Transformation of sound waves into mechanical vibration
Impedance matching
Acoustic reflex
Maintenance of normal air pressure in middle ear
Objectives
Identify the structures of the outer and middle ear on diagrams and from description
Describe how the outer ear protects the middle ear
Briefly explain how the outer ear amplifies certain sound frequencies
Briefly explain how the outer ear plays a role in sound localization using interaural intensity and interaural phase differences
Describe the structure of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain in the middle ear
Explain how the tympanic membrane and ossicles respond to sound waves of different frequencies
Explain why maintenance of similar pressure between the atmosphere and middle ear is important for sound transmission and explain the role of the auditory (Eustachian) tube in maintaining appropriate pressure
Explain the impedance mismatch between the outer ear and inner ear and describe the major middle ear mechanism for overcoming the impedance mismatch
List the conditions that cause the acoustic reflex to occur and explain how the acoustic reflex protects the inner ear from certain sounds
List several outer and middle ear disorders that cause conductive hearing loss
