LOGAN: BASIC LAWS OF LEARNING 1/1/2000 SYSTEMATIC ANALYSES: Systematic Contents ZH-1:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, General ZZ****ZHa ZH-2:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Comparative ZZ****ZHc ZH-3:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Concepts ZZ****ZHd ZH-4:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Expectancy ZZ****ZHe ZH-5:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Inference ZZ****ZHf ZH-6:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Social ZZ****ZHg ZH-7:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Imitation ZZ****ZHi ZH-8:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Communication ZZ****ZHl ZH-9:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Memory ZZ****ZHm ZH-10:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Counting/Timing ZZ****ZHn ZH-11:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Peception ZZ****ZHp ZH-12:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Recognition ZZ****ZHr ZH-13:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Symbolic ZZ****ZHs ZH-14:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Tool-Use ZZ****ZHt ZZ-1:00. Systematic: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****ZXc ZZ-2:00. Systematic: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****ZXe ZZ-3:00. Systematic: Models ZZ****ZXm ZZ-4:00. Systematic: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****ZXT ZZ-5:00. Systematic: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****ZZb ZZ-6:00. Systematic: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****ZZc ZZ-7:00. Autobiography, biography, obituary ZZ****ZZA ZZ-8:00. Textbooks ZZ****ZZT ZH-1:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, General ZZ****ZHa HXXX Darwin's influence on functional psych, evolution of mind - Ang,JR'09- XXXX Pavlov: Consciousness is purely physiol state of optimum affectibility; new CRs and discrim develop here rapidly Mor,S.'14- XXXX Behaviorism relies on incomplete imageless thought - - - - Pea,TH'20- HXXX Thinking is T&E of laryngeal and substitute muscular acty - Wat,JB'20- HXXX No reliable subjective criterion of consciousness - - - - - Las,KS'23- XXXX Thinking chiefly subvocal talking, may incl manual/viscera Wat,JB"24- XXXX "Purpose" is objective aspect of beh if include goal object Tol,EC'25- Lrng requires purpose but is not identical with it XXXX Idea of self based on immediate reflective inference - - - Pat,HJ'26- XXXX Cannot determine validity of inferring animal consciousness Car,HA'27- AXX- Hi-mental-proc: Delayed R, insight, imitation, R to symbols Tol,EC'27- AXXX Discredit Morgan's cannon; infer mind w/non-quant observatn Ada,DK'28- NSXX Express emotion like man, w/coop beh in solving problems - Pas,E.'28- Qxx Re variety of prob, infer ideas and foresight in animals Ada,DK'29- FCRU Estab detour beh w/minnow, attrib to sit vs percep/symbolic Sch,PH'49- XXXX "Theory" is appeal to events at some place other than facts Ski,BF'50- Research re lrng th wasteful, not nec for signif research Can account for higher mental proc w/out theoretical proc XXXX Intel Pre,D.'77- AXXX Cog concepts may be descriptive/explanatory/theoretical - - Hon,WK'78- HXXX Anal of return of consciousness to psych incl whether mind-body problem solved heuristically/metaphyhsically - Hil,ER'80- AVXX Imitation unique: visual imput = fdbk from own beh; it does not require representation as basis for culture Hey,CM'93- XLLX Survey cog abilities in non-human animals re evolution - - Loc,A.'96+ XXXX Representational th of mind overvalued; require agency - - Rus,JK'96- AXXX Disting animal cog vs thinking as anthropomorphic error - - Dav,H.'97- XXXX Disting biol vs intentional (having plans) purposive beh - Mil,RG'97- AXXX Mech acct complex cog beh re connectionist neural network - Sch,NA'97- AXXX Review primate physical/social knowledge w/theory of cog - Tom,M.'97+ XVOO Imitation/self-recog are precursors to devel theory of mind Bar,KA'98- AXXX Sys anal of tool use, self-recog, attribution in non-humans Boy,ST'99+ ZH-2:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Comparative ZZ****ZHc Cxx Infer sim proc in animal if sim situation/beh in self - - - Ada,DK'29- XXXX Re problem box, monkeys > kittens, w/marked indiv diff - - Fje,HA'34- XXXX Re problem box, rats > guinea pigs, but < kittens/monkeys - Rie,BF'34- XXXX Disting humans re ability to emancipate self re biol drives Rev,G.'54- QZZZ Human > sub-human re prob solving due to naming of things - Mun,NL'57- NVOO Cog skills of great apes comparable to 2-yr-old human child Lin,AC'92e AXXX Sim beh w/animal/human suggests sim cog proc - - - - - - - Chu,RM'93- Eg timing re diffcond re S-duration w/rats/humans May devel model w/humans, then refine w/controlled animals AXXX Comparative cog --> info re prop that make humans unique - Hul,SH'93- ASOO Continuity human-nonhuman society re social info/knowledge Qui,D.'95+ OXXX Disting great apes vs other primates re symbolic thinking - Rus,AE'96e ZH-3:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Concepts ZZ****ZHd ZH-4:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Expectancy ZZ****ZHe XXXX Easier to make "dumb" cond a form of expectatn than reverse Tol,EC'38- XXXX Beh not-f expectancy per se, is-f its connections - - - - - Tho,EL'46- XXXX Anal of transfer implies instrucond is-f(S-reinforcer assn) Fow,H.'78- Above good-bad expectancy incl qual/quant reinf features XXXX Blocking phen imply lrng is-f(rel predictiveness) - - - - - Mac,NJ.78- ZXXX Cog view of assoc lrng as relations among environ events - Res,RA'78- HXXX Contends humans initiate R as-f(expectancy of outcome) - - Woo,PJ.86- XXXX Infer causal cog re intentional goal-directed IR - - - - - Dic,A.'95+ ZH-5:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Inference ZZ****ZHf XXXX Reasoning: appreciation sim/diff re old experiences/new sit Ska,EB'30- ZZZZ Re prob-solving: Variability (include hypo) --> T&E lrng - Mai,NR'40- Re prob-solving: Equivalence (transfer) --> concept formatn Re prob-solving: Spon integratn (reasoning) -->redintegratn NOOO Chimps use stick tool to push candy from tube - - - - - - - Lim,L.'95e NOOO 2/5 O genz above tool use to avoid trap in tube Lim,L.'95e NOOO Above understanding casual effect sloweer than children Lim,L.'95e ZH-6:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Social ZZ****ZHg ASOO Inference of experience of others by-product of self-aware Gal,GG'86- XXXX Devel/ethology/computer-science approach to attribution - - Whi,A.'91- nVOO W/chimp/human, self-recog precede devel of attribution - - Pov,DJ'94e ASXX Little coop based on reciprocation outside primate world - Ham,P.'96- OSOO More aggress, less coop support w/unrelated coati w/in band Gom,ME'97e ASOO Ident social categories: Indiv recog + dominance hierarchy Zay,R.'98+ ZH-7:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Imitation ZZ****ZHi XXXX Disting vol vs automatic imitation, of self B4 of others - Del,H.'26- Imitation is-f instings, length of infancy, social life XXXX Imitation is not instinctive; may be of self or of another Hum,G.'26- Imitation --> new combinations of lrnd acts, not new lrng Imitativeness is sec drive (lrnd) not an innate S-R Mil,NE'41+ Imitation hastens lrng, but R-units must have been lrnd B4 XSXX Social lrng Boy,R.'88+ ASZO Social lrng Zen,TR'88+ ASOO Imitation does not require self-consiousness, goal-directn Hey,CM'93- MSOO Imitatn/self-recog related capacities, not present w/monkey Mit,RW'93+ ZH-8:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Communication ZZ****ZHl AXXX Use communication beh as evidence of cog proc in animals - Gri,DR'78- ALLO Review research on language w/apes/dolphins re animal cog - Roi,HL'93e ZH-9:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Memory ZZ****ZHm XXXX STM=Active LTM elements; P(assn) is-f(rehearsal in STM) - - Wag,AR'78- AXXX Ident dispositional memory as discrim re current S - - - - Tho,GJ'84- Above based on past contingencies, usually gradual acq Ident representational memory as discrim re prior cue S Above subject to interference, w/reset after use Eg, paired-run task: Force L/R--> Tr-2 choice to shift/stay Reviews loss w/recovery effect of brain lsns on memory HXXO Infer memory of past assn w/CS as well as current strength Mil,RR'87+ ZH-10:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Counting/Timing ZZ****ZHn XXXX Counting is reaction process, easier w/regular units - - - Tin,MA'26- XXXX Human immed number ability limited to 2 or 3 w/out symbols Rie,A.'43- XXXX Animal timing re controlable internal clock w/fixed rate - Chu,RM'78- ZH-11:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Peception ZZ****ZHp PVLH Acq feature(+) > feature(-) favors perceptual vs R theories Hea,E.'78- ZH-12:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Recognition ZZ****ZHr XVXO Self-recog Mit,RW'95- xSOO Non-human primates have good indiv recog, some w/attributn And,JR'98- XVOO Concl: Evidence for mirror self-recog, is-f(rearing cond) - dVe,MW'99+ ZH-13:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Symbolic ZZ****ZHs XXXX Thinking substitutes implicit for explicit reactions, involving motor/emotive set w/language key to process - Das,JF'25- XXXX Functional theory of mind: defined re symbolic proc - - - - Mor,CW'32- XLLX Animal thought in image antecedent to human thought in word Sch,G.'32- XXXX Human primate unique in capacity to use symbols - - - - - - Whi,LA'32- Note: Symbol = sound/act/object w/arbitrary meaning RXXX Review data from unlrnd beh to evidence of symbolic proc - Mun,NL'33- XXXX Concl: Physiol psych important (eg symbolic beh re delay R) Lou,RB'41- NXXX Concl: Chimps capable of symbolic thought and self percept Med,J.'80- NSOO Concl: Use signs as nonsymbolic IR re context w/trainer - - San,RJ'85- ASXO Anal primate social beh re symbol structures (scripts) - - Wor,RP'96- Above incl kin recog, alarm calls, rank, attachment beh ZH-14:00. Systematic: Higher Mental Processes, Tool-Use ZZ****ZHt XXXX Primates alone in ability to use tools to build w/plans - - Whi,LA'32- MXXX Observe handedness and complex use of tools - - - - - - - - Klu,H.'33- MXXX Sim prob solution w/tool use 3-yr after original tests - - Klu,H.'37- NOOO Internal representatn, tool-use, communication interlinked Sav,E.'78e ZZ-1:00. Systematic: Conceptual Propositions, General ZZ****ZXc XfX- Cerebral control center inc/decr acty re hedonic tone (184) Mor,CL'00- Visual/taste/fdbk/control centers assoc w/each other (185) XXXX Behaviorism is mechanistic but can/should be purposive - - MDo,W.'23- XXX- No hard/fast line between purposive/mechanistic theories - Gut,ER'24- Purposive have indeterminism, judge by predictive accuracy Gut,ER'24- XXX- Purposive Behaviorism - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tol,EC'26- Purposive element of beh is objective, over/above motions Idea is cognitive postulation re appetites/aversions Beh cognitions: Discrim, manip, rel position/order XXX- Consciousness: When can shift to more differentiated beh - Tol,EC'27- AXX- T&E/insight are 2 extreme varieties of lrng - - - - - - - - Tol,EC'28- Mental representatn of end devel slowly or by restructuring XXX- Purpose is an inferred concept re objective phenomena - - - Tol,EC'28- Prepatory R (restless mvmt) change re change in end-situatn Tol,EC'28- AXX- Same physical apparatus not psych same for diff animals - - Hen,H.'29- XXXX Brain mech is dynamic relatn among parts of nervous system Las,KS'29- HXXX Mental acty is-f(physiol acty), prop of nervous system - - Las,KS'30- Not localizatn/reflex, thought is implicit speech, posture Nervous unit is reaction to ratio of excitation XXX- Dualism is dead; introspection-->physiol of consciousness - Bor,EG'32- XXXX Disting psych from physiol re adapt to extrinsic environ - Hun,WS'32- XXX- Laws of form Consequent=f(Antecedent) hold for all psych - Gut,ER'33- XXX- S is functional: object/property/relation that arouses actn Kan,JR'33- R is factor in S-R interaction --- not crude perf XXXX Cortical irradiation as basic Pavlov prin is not confirmed Lou,RB'33- XXXX Contends S-R theory re goal object equivalent to purpose - Rex,CN'33- AXXX Animal inner life forever hidden; mind/conscious meaningles War,CJ'33- XXXX Contends Thorndike's "belonging" implies Gestalt organizatn Bro,JF'34+ XXXX Gen psych too narrow w/out animal beh - - - - - - - - - - - Fol,JP'35- XXX- Disting CR re reinf conting on S (classical) or R (operant) Ski,BF'35- Disting respondent (elicited) R vs operant (emitted) R - - XXXX Science public/repeatable constructs based on operations - Ste,SS'35- In psych: disting experimenter from thing observed Discrim (diff R to environ states) is fundamental operation XXXX Operational def of existence/experience/sensation - - - - - Ste,SS'35- Note: Concepts must be revised re new discoveries XXXX Contend diff types of lrng/intel w/diff neuro-physiol bases Har,HR'36- Scientific explanation: Law/principle=fact as-f(conditions) Fol,JP'37- Hypostatizatn fallacy: Classify/name beh pattern =explanatn XXX- Disting 2 classes of cond re sim of CR/UR + instr role of R Hil,ER'37- XXX- Can derive adaptive beh from physical system w/out 'mind' Hul,CL'37- XXXX Focus on objective anal of beh w/comparative/indiv-diff - - Kel,FS'37- XXX- Disting classcond vs "prize and punish" types of CR - - - - Kon,J.'37+ XXX- Contends cog terms docile/purpose are operationally defined Kre,I.'37- XXXX Praxiology: Examine every psych concept re laws of Physics Kuo,ZY'37- NXXX In seeking to understand beh, study much rather than many - Yer,RM'37- XXXX To explain is to describe and to describe is to explain - - Gel,FA'38- XXXX Find var of which beh is a function to predict beh (8) - - Ski,BF'38- XXXX Science-->language w/intersubjective signs for objects Ste,SS'38- XXXX Lrng proc =variability/plasticity/percept/repertoire/fixatn Mai,NR'39- XXX- Operationism/th in psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ber,G.'41+ XXXX Intervening var in beh th - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hul,CL'43- XXX- Beh as-f exper variables too complex for ultra-empiricism - Spe,KW'44- Break down into component functions w/intervening variables Intervening constructs first defined as-f independent var Interrelations between intervening constructs specified Dependent beh variable postulated as-f intervening variable XXXX Concl: Not nature vs nurture but nature and nurture - - - - How,TH.45- XXXX Instinct-lrng is continuum; expect effect may be lrnd (169) Heb,DO'46- Motiv = persist conceptual acty; not nec for lrng (181) XXXX Hypo 2 lrng proc: emot "cond" by contig, R "lrng" by effect Mow,OH'47- XXXX Hypothetical constructs/intervening variables - - - - - - - MCo,K.'48+ AXXX Comparative psych: Compare beh of diff species (incl human) Bea,FA'50- Primary aim: Gen laws of beh Thru 1948: Incr concentration on rat lrng Need more species, more types of beh (include unlrnd) XXXX What is lrnd? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ken,HH'50- XXX- S-R theory is not really like a telephone switchboard - - - Spe,KW'50- S-R theory does not require neurophysiological model Assn could be S-S or S-R, latter favored by Loucks exper Cog constructs emphasize intrinsic prop Cog studies emphasize S reception/percep Both theories assume O is active in S reception S-R theorists have not dealt w/perception and cognition XXX- Lrng th critical to all psych, lrng is core of science - - Bro,WJ'51- XXX- Favors use of neurological facts/ideas in psych theories - Heb,DO'51- XXXX Intervening var/hypo construct - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mar,MH'51- XXXX Expectancy (S1-R-S2) mod by Pair(S2,S*) w/out S-R occur - - Mee,PE'51+ XXXX Mult-proc th (eg 2-factor) not yet devel for test vs reinf Mil,NE'51- XXX- Classcond is autonomic acty; instrucond is CNS acty - - - - Mow,OH'51+ XXX- Hypothetical constructs represent unknown factors in lrng - Spe,KW'51- Learning is hypothetical construct re perf Lrng as perceptual reorganization (S-S) vs S-R tendencies S-S (except Tolman/Maier) reject concept of assn S-S emphasize intrinsic (conceptual) prop of constructs XfX- System w/fdbk cannot be treated as 1-way action system - - Ash,WR'52- XXXX Can't answer "What is lrnd?" Constructs are not entities - Ken,HH'52- Disting scientific explanation from psych understanding XXX- Theoretical psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ber,G.'53- XXX- Th in science - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dal,KM'53- XXX- No need for theory if only 1 R meas in 1 sit - - - - - - - Spe,KW'53- Neurophysiological math theories are arbitrary, no rel data Math of theory is neutral re cognitive/associationism Math of theory is neutral re reinf/contiguity XXXX Contends that transposition tests indicate what was lrnd - Cam,DT'54- XXXX Hypo constructs/intervening var - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gin,A.'54- XXXX Intervening var - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Maz,JR'54- XXX- Object to use of same term (cond/reinf) for diff operations Raz,GH'55- XXXX Intervening var - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sew,JP'55- XXX- Must understand abstract character of science (20) - - - - Spe,KW'56- HXXX Favor math model devel from data vs preconceived type of th Est,WK'57- XXX- Exper anal of beh same for animals/humans, simple/complex R Har,HF'57- XXX- Contends that science requires publicly verifiable concepts Spe,KW'57- Believes this requirement should apply to psych/personality Disting empirical-construct from axiomatic-model theories Unify diff laws to empiricist by empirical-construct theory XXXX Intervening var/hypothetical constructs - - - - - - - - - - Hil,ER'58- Describes OpR acq w/immed reinf of successive approximation Ski,BF'58- Emphasizes 1-O research w/out stat/theory Discuss social control of human beh w/complex Sched(Reinf) XXXX Treats R-inhib/S-satiatn as pos related to lrng/consolidatn Wal.EL'58- XXXX Trends in ethology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hin,RA'59- AXXX S-R theory incl images, perception, central proc as R (242) Mil,NE'59- Central proc follow same S-R laws as peripheral R (243) S-R theory incl rel R to rel S re fdbk discrepancy (248) R/Genz/differentiation = propriocep S/Genz/discrim (250) hXL- Extant prin not immed applicable to practical prob - - - - Spe,KW'59- Trend in pure science of lrng has been to simpler sit Spe,KW'59- XXXX Maier's law: Dispose of facts that do not conform to theory Mai,NR.60- Dispose by naming, by omission or by failing to report Any theory that cannot be quantified is inadequate XXX- Stress is placed on quantification of theories (367) - - - Spe,KW'60- HXXX Innate organization of brain is basis of everyday life - - Mil,NE'64- Neuromech of hunger/thirst are chem coded in brain Brain can control own input; S impinges on background acty Series of homeostatic mech control by temperature of cells Brain cells react to hormones/ESB to control motiv Lrng prin based on physiol; lrng condition based on culture Critical periods in infancy for events to affect beh devel XXXX Contemp cog th deals w/hi-mental proc outside S-R realm - - Ams,A.'65- AXXX No "scala naturae" vs evolutionary tree w/divergent lineage Hod,WC'69+ Use zoological model re interp species sim/diff in beh Goals: describe animal beh, systematic trends, gen mech XXXX Disting opcond (free-response) vs instrucond (discrete tr) Log,FA'70+ Disting "dynamic" th: treats beh continuously-over-time Ident S that enable/disable R-occurrence Disting "schedule" (when S happens) vs "conditions" (what) Above apply to both S/R, w/correl/dependency between sched Continuum opcond-->instrucond: Distinctive S-->enabling S Continuum instrucond-->opcond: Decr ITI toward zero Obtain sim data w/sim scheds w/run/bar-press R AXXX Discounts premises of mid-century comparative psych - - - - Loc,RB'71- No phylogenetic scale; rats not simple humans View intelligence re ecological demands Most beh not lrnd; genetics/evolution important Each species different; few general laws of beh Cross comparative/ecological method w/evolutionary biology AXXX Implications of (own) basic research re animal lrng - - - - Log,FA'72- Eg R-speed (incl lrng-to-learn) is lrnd; lrng is-f(practice Incentive th: Perf is-f(antic correlated reinf/punish) Implications of micromolar incentive th to eduction Lrng bi-directional; eg if depression-->ALC, ALC-->depressn Man not autonomous; Self-control/dignity/conscience lrnd XXXX Dominatn of neobehaviorism eroded as-f(devel in/out psych) Seg,EM'72+ HXX- Beh is always purposive; purpose is selected by brain (8) - Pow,WT'73- (Neg) Fdbk is central/determining factor in all beh (44) All beh oriented re diff from internal reference cond (47) Adaptive beh if controlled quant not= reference cond (49) Hierarchy of control: muscle, mvmt, effect (51) XXXX Motiv view of lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bin,D.'74- AXXX Ident qual differences in lrng/perf w/diff animal species - Bit,ME'75- Eg decr Amt(Rf), R/Extn as-f(Amt/Rf)), Choice as-f(P(Rf)) Use parametric anal as control re conditions (eg motiv) Disting phenomena from underlying processes Eg incentive contrast, overshadowing, reversal lrng Qual diff may reflect quant variatn in same mult processes Anal misbehavior, autoshaping, preparedness re methodology Comparative anal-->signif commonalities/diff laws of lrng AXXX Comparative psych losing status in college curricula/APA - Dem,J.'80- Attrib above to different views of what it is Consciousness/general laws/evolution/sim-differences in beh Dem,J.'80- XXXX Reprints of Hull's 1930 articles, w/insightful commentary - Ams,A.'84+ AXXX Comp psych: broad biol-based study of beh w/proud history - Dew,DA'84- Note: Exclude physiol and process-oriented anal re lrng Traces history/methods/topics/pioneers/myths Study animals for own sake w/empathy Incl evolution/field research/wide range of species Study wide range of beh w/description important rXXX Developmental psychobiol influences beh th, v/versa - - - - Ams,A.'86- Re above: Ontogeny of PREE suggests devel fast extn w/CRF - Ams,A.'86- AXXX Decline in behaviorism due to poor trng, not new arguments Din,J.'86- Lrng behaviorism effortful vs folk psych of cognitivism Train behaviorists as scientific conscience of psych AXXX Comparative psych incl diff anal of what animals do/can do Ber,IS'87- Proximal cause/motiv/physiol/evolution/ontogeny/function Advance discipline by focus on preserving data not theory AXXX Study of animal lrng closely related to comparative psych - Dom,M.'87- Evolution of mind re animal cognitn, adaptive specializatn Comparative anal important for general process approach AXXX Ident theories re animal lrng w/historical/contemp interest Comparative cognition re evolution of intel Animal models of human beh w/applications Functional neurophysiol/biology of lrng/memory New insights into lrng proc; eg choice is-f(optimization) AXXX Future of comparative psych is in tradition of animal mind Dor,FY'87+ Adaptation/immed survival/beh flexibility/select pressures AXXX Disting comparative study of mind (psych) from beh (praxics Eps,R.'87- Latter is comprehensive, multidisciplinary science AXXX Study beh of nonhuman organisms alive and well w/in psych - Gal,BG'87- Integrate evolutnary/ecologic approach w/devel/causal prob AXXX Comparative approach reveals generality of psych invariants Med,J.'87- AXXX Operant anal vs humanism (purpose/freedom) - - - - - - - - Ski,BF'87- Operant anal vs internal causes (eg memories/feelings) Operant anal vs cognitive (eg processing/retrieving info) If reduce key psych to neurology, psych no longer important For future of world, change contingencies of reinf now Confine psych to acccessible subject matter, not mind AXXX Pavlovian cond not simply CR assoc w/CS as-f(Pair(S,US)) - Res,RA'88- Contig not nec/suff; info-value/surprise/associability In classcond, many assns represent relations among events Assn has many effects, not just CR re UR Classcond relevant to other areas (eg cog/neuroscience) Concl: Classcond enduring/systematic/changing/exciting AXXX Anal N/animal publications in Psych Abstracts 1967-88 - - - Vin,W.'90e AXXX Dogs/cats/rabbits decrease, other animals stable AXXX Interp re costs/animal rights/cognitive psych AXXX Use nonhumans when procedure may be harmful to human O - - Din,J.'91- Use nonhumans for research requiring long time to complete Use nonhumans for really effective reinforcer (eg food/H2O) Use nonhumans for relatively homogeneous population Use nonhumans with controlled non-experimental environ Also need evidence that animal principles operate w/humans XXXX Describes methodological behaviorism in historical context Far,IE'91- AXXX People rebel against aversive, not positive control - - - - Din,J.'92- Note: But need countercontrol re misuse of positive Disting private experience of freedom vs autonomous agent Cites difficulty in understanding new ideas, emot bias Concl: Skinner more libertarian than totalitarian AXXX Review pragmatic view of animals as unfeeling automata - - Kin,DB'92+ Review sentimental view of animals w/hi virtue/morality Present moderate view to students/colleagues/general public AXXX Re animal cognition, need more species, better S-control - Coo,RG'93- XXXX Integrated approach to findings/ideas, re strength/weakness Dom,M.'93+ AXXX Generalists/ecologists need link w/evolutionary science - - Ril,DA'93+ AXXX Ident anthropocentric program: sim cog proc w/animal/human She,SJ'93- Ecological program: cog proc important re natural adaptatn Eg memory for location of stored food in some bird species Latter depends on, illuminates former AXXX Comparative cognition: phylogeny/ontogeny of cognition - - Ter,HS'93- AXXX Eg list lrng w/naove pigeon/monkey AXXX Comparative cognition: commonality of process - - - - - - - Was,EA'93- AXXX Eg categorization, covariation detection in pigeon/human Was,EA'93- Above vs historical solution (eg evolution) Blu,MS'95+ Former implies perfection, latter permits imperfection Analogous anal of attribution of animal mind/consciouness Mentalism vs behaviorism is old/seminal issue Quest for natural laws of animal lrng/beh AXXX Contrib of animal research obscured in intro psych texts - Dom,M.'95+ Above includes misrepresent animal research as if w/humans Animal research relevant even if mech different in humans Acknowledge contrib nec for public support of animal work AXXX Lrng th based on animal beh central to psych at mid-century Mac,NJ'97- Rapid decline is-f(cog vs rigid automatic S-R-reinf) Ident "cog proc" as outside scope of associative lrng th Assn is-f(representatn of S) eg configuratn/common elements Contemp liberalized associative lrng theory rich/relevant AXXX Animal cog rooted in philosophy of mind, theory of evolutn Was,EA'97- Above orientation lost in developing a "learning theory" Must regain focus on animal mind, comparative cognition Forge connections w/neuroscience/developmental/cog science Cultivate interest/support of general public AXXX Attrib decline in prominence of lrng to way it is taught - Mac,A.'98+ Eg teach facts not issues; illusory vernacular explanations Superficial everyday analogies; definitions, not reasoning Should focus on issues: evolutn/adaptatn/temporal integratn Methodolgy--msmt, exper design Epistomology--causality, functional relations, constructs Promote discovery: students formulate/solve questions AXXX Quant anal of trends in psych re citations/dissertations - Rob,RW'99e Decr in behaviorism vs incr in cognitivism Little relative change in psychoanalysis or neuroscience ZZ-2:00. Systematic: Empirical Analyses, Generalizations ZZ****ZXe XXX- Scientific laws are always abstract, vary in abstractness - Spe,KW'48- Distinguish laws--R=f(R), R=f(S), O=f(S), R=f(O) Spe,KW'48- XXXX Review ethology, instincts, beh devel, species specific beh Bin,D.'57- AXXX Review argument from design--adaptive fit implies Creator - Blu,MS'95+ ZZ-3:00. Systematic: Models ZZ****ZXm XXX- Stat lrng model w/Prob(reinf)=f(preceding tr) - - - - - - - Est,WK'57- ZZ-4:00. Systematic: Theoretical Analyses ZZ****ZXT XfX- Knowledge: Chain of antic CRs matchs environ event sequence Hul,CL'30- Pure S act: R w/sole function to provide fdbk S for other R Short-circuit to immed perf of final R is-f of persisting S XXXX Propositions of Gestalt psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hel,H.'33- Config is segregated whole (not all totalities are config) Config has form/structure --- eg qualities on a ground Lrng = Discovery of config prop already present in sit XXLX Concl: no isolated CR, no pure T&E, no wholly spon insight Das,JF'35- Hence extreme th based on any one of above are caricatures XXX- Ss present when complex mvmt occurs are future S for R (33) Gut,ER'35- XXXX Prin of Gestalt psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kof,K.'35- XXXX Organization of beh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Heb,DO'46- Beh th based on physiol of nervous system (1) - - - - - - - Heb,DO'46- Beh not-f(S alone); need autonomous central proc (set) (11) Lrng-->structural change even tho percept nonspecific (16) Concur acty in 2 neural cells-->percept assn (70) Re above, mult assn = "cell assembly" Phase sequence re reverberation whole/parts-->schema (98) Note: Above schema incl relative prop XXXX Sensory integration: 2 afferent centers contig are assoc - Bir,HG'51+ W/sensory integration, arousal of 1 center arouses other XXX- S-R reinf theory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hul,CL'51- S initiates molar stim trace (s)=log(CSI) incr-decr-f(time) Primary drive (D) arises from state of survival need Reinf = decr in drive S; applies to classcond/instrucond S-R assn (sHr) results from contiguity of s/r/reinf sHr incr-neg-accel-f(N/reinf) Excitatory potential (sEr) = f(sHr x D x V x K) Stim inten dynamism (V) incr-f(log S) Incentive motiv (K) incr-f(amt of reinf) XXXX Two-factor learning theory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mow,OH'51- Cond: Acq of emotions/meanins/attitudes/cognitions Solution lrng: Acq of overt instrumental habits via CNS XXXX Lrng is-f(contig); reward-->motiv for practice/perf - - - - She,FD'51- XXX- Postulates of Micromolar Theory (103ff) - - - - - - - - - - Log,FA'60- R-def: Quant-diff beh are diff Rs w/qual diff aggregated Dependent var is P(R); speed/amp lrng as diff Rs S-trace is-f incr or decr in S-inten, incl proprio fdbk Primary D is-f(dep) or noxious S; Sec D is cond fear Primary reinf is-f Rg incl fear dec; sec reinf is-f cond rg Habit is S-R assn, is-f(N/reinf); habit is permanent Inhib is-f(nonreinf) if habit>0; inhib decr by reinf Incentive (sINr)=f(Delay/Amt(Reinf)), w/M = D x sINr S/Genz = incr-f(S sim); R/Genz = incr-f(R sim) Effort (sFr) incr-f(work required by R) R-evocation --> Temporary inhib XXX- S-sampling th w/scale of cond rather than all-or-none - - - Atk,RC'61- XXXX Notes food will not reinf fear, shock will not reinf bar-R Mil,NE'63- Th: An activating "go mechanism" intensifies on-going beh Th: "Go mech" incr by food/pain-off/release-from-inhib/etc Th: All R's inc "Go mech" subject to cond w/contiguity suff Th: Strength of CR incr-f(strength of UR) w/delay gradient Th: CR w/out US --> extn Anal: S-->Motor-R, R-fdbk-->"Go mech", cybernetic guidance XXXX If S-->R-->Sx-->Rx, effect of Sx is-f(in)compatibility R/Rx Log,FA'65+ XXXX Disting habit (S-R) vs incentive (S-R-goal) lrng XXXX Above incl pos(reward) - neg(punishment) = net incentive XXXX Disting discrete tr PRF vs operant VR =100% reinf OpR chain XXXX Reward/noreward/punishment = Ss w/cue value XXXX Above implies acq incr/decr R re cue (incl courage) XXXX Hypo: Can guid beh w/antic goal resp cond to R-fdbk cues XXXX Anal of 1-proc vs 2-proc th of classcond/instrucond - - - - Hil,ER'67- Incl cog (decision) th w/fdbk prin as alternative Consider content (nature of beh) as well as process (lrng) XXXX Th: Habit is S-R assn, incentive motiv is R-S assn - - - - Log,FA'71- Habit is gradual/permanent, incentive rapid/changeable XXXX Behaviorism/tabula-rasa false assumptn of gen proc lrng th Rev,S.'71- XXXX Hypo: Lrng = acq of knowledge (causal assns) Rev,S.'71- XXXX Perceptual-motivational theory of adaptive behavior - - - - Bin,D.'78- Act is unified set of mvmts organized into an act-assembly Lrng is S-S conting w/Ss being neutral/appetitive/aversive Accounts for motor equivalence and flexibility in beh ZZ-5:00. Systematic: Bibliographies, Collections ZZ****ZZb XXX- Reprints of 20 articles and 2 new chapters - - - - - - - - Spe,KW'60- Above on instrucond/spatial lrng/discrim lrng research/th XXXX Reprints 64 publ based on relevance/signif/personal appeal Mil,NE'71- Above on conflict/fear/curiosity/drugs/learning/motiv/ESB/ - Above on chem coding in brain/instrucond visceral R Attempts to cond hunger elicited w/ESB unsuccessful (v) XXXX Basic hypo: Prin discovered in 1 sit apply to others (viii) Mil,NE'71- ZZ-6:00. Systematic: Conferences, Symposia, Editions ZZ****ZZc xxx- Hdbk of exper psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ste,SS'51- Mid-century state of exper psych, 36 articles F.A.Beach, W.J.Brogden, C.S.Hall, E.R.Hilgard, R.Leeper, D.B.Lindsley, N.E.Miller, C.T.Morgan, H.W.Nissen, K.W.Spence, and others XXX- Modern Learning Theory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Est,WK'54e Seminar at Dartmouth, 1950, sponsored by SSRC, 5 articles W.K.Estes, S.Koch, K.MacCorquodale-P.E.Meehl C.G.Mueller-W.N.Schoenfeld, W.S.Verplanck XXXX Behavior and evolution Roe,A.'58+ XXX- Math Lrng Theory--SSRC/Ford Foundation workshop at Stanford Bus,RR'59+ N.H.Anderson, R.C.Atkinson, D.E.Berlyne, G.Bower, C.J.Burke R.R.Bush, M.R.D'Amato, J.Engler, W.K.Estes, E.Galanter M.Glanzer, D.LaBerge, R.D.Luce, F.Mosteller, J.Popper S.Sternberg, P.Suppes, M.Tatsuoka XXX- Psychology: A Study of a Science, Vol 2 - - - - - - - - - Koc,S.'59- Gen systematic formulations/lrng/special proc, 12 articles D.Cartwright, D.G.Ellson, W.K.Estes, F.C.Frick, E.R.Guthrie H.F.Harlow, R.A.Hinde, A.L.Irion, F.A.Logan, N.E.Miller B.F.Skinner, E.C.Tolman XXL- Brain mechanisms and learning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Del,JF'61- Symposium in Montevideo, 1959, 30 articles W.R.Adey, P.K.Anokhin, E.A.Asratyan, R.W.Doty-C.Giurgea, R.Galambos, R.W.Gerard, E.Grastyan, D.O.Hebb, J.Konorski, J.Olds-M.E.Olds, H.E.Rosvold-M.Mishkin, W.H.Thorpe, others XXXX Math lrng th - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Atk,RC'65e XXX- Contemporary Soviet Psychology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Col,M.'69+ Forward by Leont'ev/Luria/Smirov + Ed-intro to 30 chapters P.K.Anokhin, E.A.Asratyan, N.I.Kasatkin, P.S.Kupalov, G.V.Skipin-I.G.Ivanova-I.B.Kozlovskaya-R.L.Vinnik, A.A.Smirnov-P.I.Zinchenko, A.N.Sokolov, O.S.Vinogradova XXX- Essays in neobehaviorism - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ken,HH'71+ Memorial to Kenneth W. Spence, necrology + 13 articles A.Amsel, M.R.Denny, G.R.Grice, H.H.Kendler-J.T.Spence T.S.Kendler, G.A.Kimble, F.A.Logan, I.Maltzman, C.C.Perkins J.R.Platt, L.E.Ross, B.J.Underwood, A.R.Wagner XXX- Behavior of nonhuman primates Sch,AM'71e XXX- Inhibition and Learning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Boa,RA'72+ Conference at Univ of Sussex, 1971, 20 articles A.Amsel, E.A.Asratian, M.E.Bitterman, C.J.Brimer R.J.Douglas, M.S.Halliday-R.A.Boakes, E.Hearst, W.K.Honig J.R.Ison, J.Konorski, E.M.MacPhail, M.Richelle, H.S.Terrace E.Thomas, A.R.Wagner-R.A.Rescorla, R.G.Weisman-J.S.Litner AXX- Perspectives on animal behavior Ber,G.'73- Conceptual perspectives on animal behavior, 10 chap G.Bermant-J.Alcock, P.H.Klopfer, R.M.Murphey, G.Mitchell R.Scobey-T.Harrington, B.L.Hunt, G.Bermant-B.D.Sachs, D.F.Lott, R.C.Bolles, J.Bastian-G.Bermant XXX- Contemporary Approaches to Learning & Conditioning - - - - MGu,FJ'73+ Assess the status of field of lrng/cond, 12 articles W.K.Estes, W.H.Gantt, J.Germana, D.A.Grant, G.A.Kimble F.J.McGuigan, D.Premack, R.A.Rescorla, E.Saltz W.N.Schoenfeld-B.K.Cole-J.Lang-R.Mankoff, M.E.P.Seligman- J.A.Johnston, D.D.Wickens XXX- Handbook of Learning & Cognitive Processes, Vol 1 - - - - - Est,WK'75- XXX- Introduction to concepts and issues, 7 articles R.C.Bolles, G.H.Bower, W.K.Estes, E.Hunt-M.Lansman, H.H.Kendler-T.S.Kendler, N.J.Mackintosh, D.Medin-M.Cole, XXX- Handbook of Learning & Cognitive Processes, Vol 2 - - - - - Est,WK'75- Conditioning and beh theory, 8 articles I.Gormezano-D.J.Kehoe, E.Hearst, E.G.Heinemann-S.Chase, H.D.Kimmel-R.A.Burns, R.A.Rescorla, J.W.Rudy-A.R.Wagner C.P.Shimp, J.E.R.Staddon XNX- Neural mech of lrng/memory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ben,E.'76+ XXX- Handbook of Learning & Cognitive Processes, Vol 3 - - - - - Est,WK'76- Approaches to human lrng and motiv, 9 articles A.M.Buchwald, D.L.Medin, J.L.Myers, J.R.Nuttin, L.E.Ross-S.M.Ross, B.Weiner, and others XXX- Handbook of Learning & Cognitive Processes, Vol 4 - - - - - Est,WK'76- Attention and memory, 8 articles D.LaBerge, N.E.Spear, and others XXX- Learning mechanisms in food selection Bar,LM'77e XXX- Psychopath: Exper models Mas,J.'77+ HfX- Biofdbk: Theory/research Sch,GE'77+ AXXX Conference on cog proc; Dalhousie U, June 1976; 14 papers - Hul,SH'78e R.C.Bolles, R.M.Church, H.Fowler, E.Hearst, W.K.Honig, S.H.Hulse, N.J.Mackintosh, E.M.Menzel, D.S.Olton, D.Premack, R.A.Rescorla, D.A.Riley-H.L.Roitblat, A.R.Wagner XXX- Ontogeny of lrng/memory Spe,NE'79+ XNX- Neural mech in beh/lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tho,RF'80e Joint seminar US/USSR Acad Science, UC-Irvine, 1978, 39 art XXX- Retrospective appreciation of Richard L. Solomon - - - - - Bru,FR'85+ L.B.Alloy-L.Y.Abramson-D.A.Kossman, A.H.Black-A.Dalrymple, B F.R.Brush, M.B.Cantor-J.F.Wilson, R.M.Church, P.S.Cohen- T.A.Looney-F.R.Campagnoni-C.P.Lawler, L.J.Hammond, R.W.Henderson, L.J.Kamin, W.W.Lambert, R.C.Leafk-S.Lamon- B.Haughton, V.M.LoLordo-J.L.Fairless-K.J.Stanhope, S.F.Maier-M.L.Laudenslager-S.M.Ryan, S.Mineka, J.B.Overmier R.A.Rescorla, R.A.Rosellini, S.F.Seaman, M.E.P.Seligman- M.A.Visintainer, E.H.Schein, R.D.Walk, M.R.Westcott XXXX Neural network models: cond/action. 1989 Harvard Symposium Com,ML'91e D.L.Alkon-T.P.Vogl-K.T.Blackwell-D.Tam, D.A.Baxter- D.V.Buonomano-J.L.Raymond-D.G.Cook-F.M.Kuenzi-T.J.Carew- J.H.Byrne, R.M.Church-H.A.Broadbent, M.L.Commons-E.W.Bing- C.C.Griffy-E.J.Trudeau, S.Grossberg, S.J.Hanson, D.S.Levin- P.S.Prueitt, W.B.Levy-C.M.Colbert, W.S.Maki-A.M.Abunawass, J.W.Moore, N.A.Schmajuk-J.J.DiCarlo, J.E.R.Staddon-Y.Zhang XXXX Topics in animal lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dac,L.'91+ 1988 Mardi Gras Symposium, Tulane, w/others, 14 chapters T.W.Berger-J.L.Bassett-W.B.Orr, M.E.Bouton, L.Dachowski- M.M.Brazier, M.R.D'Amato, A.R.Delamater-V.M.LoLordo, M.S.Fanselow-F.J.Helmstetter-D.J.Calcagnetti, C.F.Flaherty, B.S.Kapp-C.G.Markgraf-A.Wilson-J.P.Pascoe-W.F.Supple, R.R.Miller-N.J.Grahame, J.M.Pearce, R.Richardson-D.C.Riccio T.J.Walsh-J.J.Chrobak, T.R.Zentall-P.J.Urcuioli- P.Jackson-Smith,J.N.Steirn ZZ-7:00. Autobiography, biography, obituary ZZ****ZZA HXX- Psych in autobiography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mur,C.'30- J.M.Baldwin, M.W.Calkins, E.Claparede, R.Dodge, P.Janet J.Jastrow, F.Kiesow, W.McDougall, C.E.Seashore, C.Spearman W.Stern, C.Stumpf, H.C.Warren, T.Ziehen, H.Zwaardemaker HXX- Psych in autobiography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mur,C.'32- B.Bourdon, J.Drever, K.Dunlap, G.C.Fertari, S.I.Franz G.Heymans, H.Hoffding, C.H.Judd, C.L.Morgan, W.B.Pillsbury L.M.Terman, M.F.Washburn, R.S.Woodworth, R.M.Yerkes XXXX Contrib of Pavlov to psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lid,HS'36- HXX- Psych in autobiography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mur,C.'36- J.R.Angell, F.C.Bartlett, M.Bentley, H.A.Carr, S.DeSanates J.Frobes, O.Klemm, K.Marbe, G.S.Myers, E.W.Scripture E.L.Thorndike, J.B.Watson, W.Wirth HXX- Pavlov--A biography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bab,BP'49- HXX- Psych in autobiography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bor,EG'52- W.V.D.Bingham, E.G.Boring, C.L.Burt, R.M.Elliott, A.Gemelli A.Gesell, C.L.Hull, W.S.Hunter, D.Katz, A.Michote, J.Piaget H.Pieron, C.Thomson, L.L.Thurstone, E.C.Tolman HXX- John B. Watson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ber,G.'56- HXXX Clark Leonard Hull, 1884-1952 -- A Biographical Memoir - - Bea,FA'59- XXXX Hull's 'Idea Books' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hay,R.'62- CLH was concerned w/losing creative capacity w/old age CLH often had related thoughts while working on major theme He meticulously recorded these thoughts for later reference He tried to persuade others (including FAL) to imitate this XXX- Pavlov - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cun,M.'66- HXX- Psych in autobiography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bor,EG'67+ G.W.Allport, L.Carmichael, K.M.Dallenbach, J.F.Dashiell J.J.Gibson, K.Goldstein, J.P.Guilford, H.Helson, W.R.Miles G.Murphy, H.A.Murray, S.L.Pressey, C.R.Rogers, B.F.Skinner XXXX Kenneth W. Spence - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ken,HH'67- XXX- Perspectives on Psychology of Richard L. Solomon Kam,LJ'69- XXX- Describes archival material re life and work of Pavlov - - Bro,J.'73+ XXX- Discusses life/personality of Pavlov and evaluates concepts Gan,WH'73- HXX- Psych in autobiography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lin,G.'74- F.H.Allport, F.A.Beach, R.B.Cattell, C.H.Graham E.R.Hilgard, O.Klineberg, J.Konorski, D.Kretch, A.R.Luria M.Mead, O.H.Mowrer, T.M.Newcomb, S.S.Stevens HXX- Psych in autobiography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lin,G.'80- D.E.Broadbent, J.S.Bruner, H.J.Eysenck, F.A.Geldard, E.J.Gibson, D.O.Hebb, C.E.Osgood, R.R.Sears, H.A.Simon HXX- Psych in autobiography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lin,G.'89- R.Brown, L.J.Cronbach, W.K.Estes, R.D.Luce, P.E.Meehl G.A.Miller, C.Pfaffman, S.Schachter XXXX Psych at Iowa, Centennial celebration, 11 chapters - - - - Can,JH'91- A.Amsel, A.Bandura, J.S.Brown, L.D.Eron, I.E.Farber, N.Garmezy, L.D.Goodstein, E.R.Hilgard, H.H.Kendler, T.S.Kendler, J.T.Spence XXXX Iowa history re C.E.Seashore, G.D.Stoddard, J.McGeoch - - - Hil,ER'91- XXXX History of psych at Iowa, w/core belief as natural science Ken,HH'91- ZZ-8:00. Textbooks ZZ****ZZT XXX- History of exper psych Bor,EG'29- XXX- Psych of Learning Tho,EL'31- XXX- Contemp Schools of Psych Woo,RS'31- XXX- Fundamental of Learning Tho,EL'32- XXXX Comparative psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mos,FA'34- XXXX Maturation/lrng intimately related in infancy - - - - - - - Gar,CR'36- Diffuse beh devel w/differentiatn re S + individuatn re R XXX- Eclectic coverage of gen exper psych, focus on lab research Woo,RS'38- XXXX Conditioning and lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hil,ER'40+ XXX- Theories of lrng Hil,ER'48- XXX- Contemp Schools of Psych Woo,RS'48- XXX- History of exper psych Bor,EG'50- HXXX Personality and psychotherapy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dol,J.'50+ XXXX Prin of psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kel,FS'50+ XXX- Trends in psych th Den,W.'51- XXX- Psychol theory Mar,MH'51- XXX- Comparative psych Sto,CP'51- XXX- Psych of lrng (rev) Gut,ER'52- HOL- History of introspection Bor,EG'53- XXX- Evaluate exper lit in relation to critical theoretic issues Osg,CE'53- XXX- Science and Human Behavior Ski,BF'53- XXX- Experimental Psych Woo,RS'54+ XXX- Psych of lrng Bug,BR'56- XXX- Theories of lrng (2nd ed) Hil,ER'56- XXX- Largely empirical survey of indiv R, R-interactn, mediation Dee,J.'58- XXX- Lrng and beh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Law,R.'60- XXX- Prin of Comparative Psych Wat,RH'60e XXXX Motiv of beh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bro,JS'61- XXX- Hilgard-Marquis cond and lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kim,GA'61- XXX- Short intro to old and new theories of lrng - - - - - - - - Hil,WF'63- XXX- Hdbk of math psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Luc,RD'63+ XXX- Theories in contemp psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mar,MH'63- XXX- Exper in psych Blo,DS'64+ XXXX Psych of human lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mel,AW'64- XXX- Contemp Schools of Psych Woo,RS'64+ XXX- Conditions of lrng: Educ implications of empirical prin - - Gag,RM'65- XXX- Classical cond/instrumental lrng Hal,JF'65- XXXX History of psych - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Her,RJ'65+ XXX- Reward and punishment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Log,FA'65+ Undergrad text on laws/principles/anal of reward/punishment XXX- Psych of lrng: Empirical anal of lrng variables/conditions Hal,JF'66- XXX- Theories of lrng (3rd ed) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hil,ER'66+ Influence of classic theories, new devel + tech of instruct HXXX Human Memory Ada,JA'67- XXX- Psych of Learning organized by core processes - - - - - - - Dee,J.'67+ XXX- Cond and lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kim,GA'67- XXX- Cognitive psych Nei,U.'67- XXX- Stim and Resp Bar,JA'68- XXX- Conditioning and Instrumental Learning Wal,EL'68- XXX- Learning--Processes: Descriptions of behavior changes Mar,MH'69- J.A.Adams, M.R.D'Amato, C.N.Cofer, H.C.Ellis, I.Gormezano-J.W.Moore, H.I.Kalish, M.H.Marx XXX- Empirical anal of reinf contingencies--Not hypo-deduct th - Ski,BF'69- XXX- Comparative psych Den,MR'70+ XXX- Nature/cond of lrng Gar,R.'70+ XXX- Fund of lrng/motiv - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Log,FA'70- XXX- Historical synthesis of field of lrng, esp animal research Mow,OH'70- XXX- Psych of learning Sah,WS'70- XXX- Short intro to old and new theories of lrng - - - - - - - - Hil,WF'71- XXX- Broad overview of fund systematic/theoretic prob in psych Mar,MH'73+ XXX- Learning Med,SA'73e XXX- Study of beh Nev,JA'73+ XXX- Operant lrng: Applications to beh mod/educ - - - - - - - - Wil,JL'73- XXXX Prin of lrng/behavior: Emphasizes devel of ideas - - - - - Dom,M.'74- AXX- Psych of animal lrng - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mac.NJ'74- XXXX Lrng th - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bol,RC'75- XXX- Psych of lrng Cer,LS'75- XXX- Theories of lrng (4th ed) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hil,ER'75- XXX- Lab findings and applications interleaved w/theories - - - Ada,JA'76- XXX- Theoretical org of human lrng/memory, excl animal lrng - - Cro,RG'76- XXX- Lrng theories in historical perspective w/appl to educ - - Her,BR'76- XXX- Eclectic coverage of field, integrating animal/human lrng - Hou,JP'76- XXX- Fund of lrng/motiv (2nd ed) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Log,FA'76- XXX- Memory and Attention--Intro to Human Info Processing Nor,DA'76- XXX- Behavior and learning Rac,H.'76- XXX- Short intro to old and new theories of lrng - - - - - - - - Hil,WF'77- XXX- Focus on beh (incl cog) processes and procedures - - - - - Mar,MH'77+ J.A.Adams, M.E.Bunch, M.R.D'Amato, R.L.Dominowski H.C.Ellis-R.Hunt, R.M.Gagne, W.A.Hillix, H.I.Kalish D.H.Kausler, M.H.Marx, J.W.Moore-I.Gormezano, J.H.Mueller D.A.Riley XXX- Human lrng/memory/cog Ell,HC'78- XXX- Animal cond/human memory w/history/phil/evolutionary issues Hin,DL'78- XXXX Systematic anal of lrng/motiv - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Log,FA'78+ XXX- Skinnerian orient to basic prin of Pavlovian/operant cond - Sch,B.'78- XXX- Behavioral view of animal beh/lrng and human lrng/memory - Cat,AC'79- XXX- Psych of lrng/memory Ell,HC'79e XXX- Applied approach--Practical value of major prin of lrng - - Nav,DJ'79- AXXX Contemp animal lrng th - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dic,A.'80- AXX- Prin of Animal Lrng/Motiv: Cognition & Evolutionary Theory Tar,RM'82- XXX- Adaptive behavior/learning: Emphasize theoretical prin - - Sta,JE'83- XXX- Psych of Learning from consistent behavioral point of view Cat,AC'84- XXX- Issues of long-term learning/motivation - - - - - - - - - - Hil,WF'85- XXX- Lrng & Beh: Principles/theories/controversies/research - - Maz,JE'86- XXX- Lrng: Prin/Applications--Contrib of animal/human research - Kle,SB'87- XXX- Integrated intro to Animal and Human Learning/Memory - - - Gor,WC'89- XXX- Survey of connectionist/cognitive approaches to learning - Hil,WF'90- 0PRINTAB COMPLETION> 1636 RECORDS WERE PROCESSED !! END OF JES SPOOL FILE !!