LOGAN: BASIC LAWS OF LEARNING 7/1/2000 SYSTEMATIC ANALYSES: Paradigms Contents CZ-1:00. Classical Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****cXc CZ-2:00. Classical Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****cXe CZ-3:00. Classical Conditioning: Models ZZ****cXm CZ-4:00. Classical Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****cXT CZ-5:00. Classical Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****cZb CZ-6.00. Classical Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****cZc AZ-1:00. Avoidance Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****dXc AZ-2:00. Avoidance Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****dXe AZ-3:00. Avoidance Conditioning: Models ZZ****dXm AZ-4:00. Avoidance Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****dXT AZ-5:00. Avoidance Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****dZb AZ-6.00. Avoidance Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****dZc EZ-1:00. Escape Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****eXc EZ-2:00. Escape Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****eXe EZ-3:00. Escape Conditioning: Models ZZ****eXm EZ-4:00. Escape Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****eXT EZ-5:00. Escape Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****eZb EZ-6.00. Escape Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****eZc OZ-1:00. Operant Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****gXc OZ-2:00. Operant Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****gXe OZ-3:00. Operant Conditioning: Models ZZ****gXm OZ-4:00. Operant Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****gXT OZ-5:00. Operant Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****gZb OZ-6.00. Operant Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****gZc IZ-1:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****iXc IZ-2:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizatn ZZ****iXe IZ-3:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Models ZZ****iXm IZ-4:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****iXT IZ-5:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****iZb IZ-6.00. Instrumental Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****iZc FZ-1:00. Free Behavior: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****kXc FZ-2:00. Free Behavior: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****kXe FZ-3:00. Free Behavior: Models ZZ****kXm FZ-4:00. Free Behavior: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****kXT FZ-5:00. Free Behavior: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****kZb FZ-6.00. Free Behavior: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****kZc DZ-1:00. Discrimination: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****mXc DZ-2:00. Discrimination: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****mXe DZ-3:00. Discrimination: Models ZZ****mXm DZ-4:00. Discrimination: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****mXT DZ-5:00. Discrimination: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****mZb DZ-6.00. Discrimination: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****mZc RZ-1:00. Differentiation: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****rXc RZ-2:00. Differentiation: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****rXe RZ-3:00. Differentiation: Models ZZ****rXm RZ-4:00. Differentiation: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****rXT RZ-5:00. Differentiation: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****rZb RZ-6.00. Differentiation: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****rZC SZ-1:00. Spatial Learning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****sXc SZ-2:00. Spatial Learning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****sXe SZ-3:00. Spatial Learning: Models ZZ****sXm SZ-4:00. Spatial Learning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****sXT SZ-5:00. Spatial Learning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****sZb SZ-6.00. Spatial Learning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****sZc CZ-1:00. Classical Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****cXc XXX- CR is redintegrative process from partial detail of stim - Hol,HL'28- XXX- CR=f(excit-inhib) w/redintegration the basis of excit - - - Hul,CL'29- XXX- Th: S-R assn is-f contig in time, explains all genz re lrng Gut,ER'30- XXX- Reject assn, teleology, physiology for math laws - - - - - Hil,ER'36- XXX Notes that salivatn is instrumental for eating in classcond Heb,DO'56- XXX- Contiguity nec, not suff for cond; need dominance relation Raz,GH'57- XXX- 'True CS' is some form of central representation of US - - She,FD'72- XXX- Cond estab memory structure w/S/US representatns in context Est,WK'73- Memory incl assn/relationships of S/US representations XXX- Pavlovian cond excit is-f(discrepancy expected/actual US) - Res,RA'75- In prin, can index excit by any beh change as-f(Pair(S,US) In prin, can use wider range of S/US events and relations Lrng representatn of events may be a non-assoc proc in cond XXXX Interp Pavlov on pos/neg induction as Gestalt relationship Kim,HD'76- XXX- Assn not directly observable; silent assn require inference Wei,RG'79+ Ex: Lrnd irrelevance, habituatn, inhib/simult/sensory cond Assn structure incl representatn spatial/temporal relations HXO- Classcond is formation of image w/w/out subjective exper - Bug,BR'83- Proprioceptive CS initiates action it formerly followed XXX- Classcond: Lrng relations among events to represent environ Res,RA'88- CZ-2:00. Classical Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****cXe XXX- Classcond useful to meas sensory acuity (also memory) - - - Wat,JB'16- XXX- Respondent (Type S) conditioning (62ff) - - - - - - - - - - Ski,BF'38- Correlate reinf S1-eliciting-R1 w/S0--Incr Mag(R1) to S0 S1-R1 must be strong, w/awake/motivated organism Many skeletal CRs are pseudo based on Type R (opcond) (258) HXX- Argue that attitudes facil/retard cond but not nec for cond Wic,DD'39- OXX- Outcome of cond proc depends on O-experimenter relation - - Lid,HS'42- HxS- Mag(CR) greater if misinform re purpose vs explain conting Raz,GH'55- XXH- Reviews difficulty re ident HR CR vs generalized emot beh - Gan,WH'66- XXX- Cond rapid w/hi responsive system (re Amp(UR), Rate(spon-R) Mar,I.'69+ UR=complex autonomic/skeletal changes, incl fdbk (35) Change in UR and CR as integrated whole (43) P(CR) is oversimplified meas of cond re char of CR (119) Define CR efficiency re endpoint, eg Amp(CR) re Amp(UR)(80) XXX- Contend that all Ss in cond evoke some UR, vary in strength Dos,C.'75- Pair(weak,weak)=sensory cond; Pair(weak,strong)=classcond Pair(strong,weak)=backward cond; Pair(strong,strong)=2-way XXX- C: Pavlov expected CR theory to be accepted by behaviorists Win,G.'84- CZ-3:00. Classical Conditioning: Models ZZ****cXm XXX- Polarizable cell model of CR acq/extn/spon-rec/genz/comp S Bae,HD'31+ XXX- Electro-chemical model parallels mamallian CR - - - - - - - Kre,RG'31+ XXX- Pure contiguity model of classcond - - - - - - - - - - - - Bur,CJ'66- XXX- Applies STM nonassoc memory model to classcond - - - - - - Est,WK'79- Basis is memory of events in time w/random error XXX- Model for classcond w/S/assn/R neuronlike cell layers - - - Sol,VF'83- XXX- Describes 4 stages of acq of CR, not nec in lock-step order Pro,WF'86- 1. Contingency detection, incl gen context and S-US correl 2. R-category selection: Active proc by P re char of US 3. Change in P(CR) incl global info (eg USI)+ local tr info 4. R-shaping: Lat/topography of skelectal R re char of US Describes 2-phase model of P(CR) =f(N/trials) 1. No change in P(CR)--Corresponds to above stages 1 and 2 2. Linear operator change in P(CR) re CR/no-CR and US/no-US CZ-4:00. Classical Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****cXT XXX- Sign-Gestalt Theory (330ff) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tol,EC'32- Cond = Sign-Gestalt-Expect that waiting after S leads to US R appropriate to sign may/may not be same as to significate Classcond is pattern for all lrnd sensory integration Laws of CR: Frequency, recency, primacy Th applies to beh qua molar (molecular S-R units possible) Lrng= organizatn--Gestalt--Not tied-together elements (578) Law of Togetherness: Spatial, temporal, sequential (379) Law of Fusibility: Some Ss more readily org w/some USs (380 Law of Emphasis (-Effect): Lrng incr by exciting S/US (387) XXXX Review anatomical locus and neurophysiol th of cond - - - - Hil,ER'39- XXXX In classcond, lrng is S1-S2 connection as-f(exercise) (127) Tol,EC'59- Re above, S1 is genz gradient, narrows w/trng Extn =f(neg evidence) w/hi R/Extn w/hi motiv/conflict (128) CR is a "performance" ("act")--eg Lat(CR) is-f(ISI) (133) XXX- Setting effect: Directive role of context re rel CR (63) - Ber,J.'65- XXX- Image of vitally important object assoc immed (343) Image reproduced by components of initial sit (341) Initial reaction when Pair(S,US) based on mental image (59) Cond temporary S-R connection emerges w/constant trng (59) XXX- S-analyzer has levels from recep to percep (gnostic) (105) Kon,J.'67- Immediate unitary percep of familiar S as gnostic unit (77) Above requires explor arousal+targeting (attn) reflex (78) Recog is all-or-none, based on few essential elements (79) New S activates potential gnostic unit if emot signif (107) Transmittent S and recipient US gnostic units assoc (167) Above assn requires excitatn from receptors w/arousal (167) Assn is unidirection, is-f(validity/temporal sequence (169) In classcond, transmittent S assoc w/recipient US (265) True CR comprises same (not nec all) elements of UR (270) Argues extn contradicts S-R th (267) (but not S-R reinf th) Cond HR accel/decel as fear is active/passive defense (268) XXX- Multifactor th: Molecule of lrng in cog space w/4 elements Sal,E.'73- Elements: Assn, S- and R-differentiation, boundary strength Assn: 1-trial, all-or-none proc, re S/R pre-differentiation Above th derived from verbal lrng, apply to human vol cond XXX- Hybrid theory of classical conditioning - - - - - - - - - - Log,FA'77- XXX- Pair(S,US)--S elicits cog representatn of US (us'), reverse CR (if any) is overt manifestation of uncond ur' to us' Drive (Dr) is disposition to respond based on dep XXX- Dynamism based on CSI (sD) and USI (us'D) Micromolecular R-def, w/P(CR) re variable threshold AXX- SOP Theory (Standard Operating Procedures in Memory) - - - Wag,AR'81- Memory viewed as sets of S nodes interconnected via assn - S-nodes have elements; origin of S-nodes unspecified Elements in inactive-I, primary-A1 or sec-S2 active state Activate I elements to A1 by S-event, decay to A2 then to I Proportion of elements activated incr-f(S-inten) Decay actually displacement due to limited A1/A2 capacity R = weighted-f(proportion of elements in A1/A2) from all S (Note: Elements in A2 may lead to same/diff R as A1) Activate I elements to A2 (not to A1) by assoc S event Assoc lrng (excit) is-f proportion of S1/S2 elements in A1 Assoc lrng (inhib) is-f propor S1 elements in A1, S2 in A2 Net effect is excit-inhib integrated over trial, path indep Implies cond decr-incr in UR to US as-f(USI/R-meas) Implies max cond w/simult Pair(S,US), inhib>excit w/backwrd Above for 1-tr w/punctate S; max w/intermed pos ISI w/delay Implies neg-accel acq/extn curves of S-US assoc strength CZ-5:00. Classical Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****cZb DxS- Complete 42-item biblio of Pavlov's meth (mostly Russian) - Yer,RM'09+ XXX- Bibliography w/1111 references, classified index - - - - - Raz,GH'37- HXX- Survey classcond in normal/pathological human beh - - - - - Wel,L.'57+ XXS- Historical antecedents of salivary cond B4 Pavlov - - - - - Ros,MR'59- XXX- Reviews over 400 exper reports on classcond thru 1965 - - - Bee,RS'66- CZ-6.00. Classical Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****cZc XXX- Classical Conditioning Pro,WF'65- N.S.F. Symposium at Penn State Univ, 1963, 19 articles M.E.Bitterman, A.H.Black, I.Gormezano, W.W.Grings, T.F.Hartman, H.S.Hoffman, L.J.Kamin, H.D.Kimmel, W.R.McAllister-D.E.McAllister, J.W.P.Ost-D.W.Lauer, W.F.Prokasy, G.Razran, L.E.Ross, M.M.Shapiro-T.M.Miller, F.D.Sheffield, D.D.Wickens, D.R.Williams, F.A.Young, D.Zeaman-R.W.Smith. XXX- Issues in Associative Learning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mac,N.'69+ Symposium at Dalhousie Univ, 1968, 7 articles W.K.Estes, E.Hearst, H.M.Jenkins-R.S.Sainsbury, L.J.Kamin N.J.Mackintosh, R.A.Rescorla, A.R.Wagner XXX- Classical Conditioning II - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bla,AH'72+ Conference at McMaster Univ, 1969, 18 articles A.Amsel, D.Bindra, A.H.Black-L.De Toledo, J.Garcia- B.K.McGowan-K.F.Green, I.Gormezano, D.A.Grant, W.W.Grings, J.W.Moore, P.A.Obrist-J.R.Sutterer-J.L.Howard, W.F.Prokasy, D.C.Raskin, R.A.Rescorla-A.R.Wagner, L.E.Ross-S.M.Ross, N.Schneiderman, S.Siegel, J.Theios, M.A.Trapold- J.B.Overmier, D.L.Wahlsten-M.Cole AXX- Info-processing: Conditioned Inhibition - - - - - - - - - - Mil,RR'85+ 1983 Symposium at SUNY Binghamton, 13 articles A.G.Baker-P.A.Baker, R.C.Bolles, H.Fowler-M.C.Kleiman- D.T.Lysle, G.Hall-H.Kaye-J.M.Pearce, P.C.Holland, H.M.Jenkins, V.M.LoLordo-J.L.Fairless, N.J.Mackintosh- M.M.Cotton, R.R.Miller-T.R.Schachtman, J.W.Moore-K.Stickney R.A.Rescorla, S.S.Soltysik, A.R.Wagner-M.B.Larew XXX- Classical Conditioning III - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gor,I.'86+ Behavioral/neurophysiol-chem meth w/rabbit, 14 articles T.W.Berger-D.J.Weisz, S.D.Berry-D.J.Weisz,L.A.Mamounas, C.F.Cegavske-T.A.Harrison-Y.Torigoe, J.F.Disterhoft- K.J.Quinn-C.Weiss, N.H.Donegan-A.R.Wagner, E.J.Kehoe, M.M.Patterson-A.G.Romano, W.F.Prokasy, W.R.Salafia, M.J.Scavio, N.Schneiderman-P.M.McCabe-J.R.Haselton- H.H.Ellenberger-T.W.Jarrell-C.G.Gentile, P.R.Solomon, R.F.Thompson-N.H.Donegan-G.A.Clark-D.G.Lavond-J.S.Lincoln- J.Madden-L.A.Mamounas-M.D.Mauk-D.A.McCormick AZ-1:00. Avoidance Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****dXc XXX- Persist of ARi requires spatio-temporal expectancy - - - - Rit,BF'51- HYX- Must elim verbal cues adequately to test absolute th - - - Gri,GR'53- MXX- Effect of reinf/nonreinf parallel/constant over 90 problems Har,HF'57+ Above favor uniprocess th of discrim lrng, w/inhib mech AOxX Attrib ARo to rel cond aversiveness of post-R temporal cues Ang,D.'63- XfX- W/neg environ fdbk, beh control of S, not S control of beh Pow,WT'71- AZ-2:00. Avoidance Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****dXe XXXX Anal of pre-solution reversal re S/Genz and inhib - - - - - Blu,RA'49+ Favor non-continuity w/massed trng, punish, similar cues Favor continuity w/distrib trng, no punish, different cues AXXX Reviews development of continuity-noncontinuity controversy Goo,KP'61e Continuity assumes discrim-diff proximal (vs central) S Indeterminacy if hypo in noncontinuity not defined by beh XXEX Anal of aversive cond proc re US delay/decr-inten and R - - Gol,ML'62- AXX- Exhaustive review of animal discr lrng w/selective attn th Sut,N.'71+ XXXX Traces history of issues/paradoxs/problems re avoidance - - Bol,RC'72- Classcond era: AR viewed as CR in Pair(S,aversive US) Motiv-reinf era: Motiv=cond fear; AR=IR reinf w/decr fear Conting era: Availability/timing of avoid/escape/CS-term R-problem era: Acq AR w/1-way >shuttle >w/drawal >bar-press Hypo: Freezing, reflexiveness, discrim, reinf, SSDR Anal: Danger signal-->SSDR hierarchy-->AR-->safety signal AZ-3:00. Avoidance Conditioning: Models ZZ****dXm XXX- Markov model for discrim lrng w/observing R (ObR) - - - - - Atk,RC'58- XXXX Random-walk Markov model of choice beh - - - - - - - - - - Est,WK'60- States = orient, approach, w/draw, re-orient, approach, R XXXX Markov model of cond w/2 S-elements + 2 cond-states - - - - The,J.'63- Implies constant P(R) between 1st success and last error Fits above th to acq of 1-way ARi w/rats XXF- Model limit P(CR) on CR trials greater w/class than avcond Pro,WF'74- AZ-4:00. Avoidance Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****dXT RXXX During discrim acq, perf shifts from positive R to cued R - Kre,I.'32- During discrim reversal, N/position Rs incr then decr W/insoluble discrim, observe changes in systematic choice Infer discrim lrng based on systematic/purposive Rs (Hypo) Note: Hypotheses initiated by O's interp of situation XXX- Th of acq of ObR in discrim lrng based on sec reinf - - - - Wyc,LB'52- MxLX Discrim lrng set th incl cue value of reinf - - - - - - - - Res,F.'58- Above th incl abstract cues, rel weight of diff-reinf cues XXX- Computerize Hull-Spence theory w/H=f(avoid) x D=f(escape) - Hof,HS'65- Stat rats w/above theory fit data if add temp emotionality Hof,HS'65- XXXX Re elicitation th, reversal-->extn of old S+ B4 acq new R - Den,MR'70- Extn based on recond of incompatible (withdrawal) R Ease of reversal decr-f genz of extn R to new S+ Predicts ORE if extended trng-->decr above genz Af - Disting fdbk re R from operant fdbk in representational th Mor,RG'79- AZ-6.00. Avoidance Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****dZb AZ-6.00. Avoidance Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****dZc AXX- Animal discrim lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gil,R.'69+ Symposium, University of Sussex, 1967, 17 articles M.E.Bitterman-N.J.Mackintosh, T.M.Bloomfield, R.A.Boakes, R.M.Gilbert, J.A.Gray-P.T.Smith, P.Harzem, H.S.Hoffman, W.K.Honig, H.M.B.Hurwitz-R.V.Dillow, J.D.Keehn, N.J.Mackintosh, I.S.Russell, S.Siegel, N.S.Sutherland, D.R.Thomas, A.R.Wagner, J.M.Warren-B.McGonigle XXXX Fear/avoidance/phobias: Field of aversive events, 12 chap Den,MR'91- H.B.-J.T.Daly, S.J.Dean-C.M.Pittman, D.J.Delprato- K.W.Rusiniak, M.R.Denny, M.S.Fanselow, H.Fowler-D.T.Lysle- P.L.DeVito, D.J.Levis, T.R.Minor-N.K.Dess-J.B.Overmier, D.E.-W.R.McAllister, J.Panksepp-D.S.Sacks-L.J.Crepeau- B.B.Abbott, D.C.Riccio-N.E.Spear, T.G.Stampfl EZ-1:00. Escape Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****eXc EZ-2:00. Escape Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****eXe EZ-3:00. Escape Conditioning: Models ZZ****eXm EZ-4:00. Escape Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****eXT EZ-5:00. Escape Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****eZb EZ-6.00. Escape Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****eZc OZ-1:00. Operant Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****gXc XXXX Opcond: Incr strength of operant if followed by reinf (21) Ski,BF'38- Opcond extn: Decr str of cond operant by no reinf (22) Hf - Effect of biofdbk varies w/diff relaxatn proc + indiv diff Qua,PJ'81+ XXXX System of hi-order prin integrating basic reinf sched laws Zei,MD'84- OZ-2:00. Operant Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****gXe RIB- Temporal discrim from preceding reinf in FI (271) - - - - - Ski,BF'38- Deduce that FI sched entail diff-reinf of long IRT (276) XXX- P(reinf) incr-f length of IRT in FI sched (134) - - - - - - Fer,CB'57+ Postreinf pause=f(nonreinf) early in FI (135) Postreinf pause control by postreinf stim/other beh (135) XIX- Reviews temporal discrim--R/rate=f(P(reinf)) in time - - - Mor,WH'66- PIK- Effect of omitting reinf depends on reinf sched - - - - - - Sta,JE'70- XXX- Considerable variability in N/R/interval in FI - - - - - - Zei,M.'77- Conclude that R/rate and R/pattern controlled by diff var R/rate=f(temporal contiguity of reinf and R-class) Patterning=f(placement of reinf in time) OZ-3:00. Operant Conditioning: Models ZZ****gXn XXX- Account for sched-control of Rate(OpR) w/time-based model - Sch,WN'56e Model alternates reinf time interval (tD)/nonreinf (tDELTA) Varying tD and tDELTA varies reinf IRT, hence Rate(OpR) XIX- Diff models for scallop and break-run perf on FI sched - - Amb,S.'76- Former is Poisson lrng model, latter is 2-state model OZ-4:00. Operant Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****gXT PIK- Identifies inhib aftereffect of food on temporal sched - - Sta,JE'67- Identifies omission effect of nonreinf that elevates R Maintains inhib effect overshadows omission effect PIK- Identifies confusion and diff-memorability of S in FI - - - Sta,JE'75- AXPX Th of perf based on expected time to reinf - - - - - - - - Gib,J.'77- Th of pref basec on rel expected time to reinf In above, time-to-reinf rescaled re unit timer w/indiv diff Discrim local/overall expectancy of reinf in temporal sched XXXX Hybrid theory of operant conditioning - - - - - - - - - - - Log,FA'77- S memory trace = S elements w/diff life times after S Perceptual memory system filled w/traces of recent S S may be nondisruptive (context) or preemptive (emot sig) S-S assn by contig: S element assoc w/memory when displaced Note: S element can be assoc w/nonoccur of expected S Diffcond context vs context+S if diff P(emot-signif S) Temporal diffcond if P(emot-signif S) is-f(time) Mystery mech: control is-f correl w/emot-signif S Incentive motive: R-prod fdbk assoc w/emot-signif S Above incentive motiv assoc w/compound incl context S Math formulation of above postulates-->Anal of FI/VI sched Eg w/FI sched, acq expect no reinf to short R-prod elements Note: Require 2nd lrng proc (S-R) to get OpR perf Re above, assume variable threshold as-f(context+fdbk) Good fit of th to empirical Prob(1st OpR, later OpR) OZ-5:00. Operant Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****gZb XXX- Intro to Exper Anal of Behavior, Reprint 39 articles - - - Ver,T.'66- OZ-6.00. Operant Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****gZc XXX- Operant beh: Areas of thought/research, 19 articles - - - Hon,WK'66- N.H.Azrin-W.C.Holz, S.W.Bijou-D.M.Baer, D.S.Blough J.J.Boren, J.V.Brady, A.C.Catania, C.B.Ferster-C.E.Hammer J.D.Findley, R.J.Herrnstein, H.S.Hoffman, W.C.Holz- N.H.Azrin, R.T.Kelleher, G.B.Kish, W.H.Morse, F.H.Rohles M.Sidman, B.F.Skinner, P.Teitelbaum, H.S.Terrace XXX- Theory of reinf schedules - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sch,WN'70- Symposium at APA, New York City, 1966, 9 articles A.C.Catania, P.B.Dews, H.M.Jenkins, F.A.Logan-D.P.Ferraro W.H.Morse-R.T.Kelleher, B.A.Ray-M.Sidman, W.N.Schoenfeld- J.Farmer, A.G.Snapper-J.Z.Knapp-H.K.Kushner, B.Weiss XXX- Hdbk of operant beh: Conceptual/theoretical devel - - - - Hon,WK'77+ IZ-1:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****iXc xXN- Genz: Cortex does not mod function of deep brain structures Gar,AA'84e IZ-2:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizatn ZZ****iXe IZ-3:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Models ZZ****iXm IZ-4:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****iXT RARH Derive "foresight" beh from S-R prin via cond antic goal R Mil,NE'35- Support th w/decr IR after direct placement in GB w/shock Above decr IR only if distinct goal R on trng/placement tr RXX- Favor sign-gestalt over CR for instrucond (eg string-pull) Tol,EC'37- Basis: R not=UR, S/R defined by environ, contig not suff XXX- Disting empirical law of effect from reinf theory - - - - - Spe,KW'51- Rg-Sg mech may be same as sign-gestalt-expectation XXX- Contrasts S-R assn-reinf + S-S cognition-contiguity interp XXXX Sequential hypo: Perf on tr N is-f S from preceding trials Cap,EJ'67- Above is a memory effect, not-f(ITI) Applies hypo to acq/extn as-f partial/delay/mag reinf XXXX Concl: Pavlov CR mediates instrumental R w/out direct S-R Ove,JB'79+ XXXX Interp above mediation re both motiv and cue functions Ove,JB'79+ IZ-5:00. Instrumental Conditioning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****iZb IZ-6.00. Instrumental Conditioning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****iZc XXX- Instrumental cond and brain research Zer,B.'80+ FZ-1:00. Free Behavior: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****kXc XXX- Free beh sit: Free access to OpR for total intake/access re some commodity/activity of value to organism (110ff) - - Log,FA'55e Free beh sit--Involves interdependence of motivation and consumption rather than indep-dependent variable anal XXXX Motiv is-f constraint on normal pattern of feeding/drinking Col,GH'72e Short-term intake is anticipatory of need, not regulatory Eat/drink pattern is-f ecological niche (carni-/herbivore) XXXX Favor free beh sit vs uncond effects of severe dep - - - - Mor,G.'75- Results in free beh sit not compatible w/accepted concepts XCCF In natural environ, O anticipates needs B4 depletion - - - Col,G.'77e Across many var, free intake is-f meal size, not N/meals Animals possess feeding strategies, vary w/habitat RCCH W/closed econ, choose beh/food alternatives to maximize calories/nutritive qual re procurement time/enery - - - Col,GH'81- XCCH Time window (min/hr/mo) re antic needs is-f niche/habitat - Col,GH'90+ XCCX Cannot generalize from session paradigm to free beh sit - - Col,G.'97+ W/patchy environ, bouts=f(allocate time/effort re resources Intake governed by "house economist" re costs/benefits Depletion-repletion fdbk model of motiv not fit closed econ Beh is-f regulatory outcome rather than immed consequences FZ-2:00. Free Behavior: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****kXe XXXX Beh bouts =f(beh/environ/homeostatis/internal clocks) - - - Ric,CP'60- XCCF Non-eating interval B4/after meal not-f(meal size) - - - - Col,G.'77e Infer from above that eating in free-feeding sit is not a simple function of fasting/feeding FZ-3:00. Free Behavior: Models ZZ****kXm Anal free beh sit re comparative statics: equilibrium rate Log,FA'55e 3 models for free beh sit: maximum, equilibrium, choice RCxx Sequential P(eat/drink/run) fit w/1st-order Markov - - - - Pre,D.'70+ Re above, duration of state =f(prior event) but not duratn HXX Model of self-regulation: R-fdbk, eval, self-reinf - - - - Kan,FH'71- XXXX Model re amt time devoted to various acty re reproduction - Bou,AI'89+ Concl open econ for foraging, closed for time-allocation FZ-4:00. Free Behavior: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****kXT XXXX Model for competing acts w/oscillation between start/stop thresholds w/tendency incr w/time, decr when perform act Sla,PJ.78- FZ-5:00. Free Behavior: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****kZb FZ-6.00. Free Behavior: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****kZc DZ-1:00. Discrimination: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****mXc DZ-2:00. Discrimination: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****mXe XXXX Evidence (eg neg transfer) for continuity in discrim lrng - MCu,TL'39- DZ-3:00. Discrimination: Models ZZ****mXm DZ-4:00. Discrimination: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****mXT XXXX Reject Spence's anal of transposition re acq relational R - Raz,GH'38- DZ-5:00. Discrimination: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****mZb DZ-6.00. Discrimination: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****mZc RZ-1:00. Differentiation: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****rXc HXXX Ident voluntary beh re self-excited proc w/char latency - - Hun,WS'35+ HXX- Mvmts controlled by preprogrammed trajectory/final position Biz,E.'89- RZ-2:00. Differentiation: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****rXe Hf - Anal of elasticity/viscosity/inertia of manipulanda on perf Bah,HP'57- Mf - Hypo: Wholly central fdbk mech re pattern of efferent acty Tau,E.'80- Can coord unilateral deaff limb w/intact limb to make AR Interp: Above disproves interlimb inhib hypo Vol mvmt of unilateral deaff limb if restrain intact limb Persist using deaff limb if restrain intact limb for 3 days Use deaff limb if restrain both limbs for 3-mo post-op Hypo: Lrnd nonuse of unilat deaff limb while non-functional HXXX Survey research/theory human perceptual-motor skills - - - Hol,DH'89- RZ-3:00. Differentiation: Models ZZ****rXm RZ-4:00. Differentiation: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****rXT RZ-5:00. Differentiation: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****rZb RZ-6.00. Differentiation: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****rZC HXL- Tutorials in motor beh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ste,GE'80+ NATO Institute at Abbaye de Senanque, France, 1979, 41 art HXXX Goal directed beh: Concept of action - - - - - - - - - - - Fre,M.'85+ Review psych of action, bridge American/German, 24 articles L.R.Beach, V.Blankenship, D.E.Broadbent, K.G.Dolgin, M.Frese-J.Sabini, C.R.Gallistel, H.Heckhausen-J.Kuhl, E.Klinger, R.S.Lazarus, U.Neisser, F.Reither-T.Staudel, M.Silver, V.Schurig, M.Stadler-T.Wehner, C.von Hofsten SZ-1:00. Spatial Learning: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****sXc XXXX Maze habit in rat is intelligent beh w/genz to humans Las,KS'29- XMLX Contends gradient of lrng emanates from start, not goal - - Den,W.'35- RML- Interp maze lrng as percep lrng re differentiation of units Sny,D.'36- XXXX Critical of rg-sg anal of reasoning/latent lrng re rg extn Deu,JA'56- XXE- Attrib abnormal fixations to fear cond to context - - - - - Lic,PE'57- SZ-2:00. Spatial Learning: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****sXe XXXX After extensive trng, no effect direct placed w/shock in GB Tol,EC'33- XXXX Eval criterion for VTE + its effect on lrng re positn pref Gos,AE'56+ RMLX Rel place vs R lrng is-f(extra-maze cues, N/irrel cues) - - Res,F.'57- SZ-3:00. Spatial Learning: Models ZZ****sXm XXXX Sowbug: Formula for indep var --> dep var (errors/VTE) - - Tol,EC'41- Implies N/VTE as-f(S-sim) depends on lrng relevant cue HML- 2-stage model for maze lrng: Discover/fixate correct R - - Sim,HA'57- SZ-4:00. Spatial Learning: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****sXT XMLX Notes enter cul is not an "error" because of correction - - Gen,JA'30- Attrib maze lrng to prin pf min effort (distance) w/trng Gen,JA'30- XMLX Lrng decr-f(Delay(Reinf)); implies correct > error path - - Hul,CL'32- Above goal-gradient hypo implies backward elim of errors Hul,CL'32- XXXX Favor Tolman-Lewin interp: percep lrng not-f(reinf) - - - - Whi,RK'43- XXXX Above "knowledge" re path to goal + need --> perf Whi,RK'43- XXX- Total inhib = Ir (resp/reactive inhib) + Is (stim inhib) - Tho,ME'60- Is is-f non-reinf occur of S or R, if previously reinf Tho,ME'60- Applies th to altern/extn/spon-rec re CRF/PRF Tho,ME'60- SZ-5:00. Spatial Learning: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****sZb XML- Trace maze lrng ability annelid-to-insect + fish-to-mammal War,JM'59- SZ-6.00. Spatial Learning: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****sZc