| Test 3 Study Guide PEP 475 Electrocardiography 1. Know the first 4 steps of the "12 lead checklist". Unusual Beats 1. Define automaticity. What is abnormal automaticity? 2. Define overdrive suppression. Why is it an important mechanism in the heart? 3. What is an escape beat? An escape rhythm? Can escape rhythms be helpful? 4. What are some general characteristics of premature beats? 5. Describe the characteristics of PAC’s, non-conducted PAC’s, PJC’s, & PVC’s. What do they look like? 6. What is the difference between an incomplete and complete compensatory pause? 7. Regarding premature beats, what do the following terms refer to: -couplet or pair, bigeminy, trigeminy, quadrigeminy, run or salvo? 8. Regarding PVC’s, what is the difference between uni-focal and multi-focal PVC’s? 9. How many PVC’s in a minute is considered significant? 10.Under what 4 circumstances are PVC’s considered dangerous? Sinus/AV blocks 1. What are the characteristics of sinus exit block? 2. What are the characteristics of 10 AV block? 3. What are the characteristics of 20 AV block Mobitz type 1? What are the "footprints of Wenckebach"? What can this rhythm be caused by? 4. What are the characteristics of 20 AV block Mobitz type 1? Is it a serious rhythm? 5. Be able to describe both types of 20 AV block in terms of a P wave to R wave ratio. 6. What are the characteristics of 30 AV block? Is this a dangerous rhythm? Why or why not? 7. What are the key ways we distinguish between Mobitz I, Mobitz II, and 30 AV block? Enlargement and Hypertrophy 1. Discuss the two causes of cardiac hypertrophy. Which cause is usually related to disease? 2. What are the general characteristics of hypertrophy on the EKG? 3. What are the characteristics of right atrial & left atrial enlargement? What leads do we look in? 4. What are the characteristics of right ventricular hypertrophy? Describe the R-wave progression in the precordial leads in RVH. 5. What are the 3 voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy? (Reminder: we need to see only one voltage criteria to call LVH). Is the presence of T-wave strain and Left Axis Deviation necessary to diagnose LVH? Describe the "strain pattern" of the T wave. Bundle Branch Blocks 1. What are the general characteristics of Bundle Branch Block (BBB) on the EKG? 2. What are common causes of BBB? 3. What are the criteria for RBBB? Describe (thinking vectors!!) why the EKG looks like it does in RBBB. 4. What are the criteria for LBBB? Describe (thinking vectors!!) why the EKG looks like it does in LBBB. 5. What is a more serious finding: LBBB or RBBB? |
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