LOGAN: LAWS OF LEARNING (Basic Processes) July 2004 DIFFERENTIATION LEARNING: Excitation Current Stimulus Independent Variables Contents Paradigmatic/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally-Positive/Interdependent-Operation RECS>>1:00. Amt(Reinf) in Differentiation Learning RE****aMK Paradigmatic/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral/Interdependent-Operation RECS<>2:00. Counting RE****hcH Systematic Analysis of Counting RE****hdH Relevant Uncoded Root-Abstracts Relevant(?) Unabstracted/Uncoded Literature RECS>>1:00. Amt(Reinf) in Differentiation Learning RE****aMK RECS<>2:00. Counting RE****hcH hooU Children only count objects of the same kind - - - - - - - OSh,MV'01- OCPO Pfungst found that the horse, Hanz, used slight visual cues San,EC'14- rather than actually solving arith problems like humans San,EC'14- FCOO W/catfish, 27/40 series contain even-N swings around weed - Mel,I.'30- DOOO Describes dogs that "speak" numbers by barking or tapping - Mue,M.'34- MCPO Fail to "count" re genz from ++- trials to 2 food on tr 1 - Bie,JA'37- MCLH Acq no-IR after 3 reinf IRs only w/regular temporal rhythm Bie,JA'37+ COPH 1 of 5 Os acq double-press on switch - - - - - - - - - - - Mas,JH'44+ HVPO Re RT to discrim N/dots, discontinuity < 5-6 > - - - - - - Jen,EM'50e OVOH Birds acq MTS re N/spots on box; eat only N peas or baits - Koe,O.'50- NVOO Learn to recognize/"write" numbers in binary form - - - - - Fer,CB'64- NVO Learn to match binary number w/N/objects from 1 to 7 - - - Fer,CB'66+ Note: Above matching not lnrd in serial order Fer,CB'66+ DAOO Amp(cortical evoked pot) decr-incr-f(N/clicks in series) - Var,ME'74+ Above w/steady USI/ISI; disrupt in change USI or ISI Var,ME'74+ OVOO Parrot acq vocal numerical labels for 2-6 objects w/genz - Pep,IM'88- hVPO W/5-6-yr-old, discrim re apprehension of number < 3 - - - - Fis,JP.92+ NVPO Transpose re larger after diffcond pairs of adjacent 1-5 Ns Boy,ST'93e PLOO Parrot vocally label N(1-6)/color-object Ss in mixed array Pep,IM'94- NCOO W/trnd O, N/indicating acts (point/touch) correl w/Arabic N Boy,ST'95e hVPO W/brief S, subitize 1-3 w/2-yr-old, incr to 5 w/older O - - Sta,P.'96+ Systematic Analysis of Counting RE****hdH C Title: Number coding in assn cortex - - - - - - - - - - - Tho,RF'70e XXOL Evidence of subitizing as unique numerical ability - - - - Bal,JD'91+ AOOO Extend timing models to account for number discrim - - - - Bro,HA'93e AXOO Animal counting in context of animal lrng theory - - - - - Cap,EJ'93- AOOO Anal subitizing (rapid numerosity judgment) incl sequences Mil,DJ'93- AOOO Review successful exper w/animal cog representatn of number Ril,M.'93- HVPO Subitizing: Rapid/accurate enumeration 1-4 items - - - - - Tri,LM'93+ Counting: Slow/error-prone enumeration >5 items Tri,LM'93+ Subitize targets/distractors only w/diff preattn feature Tri,LM'93+ Relevant Uncoded Root-Abstracts HOOO _Accuracy of R=extent of arm-mvmt decr-f(reportd fdbk error) Bil,EA'54- HAPO _RT incr-f(ready-S inten) w/trace < delayed ready S - - - - Beh,I.'66+ _ Interp above re ready-S as CS for classcond of R Beh,I.'66+ Relevant(?) Unabstracted/Uncoded Literature AXX Title: Number conception in animal psych - - - - - - - - - Sal,DH'43-