continuous ITI S sim to S- - - - - Moo,JW'66+ BAB- Disrupt diff-cond by presenting extra intermed-hz S in ITI Liu,SS'69+ HxG- Hypo: Tonic autonomic R is-f(diff UR) in transswitching - - Kim,HD'81- VRS- Some decr in CR in space flight, greater decr of inhib proc Apa,ZI'84e CICR>>8:41. Induction Effects in Diff-Classcond Cp****aCi DxS- Mag/P(CR) to S- incr-f time since preceding S+ (123) - - - Pav,IP'27- Mag/P(CR) to S+ incr-f time since preceding S- (124) Pav,IP'27- DxS- Pos induction (incr CR) if present S+ immed after S- (190) Pav,IP'27- Pos induction incr-f sim of S- to S+ (193) Pav,IP'27- Neg inductn (decr CR) if present S- soon after S+ (199) Pav,IP'27- DxS- CR to S+ incr-f time since preceding S-trial (160/210/360) Pav,IP'28- CR to S+ decr-f N/successive preceding S- trials (174) Pav,IP'28- DUx- W/diff salivation/flexion, S+ incr UR and S- decr/delay UR Klo,AM'58- DAS- Pos CR incr-f inten of inhib S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kud,NN'58- XXX- After diffcond, lo CR to S+ soon after or concur w/S- (332) Ber,J.'65- R1e- CER to CS incr by Pair(sim-S',shock) > add trng w/CS - - - Res,RA'76- Above effect greater after diffcond w/S+/S'- Res,RA'76- Effect greater after nonreinf preexpose to S' B4 cond Res,RA'76- After S+/S'- diffcond, extn of S incr inhib prop of S- Res,RA'76- Above effect incr-f(S+/S'- sim) Res,RA'76- CICR>>8:42. Diff-Classcond based on Location Cp****aoc DxS- Diff-classcond left/right CR re diff S w/unilateral US/UR - Skl,YP'36- DAS- Diff-classcond w/diff auditory S in diff locations - - - - Szw,G.'67- No CR to S-, some decr to S+, presented reverse location Szw,G.'67- CICR>>8:50. Diff-Classcond based on Context Cp****aCC DCS- Diffcond 2 CRs to 1 S re context; other CR occurs w/extn - Str,MI,58- DCS- CR switchover after at least a minute of strong ext-inhib S Str,MI'58- Dxx- Diffcond 2 diff CRs to 2 diff Ss w/reverse in diff context Str,ML'58- After above appropriate S/Genz re each S in each context Str,ML'58- DUS- Diff-classcond re ISI w/same S in diff chambers - - - - - - Tsz,C.'60- DCS- Diff-classcond re USI in diff chambers - - - - - - - - - - Ui-,IA'60- ROU- Switchover (re time of day) difficult - - - - - - - - - - - Pod,VP'61- Rxxx Time-of-day transwitching w/lite/buzz CSs re food/shock USs Dan,T.'62- Dxx- Diffcond food/defense CR w/same S+ w/diff time/person (125) Asr,EA'65- DAS- Mix Pair(S1,food)+S2-alone--Diff-cond CR to S1 w/E1 (126 Asr,EA'65- DAF- W/same subj, Pair(S1,sh)--Flex CR w/E2 (switching) (127) Asr.EA'65- After above, no flex CR on 1st tr w/S2 w/E2 (127) Asr,EA'65- DXX- Switching agent can be E, time-of-day, exper sit (127) Asr,EA'65- Dxx- Diffcond S1-food/S2-sh in 1 sit, reverse in other (128) Asr,EA'65- Dxx- Diffcond w/diff USI or ISI to same S in diff sit (134) Asr,EA'65- DxS- Cond new S in 1 sit, diff Mag/Lat(CR) to S in other (135 Asr,EA'65- Extn 1 S in 1 sit, decr CR to that S in other (136) Asr,EA'65- Above switching diff-cond difficult, w/neurosis (137) Asr,EA'65- Dxx- Diff-classcond buzz-salivation vs touch-flex in 1 room Asr,EA'69- Concur reverse of above diff-cond in another room Asr,EA'69- HCG- Order of context more important than duratn in transswitch Lac,H.'86- HxG- R-diff re tonic S not-f(contig tonic-S,shock) - - - - - - - Mur,MR'86+ XXX- Attrib transswitching to S-context assn forming compound CS Wyr,S.'92- RCA- Separate nonreinf tr in neg context incr R re C- w/diffcond Mae,JH'94+ XXX- Attrib switching to S-context assn forming compound CS - - Wyr,W.'94- Systematic Analyses of Compound Stimulus in Diff-Classcond Cp****asz DxS- Th: Context evokes tonic CR, predetermines phasic CR (137) Asr,EA'65- DXX- Genz: Tonic CR re context w/cortical acty universal (146) Asr,EA'65- HCG- Interp: Effective CS is internal physiol proc elicited by S Lac,H.'86+ Principle CICR>>9:00. Conditioned Inhibition Cp****nsi Diff-Classcond w/Mix Pair(S1,US) + S1S2,no-US After above, S2 decr CR to other CSs DxS- To estab cond inhib, S cannot precede excit S - - - - - - - Fur,DS'27- DxS- Cond inhib--Add S on nonreinf trial--S decr other CR (68) - Pav,IP'27- Added S must overlap CS for cond inhib to develop (69) Pav,IP'27- Cond inhib S decr CR to other S, incl diff CR (77) Pav,IP'27- DxS- Cond-inhib effect decr-f time B4 present S+ (169) - - - - - Pav,IP'27- Cond-inhib aftereffect lasts longer in same analyzer Pav,IP'27- DxS- Cond inhib S affects CR to all S paired w/same US (137) - - Pav,IP'28- UUU- After diffcond, estab cond inhib w/repeated compound S/S- - Lin,AA.33- DUS- Obtain cond inhib S by Pair w/S-, greater than isolated S - Lin,AA'33- hxU- Devel CR re bell and cond inhib re bell+blue-lite - - - - - Tra,NN.35- S/Genz of above cond inhib w/bell+word "blue" Tra,NN.35- DUU- Extn of cond inhib repeated w/S-alone - - - - - - - - - - - Kho,BI'60- DXF- Estab neg-CR (cond-inhib) to S added w/extn of CS (322) Ber,J.'65- Above neg-CR decr CR to another otherwise adequate CS Ber,J.'65- H1B- Pair(lite,US)+(lite-buzz,no-US)--CR w/lite-buzz=lite-new S Har,GB'66- BxB- Mix Pair(lite,US) + (lite+tone,no-US)--Cond inhib to tone - Mar,HG'72e BNB- Mix Pair(ESB,US) + Pair(ESB+tone,no-US)--Cond inhib to tone Mis,FW'72e CNE- Diffcond fear/rage CR w/hypothal stim as US - - - - - - - - Tho,E.'72+ W/intramodal S-, obtain init S/Genz w/out net cond inhib Tho,E.'72+ W/intermodal S-, no initial S/Genz and cond inhib Tho,E.'72+ BNB- Mix Pair(tone,US) + (tone+ESB,no-US)--cond inhib w/ESB - - Moo,JW'73e HVG- Obtain cond inhib in diff-cond w/S- alone or compound w/S+ Gri,WW'74e BxB- Mix Pair(lite,US) + (lite+tone,no-US)--Poor acq w/tone S - Mar,HG'74+ R1E- Cond inhib not decr w/nonreinf of S, only w/reinf - - - - - Zim,CL'74+ BxB- Cond inhib to S- w/diff-classcond incr-f(S+ ISI) - - - - - Mah,WJ'75e RxC- Pair(taste,toxin) + taste/odor w/out toxin--Odor=cond inhib Tau,HK'75+ RAE- Put S 3 or 30-sec after sh--S decr noncued AR only w/3-sec Mai,SF'76e R1e- After Pair(S1,shock), CER w/S1 incr by Pair(sim S2,shock) - Res,RA'76- Above effect incr by prior diff-classcond by S1/S2 Res,RA'76- After diff-cond of S1/S2, extn of S1 decr suppressn w/S2 Res,RA'76- R1e- Diffcond CER w/Mix Pair(S1,sh)--Pair(S2,sh)--(S2S3,no sh) - Hen,RW'78- 1-d after above, suppression hi w/S1 > S1S3 (cond inhib) Hen,RW'78- 30-d after above, suppression hi w/S1 = S1S3 Hen,RW'78- R1E- Some decr in cond inhib (re S unpaired w/shock) after 21d - Tho,DA'79- BNB- Extensive neocortical lesion decr cond inhib w/rapid reacq Yeo,CH'83e R e- After feature (X) neg trng, X only inhib CR w/neg trng - - Lam,J.'87+ RUC- Pair(S1,US)--Obtain cond inhib if then Pair(S1S2,no-US) - - Fuj,M.'89- Above cond inhib greater if continue Pair(S1,US) Fuj,M.'89- R e- Acq cond inhib re S2 after US is-f(prior context/S1 B4 US) Wil,DA'90e R e- Hiordcond w/few Pair(S2,CS1) after/during Pair(S1,US) - - - Yin,H.'94e Cond inhib w/many Pair(S2,CS1) during Pair(S1,US) Yin,H.'94e CICR>>9:10. Induction effects in Cond Inhibition Cp****nsj DxS- Present pos S during cond inhib S, incr CR (pos induction) Ano,PK'32- R1O- Diffcond magazine acty w/Pair(T1,food) vs T1T2,no-food - - Pea,JM'95+ After above, incr CR re T1 w/Pair(T1T2,food) Pea,JM'95+ Systematic Analyses of Conditioned Inhibition Cp****nsz DXS- Cond-inhib identical in character to extinctive inhib (86) Pav,IP'27- XXX- Primary-inhib S--Nonreinf S in context of UR occur (320) - Kon,J.'67- Secondary-inhib S--Nonrf S w/history of CR occur (320) Kon,J.'67- R1e- Genz: Less retention of cond inhib than cond excit of CER - Hen,RW'78- AXX- Review of procedures/literature on Pavlovian cond inhib - - LLo,VM'85+ XXX- Contends cond-inhib-S may pass only summatn/retardatn test Wil,DA'92e CICR>>10:00. Post-cond Treatment Effects on Diff-Classcond Cp****nes RAe- Interpolate CS-alone trials after cond decr P(CR) Ayr,JJ'73+ H G- Diff CR elim if habituate UR to US after diff-classcond - - Pou,CX'79e CICR>>11:00. Neural Correlates of Diff-Classcond Cp****nNc DxF- No effect of prefrontal lobectomy on diffcond w/various S - All,WF'43- DxF- Decr in diffcond only w/bilateral cerebral ablation - - - - All,WF'45- DxF- Retain/learn tactile diffcond after tactile-cortical ablatn All,WF'47- DxF- Differential effects of prefrontal lesions re S modality - All,WF'49- DAF- Diff ipsolat parietal EEG correl w/switch left/rt CR (140) Asr,EA'65- BUB- Medial hypothal lsn facil CR acq, decr diffcond - - - - - - Bal,HS'66- Lateral-hypothal/medial-frontal lsn decr CR acq/diffcond Bal,HS'66- HVN- Diffcond arrow-up/down w/click US--Diff occip evoked pot - Beg,H.'71+ After diffcond, diff vertex evoked pot w/sim S+/S- Beg,H.'71+ R B- Septal lesions decr diffcond re P(CR) to S- - - - - - - - - Loc,M.'75+ HNe- Recorded muscle tension/autonomic correlates of CER extn - Pun,JC'76e B B- ESB midbrain loci inhib CR; lsns prevent devel cond inhib - Mis,FW'77- H1G- 1st interval CR to S+ greater w/Ss to rt eye/ear - - - - - Bei,HO'83- BSL- Diff-cond lick CR re odor-S, correl w/olfactory EEG - - - - Via,G.'83- BUN- Spatial EEG pattern diff during extn than CR acq - - - - - Luc,TI'84- BfH- Sinoaortic denervation affected UR but not acq of CR - - - Jar,TW'86e BAH- CR but no diff-CR w/lesion medial geniculate necleus - - - Jar,TW'86e BAB- Hippocampectomy decr reversal, not acq of S-duratn discrim Por,RL'86e B B- Cholinergic system directly involved in aversive diff-cond Shu,G.'86- B1B- Hippocampal lesion decr reversal, not tone-lite diff-cond - Wei,CL'86+ BABO Auditory cortext lsn decr diffcond w/tone CSs re CR to S- - Tei,AH'88e B B- Kindling hippocampus facil diffcond, decr reversal - - - - Rob,GB'89e BAH- W/auditory cortex lsn; diffcond w/tones Ss but no S+ extn - Tei,AH'89e RUU- Incr medial septal acty w/S+, no effect w/S- - - - - - - - Yad,E.'89- CICR>>11:10. Concurrent HR Effects in Diff-Classcond Cp****nNh BAB- HR decel early, accel later in diff-classcond of blink CR - Pow,DA'76+ Pos trial-to-trial correl among blink/HR/BP CRs Pow,DA'76+ CICR>>12:00. Lat(CR) in Diff-Classcond Cp****btc D S- Lat(UR) incr by diff-classcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pav,VI'53- HVB- Lat(CR) shorter to S+ than S- in diff-classcond - - - - - - Pro,WF'69+ BAB- Lat(CR) in diff-classcond fit w/TSD - - - - - - - - - - - - Col,JA'73- CICR>>13:00. Generality of Diff-Classcond Cp****bYc DAO- Diff-cond vestibular R w/Pair(tones,shock) w/8-mo retentn - Low,H.'40+ BxV- Delayed diff-classcond of vasomotor R obtained - - - - - - Fro,R.'63- OXO- Diffcond planaria w/Pair(lite,sh-rt), Pair(vibratn,sh-left) Gri,CD'64+ OTO- Pair(tactile-S,tailshock-US)--1-tr diffcond syphon--mollusk Car,TJ'83e FGO- Diffcond proboscis CR re taste, w/signif indiv diff - - - - Zaw,S.'84+ Bidirectional selective breeding re diffcond in blowfly Zaw,S.'84+ FGO- Diffcond proboscis CR in blowfly w/control proc - - - - - - Ric,JP'86e OOA- Diff-cond odor paired w/aversive US in lobster - - - - - - Fin,JB'88e OGC- Diffcond food pref by pair w/quinine in leech - - - - - - - Kar,T.'88+ Relevant Uncoded Root-Abstracts RAx- _Temporal gradient of HR accel to S- and decel to S+ - - - - Par,JT'67- BTBS _Diffcond re (non)occurrence of a prior US B4 CS - - - - - - Ter,WS'75+ _ Decr above perf if present prior CS B4 US Ter,WS'75+ _ Interp above re P(retention/rehearsal) of S in STM Ter,WS'75+ Relevant(?) Unabstracted/Uncoded Literature Title: Extra tasks on diffcond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cod,WJ'79- B B Title: Amp(UR) w/cond inhib - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Des,JE'80e R Title: Renewal of extn R in 2nd context - - - - - - - - - Bou,ME'94+ B Title: Discrim lateralized cond - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bra,SE'94e