LOGAN: BASIC LAWS OF LEARNING 7/1/2000 OPERANT CONDITIONING: Excitation Independent Current Organism Variables Contents Behavioral/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally Neutral Effect OO-1:00. Setting operations, General OL****naa Systematic Analyses of Setting Operations OL****naz Behavioral/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally Positive Effect Principle OO-1:10. Primary Motivation OL****mma OO-2:00. Drug effects on OpCond OL****mDo OO-2:10. Opcond and neurological insult OL****mNo OO-3:00. Individual Differences in Conditionability OL****nAv Behavioral/Natural/Asocial/Emotionally Neutral Effect OO-4:00. Misc indiv diff factors and opcond OL****nAw OO-5:00. Comparative (age) OL****nAA OO-6:00. Comparative (age)...Older subj OL****nAE OO-7:00. Comparative (gender) OL****nAG O0-8:00. Comparative (species) OL****nAS 00-8:10. Comparative (breeding) OL****nAU Systematic Analyses of Comparative Opcond OL****nAz Principle OO-9:00. Generality of Opcond OL****nAY Behavioral/Unnatural/Asocial/Emotionally-Neutral Effect OO-10:00. Behavioral Effects of Drugs OL****tEe OO-10:10. Alcohol: Acute, Involuntary, Under Influence, Random OL****tEe OO-10:20. Alcohol: Acute, Involuntary, Under Influence, Selected OL****tEf OO-10:30. Alcohol: Chronic, Involuntary, Under Influence, Random OL****tEm OO-10:40. Alcohol: Chronic, Involuntary, Under Influence, Select OL****tEn OO-10:50. Drugs: Acute, Involuntary, Under Influence, Random OL****tEE OO-10:60. Drugs: Acute, Involuntary, Under Influence, Selected OL****tEF OO-10:70. Drugs: Chronic, Involuntary, Under Influence, Random OL****tEM OO-10:80. Drugs: Chronic, Involuntary, Under Influence, Selected OL****tEN OO-1:00. Setting operations, General OL****naa RCPH N/OpR w/food reinf decr w/milk into stomach but < if drink Koh,M.'51- RNE- Pair(S,sh)--OpR trng--21-ECS trtmt->Decr CER, not Rate(OpR) Gel,I.'55e RCPH Rate(OpR) w/VR reinf decr w/hi-inten whole-body x-irradiatn Eld,TS'56e CNPH Subthresh hippocamp stim decr speed, incr R/Extn w/out CER Cor,RE'57- PDP- Pentobarb decr Rate(OpR) on VI-15min, not FR50 - - - - - - Dew,PB'57- R C- Direct stomach load H2O decr drinking/OpR of thirsty rats - Mil,NE'57e Above decr less than prior drinking-by-mouth RUB1 Alternating hunger/thirst facil OpR vs single D - - - - - - Por,LW'57+ R/Extn w/alternating hunger/thirst = single D FCOH Prefeeding decr Rate(OpR) w/FR, not FI sched - - - - - - - Esk,RM'60+ SUP- Rate(nonreinf OpR) incr-decr-f prior confinement time - - - Bar,A.'61e RCPT Rate(OpR) incr-decr-f inten of shock expose B4 test session Duc,R.'61+ RUPT Rate(OpR) decr w/H2O/saline stomach load B4 test - - - - - Bec,RC'63- RCPH Maint constant motiv (re VI perf) w/adjust re normal growth Dav,DG'64+ RUPT Effect of stomach load on Rate(OpR) decr-f(delay B4 test) - Bec,RC'65+ RNPO Acq food-reinf OpR w/motiv=hypothal ESB, transfer to hunger Coo,EE'65e RUPT Rate(OpR) decr w/repeated H2O/saline stomach load B4 test - Bec,RC'67+ RUPT Shocks B4 daily session decr Rate(OpR), incr-f(shock inten) Bev,W.'67e RAPH Added fear (noise) decr Rate(OpR) w/lo CRF trng, incr w/hi Man,SN'70e SxxO Early enriched environ incr acty/explor - - - - - - - - - - Man,M.'73+ RUPH Prefeeding decr Rate(OpR) w/DRL, but decr reinf only w/dep Ait,WC'75e Re above, prefeeding incr reinf w/w/out dep if septal lsn RGPO OpR/Extn w/iron deficiency incr w/trng w/ferrous solutn rf Woo,SC'77e Systematic Analyses of Setting Operations OL****naz XXX- Thirst sim to hunger in control of beh, less practical - - Ski,BF'36- Principle OO-1:10. Primary Motivtion OL****mma RVPH Rate(OpR) w/periodic reinf incr-f(Drive) re Amt(pre-fed) - Ski,BF'36- RUPH Rate(OpR) incr-f(food dep) up to precipitous inanition - - Her,WT'37+ RCPH Re constancy of Rate(OpR), 22-hr dep better than 12-/34-hr Kel,FS'39- RCPH Rate(nonreinf OpR) for 7-mo after trng w/48-hr dep > 12-hr Fit,PM.40- RCPH Control drive w/varying ration to maint specified Rate(OpR) Ski,BF'40- R PH Rate(OpR) incr-f(dep) w/glucose, decr-f(dep) w/sacc reinf - Car,JW'53- x P- W/FR sched, satiation incr post-reinf pause, not run rate - Sid,M.'54+ MUPH Rate(OpR) on VI sched incr-f(dep) Con,DG'56+ RIB- Overall R/rate incr-f(dep) w/same rel rate w/in FI - - - - Wei,B.'56+ XNP- Rate OpR w/septal ESB reinf incr-f(food/H20 dep) - - - - - Bra,JV'57e RUP- VI R/rate incr-f Freq(reinf), greater at hi dep - - - - - - Cla,FC'58- VI R/rate incr-f dep, greater at hi Freq(reinf) RVPH Unless sated, little effect of dep on OpR w/DRL sched - - - Con,DG'58e RCPH Rate(OpR) w/23-hr dep after ad lib < maint on dep sched - - Eis,E.'60e RUPH Rate(OpR) w/hi > lo dep, w/no effect of flavored reinf - - Bar,DE'61+ RUPH Rate(OpR) incr-f(dep), diff w/CRF < w/FR/VI/FI/DRL - - - - Car,PL'61- RIB- R/rate incr-f dep on VI 5-min w/pacing IRT=8-10 sec - - - - Rev,SH'63- RUPH Rate(OpR) incr-f(dep) w/w/out sec reinf - - - - - - - - - - Wik,EL'63e RUP1 Rate(OpR) incr-f(dep) w/no effect on R topography - - - - - Cor,CD'66+ RUR1 W/operant control, time spent running incr-f(weight loss) - Col,GH'68+ Above obtained w/either food/H2O dep RVe- Hi food dep incr CER in extn or satiation - - - - - - - - - Gli,SD'69- OO-2:00. Drug effects on OpCond OL****mDo RDPH Rate(OpR) w/long FI incr w/insulin/benzedrine - - - - - - - Wen,EA'38- Rate(OpR) w/long FI decr w/adrenalin/phenobarb PDP- W/tandem sched, effect of pentobarbital on FI > FR - - - - Her,RJ'56+ PDP- Pentobarb elim FI scallop (constant OpR rate in 15-min FI) Her,RJ'57+ RDPT Temp pattern w/MULT FR-FI elim w/hi dose atropine/scopolam Bor,JJ'59+ RCPH Rate(OpR) incr-f(dep)/Amt(Reinf)) w/no interaction - - - - Hul,IM'60- RDPH Rate non-pun OpR decr w/ip chlorpromazine/perphenazine - - Gro,SP'61- Rate pun OpR incr w/ip chlorpromazine/perphenazine RDPT Chlorpromazine decr Rate(OpR), incr-f(non-drug rate) - - - Bin,D.'62+ RCPH Rate(OpR) w/VI incr-f(days on food dep sched) - - - - - - - Dav,DG'64+ Above w/fixed ration or w/percent init body weight Dav,DG'64+ OO-2:10. Opcond and neurological insult OL****mNo MNA- Frontal ESB interferes w/lrng altern R, not memory - - - - Sta,JS'62- RNPH Large hippocamp lsn incr Rate(OpR) on DRL if CRF pretrng - Ell,P.'73e SNPH Interp effect of septal lsn on DRL/extn re incr incentive - Car,NR'76e OO-3:00. Individual Differences in Conditionability OL****nAv OO-4:00. Misc indiv diff factors and opcond OL****nAw RCPH Active > inactive O re Rate(OpR) but poor in diffcond - - - Her,WT'40- RSPH Pair normal/infant-food-dep rats w/food tube away from bar Lit,RA'56- Most deprived rats stay near food tube; some OpR w/hi vigor Lit,RA'56- OO-5:00. Comparative (age) OL****nAA hSO- Incr Rate(vocalizatn) w/smile/cluck/touch reinf at 3-mo age Rhe,HL'59e RUPH Spon variability w/4-R seq w/young>adult, esp w/out diff Rf Neu,A.'92+ OO-6:00. Comparative (age)...Older subj OL****nAE RVBH Discrim/reversal not-f(age), 6 vs 20-m - - - - - - - - - - Kay,H.'62+ Reversal lrng not-f(age), 9 vs-23 m, over 29 reversals Kay,H.'62+ RVBH More R, poorer perf on 3-R chain in 21 vs 4 m age - - - - - Cor,PP'64- OO-7:00. Comparative (gender) OL****nAG 00-8:00. Comparative (species) OL****nAS RCPH W/2-5-yr olds, acq/extn w/CRF/FI sim to rats - - - - - - - War,AB'43+ xUxx Anal of species diff in timing re temporal control in FI - Lej,H.'91+ 00-8:10. Comparative (breeding) OL****nAU RVPH Rate(OpR) w/FI w/maze bright > dull, w/no diff in R/Extn - Her,WT'40+ RCPO Selectively breed re hi/lo Rate(OpR) w/ESB self-stim reinf Lie,I.'78e RUPO No strain diff in uncond Rate(OpR) re diff in acty - - - - Har,GM'79- RUPH Init OpR acq w/hi >lo-CTA strain, but no perf diff w/FR/DRL Hob,SH'83+ Systematic Analyses of Comparative Opcond OL****nAz Principle OO-9:00. Generality of Opcond OL****nAY FAPH Lemon sharks acq target-press OpR w/remote food reinf - - - Cla,E.'59- OVL- Opcond chirp of bird (Budgerigar) w/sched + discrim control Gin,N.'60- HCxH Psychotic S acq chain-OpR w/food reinf - - - - - - - - - - Ayl,T.'62+ OOOH Opcond/diff-opcond vocal R w/mynah bird - - - - - - - - - - Gro,JH'62e OVLH Acq talking OpR re S w/food reinf w/diff words re diff Ss - Gin,N.'63- hOB- Opcond eyeblink w/food CRF w/retarded trisomy-18 infants - Bro,E.'66+ HCGO Acq GSR as OpR onlyh w/O low on autonomic perceptibility - Gre,WA'66+ RUPH Obtain smooth neg-accel cumulative OpR w/FI w/kangaroo rats Bre,FJ'67- XCOH Opcond salamander to "snap at manipulandum" for food - - - Dav,SF'67+ QUPH OpR of bobwhite/Japanese quail on FR/VI sched sim to others Clo,FT'68+ OUPH Opcond perch-hop w/blackbird w/CRF/FR - - - - - - - - - - - Bas,CW'70+ OUP Opcond key-press OpR w/FR w/indigo snake - - - - - - - - - Kle,PR'70- OVPH Typical pattern of OpR w/FR/VR/VI and diffcond w/tawny owls Mar,GR'73- OUPH Maint OpR w/FI/VI sched w/crows, decr w/same R-indep reinf Pow,RW'79+ OO-10:00. Behavioral Effects of Drugs OO-10:10. Alcohol: Acute, Involuntary, Under Influence, Random OL****tEe REP- W/mult sched, d-AMPH decr hi, incr lo Rate(OpR) - - - - - - Cla,FC'66+ REPH ALC decr OpR w/some beh tolerance - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cro,LT'69- REP- No effect mod-dose ALC on OpR w/ESB reinf, transfer nondrug Cro,LT'70- REP- ALC impair DRL perf as-f baseline rate and cue presence - - Hol,FA'73+ REP- Hi, not lo-dose ip ALC incr premature R w/DRL sched - - - - San,SH'74+ MEPH Lo dose ALC incr Rate(OpR) if low, decr Rate(OpR) if hi - - Glo,JR'76+ Obtain above low Rate(OpR) w/pun or early in FI Hi dose ALC decr Rate(OpR) w/w/out pun MEP- ALC decr Rate(OpR) w/FR, food = shock-sched term reinf - - Kat,JL'78+ REP- ip ALC decr variance in OpR rate/durations - - - - - - - - Cro,LT'79e PEP- ALC decr Rate(OpR) w/FR sched, attenuated w/added caffeine Hea,ML'79+ PEP- W/mult FR/FI, ALC incr Rate(OpR) in FI and in FR incr-f(FR) Bar,JE'80+ xEP- No effect of ALC on S/Genz w/rat CER or pigeon AuSh - - - - Lin,JG'80+ W/diffcond AuSh, lo-dose ALC incr, hi decr R w/S+, not w/S- REPH ALC incr errors on altern task, decr scallop on FI - - - - Cro,LT'82- REPT ALC decr Rate(OpR) on FI, more near end of FI - - - - - - - Cro,LT'83+ REP- ALC incr Rate(punished OpR) w/no or decr effect on nonpun R Wit,JM'84- REPT W/R=altern 2 bars, ALC decr Rate(OpR), incr N/reinf/R - - - Cro,LT'85- HEPO ALC incr Rate(OpR) in FR/DRL components of mult sched - - - Rum,GR'87e REPT Small incr w/ip ALC on R-variability w/var-conting OpR - - Cro,LT'88- REP- Lo-dose ALC incr, hi-dose decr Rate(OpR) w/DRL sched - - - Bir,DC'89+ REPT R-variability not-f(iv ALC) w/variability-conting OpR - - - Cro,LT'89+ REPH ALC incr OpR w/reinf-pun conflict, incr w/diazepam - - - - Dal,SL'89e REPH In mult sched w/2-bar repeat sequence, ALC incr variability Coh,L.'90e REPH W/2-bar repeat sequence (LLRR), ALC incr variability - - - MEl,E.'90+ REP- ALC antagonist (RO 15-4513) decr OpR w/w/out ALC - - - - - Sch.GJ'90+ ALC antagonist (RO 15-4513) incr acty w/w/out ALC Sch,GJ'90+ OO-10:20. Alcohol: Acute, Involuntary, Under Influence, Selected OL****tEf REP- ALC decr reactive capacity re fast lever release, not-f(age Spi,WW'88e REPT Dose-dep decr w/ALC on Rate(OpR) w/H2O reinf - - - - - - - Geo,FR'91e Above with both ALC pref and non-pref O REP- ALC incr punish OpR w/Wistar/non-pref O, not w/ALC-pref - - Bal,HA'92e REP- ALC pref > nonpref O re incr Rate(OpR) w/FR sched - - - - - Kri,EC'92+ OO-10:30. Alcohol: Chronic, Involuntary, Under Influence, Random OL****tEm REP- Prolonged ALC B4 trng decr acq, w/no effect w/post-trng ALC Den,VH'62e REP- After trng w/force-correl reinf, ALC above 4 g/kg disrupt R Sam,HH'74+ After chronic ALC polydipsia, requires 8 g/kg to disrupt R MEP- Decr in blood ALC and decr effect on OpR w/repeated iv ALC DNo,VJ'77+ REP- Acq beh tolerance w/ALC B4>after trng, incr over ALC cycles DSo,LF'81e REPH Dose-dep decr in Rate(OpR) w/FR30/VI30 w/ip ALC - - - - - - Bir,DC'85e Decr in above effect w/tolerance from daily ip ALC REP- Attrib beh tolerance to ALC effect on FR to intox practice Hol,FA'88e REP- Devel tolerance to anxiolytic B4 sedative effect of ALC - - Koo,GF'88e Former re incr punished R, latter re decr non_punished R REP- Chronic ALC --> beh tolerance re DRL perf, persist 6-mo - - Bir,DC'89+ REP- Beh tolerance to ALC re FR perf genz to incr rate w/DRL - - Hol,FA'89+ REP- Devel tolerance to ALC effect on FR OpR only w/ALC practice Hol,FA'89e OO-10:40. Alcohol: Chronic, Involuntary, Under Influence, Select OL****tEn OO-10:50. Drugs: Acute, Involuntary, Under Influence, Random OL****tEE REPH Caffeine incr Rate(OpR) w/FI sched in both acq/extn - - - - Ski,BF'37+ PEP- Diffcond re key color not-f pentobarb/m-AMPH/scopolamin - - Dew,PB'57- Conditional diffcond decr by pentobarb/m-AMPH, not scopol PEPH m-AMPH incr N/OpR only on long FI or hi FR - - - - - - - - Dew,PB'59- REPH MORPH decr rate OpR and elim CER w/Pair(tone,shock) - - - - Hil,HE'59e REP- Timing beh re DRL w/LH disrupted w/nicotine, esp 3 d later Gel,I.'60e REPH W/FR sched, d-AMPH decr Rate(OpR), incr post-reinf pause - Owe,JE'60- REP1 d-AMPH-->dose related decr Rate(OpR) w/VI w/food/H2O reinf Hea,E.'61- REP- d-AMPH incr Rate(OpR) on DRL via incr speed mediating beh - Seg,EF'62- REP- Incr Rate(OpR) w/m-AMPH > caffeine w/FI sched; reverse w/FR Mec,F.'63+ REP1 m-AMPH incr VI w/H2O reinf, decr VI + consum R w/food reinf Pos,BP'63- PEPH d-AMPH decr Rate (OpR) w/VI/DRL sched - - - - - - - - - - - Hea,E.'67+ PEPH W/FR sched, d-AMPH decr Rate(OpR) incr-f(decr body weight) Meg,RF'67- MEP- Effect lo-dose d-AMPH is-f indiv diff in baseline ObR/OpR - Cla,FC'69- MEP- Dose-related decr in Rate(OpR) during CER S w/MORPH - - - - Hol,SG'69+ CEP- Rate(OpR) incr-decr-f(dose AMPH) w/disrupt temporal pattern Ric,M.'69- REPH AMPH decr OpR w/CRF sched via incr freezing beh - - - - - - Col,SO'70O REPH Diffcond incr-decr-f(dose d-AMPH) w/decr in Rate(OpR) - - - Col,SO'70- PEPH W/DRL sched, d-AMPH-->slight incr in short IRT w/some O - - MMi,DE'70+ REP- Nicotine/AMPH incr Rate(OpR), decr Rate(reinf) w/DRL - - - Pra,SN'70+ MEPH MORPH decr Rate(OpR) w/FR sched - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Big,G.'71+ NEP- Lo-dose THC-->temp facil OpR w/FR/DRL sched - - - - - - - - Fer,DP'71e REP- W/FR sched, Rate(OpR) incr-decr-f(dose d-AMPH) - - - - - - Gli,SD'71+ REP- d-AMPH incr Rate(OpR), decr reinf w/DRL unless signal reinf Car,RJ'72+ NEP- Timing accuracy decr-f(dose THC) - - - - - - - - - - - - - Con,DG'72e MEP- THC decr accuracy re S rate/duratn diffcond w/some toleranc Els,TF'72- NEP- THC decr correct OpR w/DRL, w/no effect on FR/extn sched - Fer,DP'72+ REP- Rate (OpR) w/VI sched incr-decr-f(dose THC) - - - - - - - - Gri,MG'72+ REL- 1 ip m-AMPH facil succ diffcond reversals re decr R to S- - Kul,BM'72+ PEP- Lo/Mod-dose im d-AMPH incr breaking pt w/progressive ratio Tho,DM'72- PExH im THC decr sched_induced attack beh > OpR w/food reinf - - Che,DR'73+ PEP- d-AMPH incr Rate(punished OpR) if Lo Rate(OpR) and lo pun - For,DD'73e xEP- THC decr Rate(OpR) w/FI/FR/DRL w/food/H2O reinf, rat/pigeon Fra,JM'73e REP- d-AMPH incr-decr effect on OpR w/reinf=change in lite/sound Glo,PH'73+ MEP- W/in session incr in DRL perf w/THC, attrib to practice - - Man,FJ'73- REP- MORPH/d-AMPH decr OpR on FR only w/immed placement in box - Spa,SB'73+ REP- Beh effect of AMPH is-f drug exper outside beh sit - - - - Til,HA'73+ PEPH d-AMPH incr Rate(OpR) w/FI > FR, inverse-f(baseline rate) - Bar,JE'74- RELT ip m-AMPH facil repeated reversals w/go-no-go diffcond - - Cal,WH'74- REPT Effect of AMPH on OpR is rate-dependent, incr lo, decr hi - Hef,TG'74e Above genz re diff Sched(Reinf) and segments of sched REP- MORPH incr thresh w/aversive, decr thresh w/pos reinf ESB - Mar,R.'74+ REP- MORPH (3/9/27 mg/kg)=heroin (1/3/9 mg/kg) re decr OpR w/FI Rho,DM'74e REPH Lo-dose ip d-AMPH incr, hi-dose decr Rate(OpR) w/DRL sched San,DJ'74e PEP- Dose-dep decr w/d-AMPH on diff-cond re S-duration - - - - - Stu,DA'74+ PEP- d-AMPH decr ObR re time during FI, not rate dependent - - - Bra,MN'75- REPH d-AMPH facil acq R-duratn task, less if pretrng w/out drug Gri,DM'75- MEP- Effect of im d-AMPH on punished OpR is-f(context) - - - - - MKe,JW'75+ Eg d-AMPH decr pos-reinf OpR unless in Mult sched w/av REPH Lo-dose MORPH incr, hi-dose decr Rate(OpR) w/DRL sched - - For,RD'76+ MEPH Acute MORPH decr Rate(OpR) w/VI/FR w/w/out punish - - - - - Hol,SG'76+ PEPH W/min-FR B4 switch keys for reinf, d-AMPH incr early switch Lat,VG'76- Above d-AMPH effect less if external cue that min FR met PEPX Concl: Less drug effect on OpR if strong external S-control Lat,VG'76- xEP- AMPH OpR effect is-f Rate(OpR) not Freq(Reinf) (rat/pigeon) MPh,RC'76+ REP- d-AMPH decr Rate(OpR) on VI, incr if require long IRT - - - San,DJ'76+ REPH Rate(OpR) w/FI incr w/d-AMPH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Til,HA'76+ REP- d-AMPH incr Lat(OpR) re S+, incr freq OpR re S- - - - - - - Vin,JH'76+ MEPH d-AMPH incr OpR suppressed w/punish only if shock ARo trng Bar,JE'77- PEPH d-AMPH decr OpR w/FR sched, due to incr post-reinf pause - Eck,DA'78+ REOH Lo-dose COC decr extn-induced aggression w/out OpR effect - Moo,MS'78+ REPH Effect of d-AMPH on OpR w/FI sched is-f(reinf exper w/drug) Pol,AD'78+ Eg above, prior d-AMPH w/FR incr FI, prior w/punish decr FI REPH W/mult FI/DRL sched on 2 bars, d-AMPH incr OpR on FI bar - San,DJ'78- REPH W/FI sched-induced H2O, d-AMPH incr Rate OpR early in FI - San,DJ'78- Concur w/above, d-AMPH decr sched-induced H2O drinking PEP- W/FR-90 concur w/OpR to escape FR, d-AMPH incr FR, decr ER Sli,BE'78- REP- MORPH incr Rate(OpR) w/hypothal ESB reinf, w/indiv diff - - Ter,L.'78e SEPH W/nose-poke OpR w/DRL, caffeine decr IRTs, less w/OpR fdbk Web,D.'78+ PEPH W/concur FR-VI/FI sched, effect of d-AMPH is-f concur sched Bac,AV'79- MEP- COC/d-AMPH incr OpR early, decr late in FI w/food/COC reinf Her,S.'79e PEP- No effect THC on R to S-, peak shift in post-diffcond genz Kli,WD'79e PEPH W/neg automaint (OpR prevents reinf), MORPH/d-AMPH decr OpR Pol,AD'79+ MEP- Rate-dependent decr w/THC in OpR w/FI, elim w/cannabidiol - Bra,KT'80+ NEP- W/mult FR/FI, COC incr OpR w/FI, not w/FR or adjunct drink Byr,LD'80- PEP- d-AMPH decr Rate(OpR) on both keys w/concur FR/FR sched - - Lou,AK'80- xEPH W/rat/gerbil, caffeine/d-AMPH incr Rate, decr reinf w/DRL - San,DJ'80- PEP- W/FR of chain sched, d-AMPH decr perf w/lo FR, incr w/hi FR Tho,D.'80+ REPH d-AMPH decr Rate(OpR), less if discrim-S re reinf - - - - - Lat,VG'81e REP- Concl m-AMPH incr speed of internal clock in timing beh - - Mar,AV'81e PEP- 20-sec delayed symbolic MTS re S-duration decr w/d-AMPH - - Spe,ML'84+ REPH d-AMPH incr perf on tracking visual cue re correct bar-R - Eve,JL'85+ REP- Rate-dependent decr in OpR w/d-AMPH = cathinone - - - - - - Gou,AJ'85- REPT Lo dose ip d-AMPH incr VI Rate(OpR); hi dose is-f(VI sched) Hey,GM'85+ Interp d-AMPH effects on OpR as changed reinforcer efficacy REPH d-AMPH decr OpR w/VI4-min > VI20-min - - - - - - - - - - - Mor,MJ'85e Attrib effect of d-AMPH on OpR to incr motiv, decr R perf REP- MORPH/d-AMPH incr Rate(OpR) w/ESB reinf, is-f site of stim Gim,FA'86- MEP- Effect on Rate(OpR) w/FI sched w/COC = inten white noise - How,LL'86e REPH Hi-dose d-AMPH decr OpR w/ALC reinf, sim to effect w/food - Pfe,AO'86+ xEPH Prazosin reverse effects of COC/d-AMPH on OpR - - - - - - - Tes,RE'86+ REP- Lo/mod dose d-AMPH incr Rate(OpR) on DRL, decr on DRH - - - VHa,F.'86e REP- W/FI sched, sc nicotine incr Rate(OpR), esp early in FI - - Whi,JM'86+ REP- MORPH decr Rate(OpR) w/FR, offset w/naloxone - - - - - - - You,AM'86- REP- MORPH incr OpR w/ESB reinf on 1st tr; attrib to pharmacol - Ize,SE'87+ xEPx Dose-dep decr in OpR w/food reinf w/MORPH (monkey/pigeon) - Kat,JL'88+ REPH Rate(OpR) w/FI incr w/nicotine, not w/nicotine+hi-caffeine Whi,JM'88- REPH No effect of d-AMPH on PREE w/>1 tr/day w/operant - - - - - Fel,J.'89+ REP- Lo-dose THC incr, hi-dose decr OpR w/DRL reinf sched - - - Hil,AJ'89e REP- Rate OpR w/FI 5-min biphasic incr-decr-f(dose caffeine) - - Log,L.'89e Rate OpR w/FI 5-min decr w/hi-dose COC, rate-dependent PEPH OpR decr w/COC/MORPH/AMPH, more decr w/combined drugs - - - Eva,EB'90+ REPH W/diffcond signal OpR, COC incr accuracy not-f(arousal) - - Gri,DM'90+ MExh d-AMPH decr OpR perf re N/reinf w/variety sched/discr tasks Sch,GE'90+ MEPH D-AMPH decr N/discrim OpR to lite S w/LH - - - - - - - - - Ric,DF'91+ MExH Decr effect MORPH on lrng/motiv > STM/attn > color discrim Sch,GE'91+ MUPO Rate(OpR) w/FR incr-decr-f(dose of iv COC reinf) - - - - - Skj.PD'91e MEP- Re diffcond 4-R chain, Rate/accuracy decr w/COC/MORPH/AMPH Eva,EB'92+ OO-10:60. Drugs: Acute, Involuntary, Under Influence, Selected OL****tEF MEP- Gender x dose interactn in effect of d-AMPH/caffeine on FI Sti,MJ'75+ REPH W/VI/FI food sched, AMPH decr Rate(OpR) w/hi-rate O - - - - Bee,MD'76+ W/VI/FI food sched, AMPH incr Rate(OpR) w/lo-rate O xEP- MORPH incr Rate(OpR) w/chimp, decr w/baboon - - - - - - - - Byr,LD'76- PEP- Min effective dose THC w/Silver King < White King subj - - Gou,WD'80e OO-10:70. Drugs: Chronic, Involuntary, Under Influence, Random OL****tEM REP- Devel tolerance to d-AMPH effect on DRL perf, not to acty - Sch,CR'61+ PEP- Initial decr in OpR w/THC; devel beh tolerance w/out w/draw MMi,DE'70e NEPH THC disrupt DRL perf, w/rapid devel beh tolerance - - - - - Fer,DP'72+ REP- Devel beh tolerance to d-AMPH B4, not after, DRL trng exper Cam,JC'73+ REP- Devel beh tolerance to marijuana B4, not after daily trng - Car,B.'73+ REP- Acq DRL perf w/daily d-AMPH, disrupt if no drug; v/versa - Car,RJ'73- NEPH No effect on OpR of 37 doses of oral THC over 7-mo - - - - Fer,DP'73+ REP- Lo-dose d-AMPH incr Rate(OpR) w/reinf=ESB - - - - - - - - - Lei,NJ'76+ Elim above effect w/repeat hi-dose d-AMPH B4 lo-dose retest REPH COC decr OpR on FR, incr OpR on DRL, w/devel beh tolerance Woo,WL'78e REPH W/forced d-AMPH, devel beh tolerance re FR, not FI sched - Har,RA'79e Hypo: Devel beh tolerance if drug decr Freq(Reinf) PEP- W/mult FI/FR, devel beh tolerance faster w/trng w/MORPH - - Smi,JB'79- MEPH W/5-R chain, THC decr Rate/accuracy w/devel tolerance - - - Bra,MN'80e PEP- COC decr accuracy w/delayed MTS, w/devel beh tolerance - - Bra,MN'82+ REx- Tolerance to d-AMPH specific to be assoc w/d-AMPH - - - - - Emm,MW'84e MEx- Repeated m-AMPH-->Incr self-admin, tolerance re decr in OpR Woo,WL'84e PEPH Rapid devel of beh tolerance to MORPH re decr FR Rate(OpR) Fra,CP'85+ PEP- COC decr OpR w/FR, w/devel beh tolerance at lo, not hi FR - Hof,SH'87e REPH Re decr in OpR w/FR food reinf, devel beh MORPH tolerance - San,CA'87+ Above tolerance w/MORPH B4 trng, not after trng REPH Devel tolerance to cue prop of COC concur w/beh tolerance - Woo,DM'87- MEPH COC decr beh chain OpR, devel beh tolerance w/presessn COC Bra,MN'88+ REP- Nicotine decr OpR w/devel tolerance; decr OpR w/w/drawal - Cor,WA'89e MEP- Contin infusion COC decr OpR w/FR, w/devel beh tolerance - Kle,MS'89e PEP- COC decr OpR w/5/30/120-min FI, recover w/chronic COC - - - Sch,KF'89+ REP- W/FI food, devel beh/analgesic tolerance w/continuous MORPH Ada,JV'90+ REPH Tolerance to decr OpR effect of COC is context specific - - Smi,JB'90- MEP- Devel beh tolerance to decr effect of COC w/lo FR > hi - - Hug,CE'91+ MEPH Tolerance to decr OpR effect of MORPH is context specific - Smi,JB'91- PEP- W/mult-FR sched, devel beh tolerance to MORPH as-f(FR size) Nic,M.'92+ OO-10:80. Drugs: Chronic, Involuntary, Under Influence, Selected OL****tEN PEPH Indiv diff in devel beh tolerance to MORPH w/MULT, FI > FR Hei,SA'71+