What are the 3 standard limb leads?
What are the 3 augmented limb leads?
What are the 6 precordial or chest lead?
Which leads are bipolar?
Which leads are unipolar?
Make sure you know the lead placement and charge.
Can you label Enthoven’s Triangle (lead an charge)?
What plane are the limb leads viewing the heart?
What plane are the augmented leads viewing the heart?
With the precordial leads, leads ____view the right ventricle, leads______ view the interventricular septum, and leads______view the left ventricle.
If each square on graph paper is _______mm, how many mm is 10 small squares?
If each square on graph paper represents ____ sec., how many seconds in 3 squares? How many seconds in 1 Box and 3 squares?
The mathematical basis of the triplet measure of heart rate is determined by the constant _________ divided by the number of large boxes beyond your starting measurement to the next impulse.
When you use the R to R method of heart rate determination, you divide 60 by the number of _______ you count.
Make sure you can do the R to R HR determination method.
If the R to R cycles vary by .16 or more, the rhythm is irregular and you must use what type of method to determine HR?
What does the P wave represent?
What does the QRS complex represent?
What does the ST segment represent?
The normal PR interval is how long in seconds?
Is the PR segment normally isoelectric?
The QRS complex duration is normally less than or equal to ______
A QRS complex is abnormal if it is ______________.
The QRS complex is borderline if it is___________.
Is a normal ST segment isoelectric?
If the vector is going towards the positive pole, the deflection will be____ on EKG paper.
If the vector is going away from the positive pole, the deflection will be____ on EKG paper.
When you evaluate the P wave, what are you using as criteria?
How do we evaluate atrial and ventricular rhythm?
What is the hexaxial system in EKG interpretation?
What is the rate of a normal sinus rhythm?
What is the rate of a sinus tachycardia?
What is the rate of a sinus bradycardia?
With the precordial leads, the biphasic in a normal transition is _____ or _____.
What does biphasic mean?
In the precordial leads, which wave ______ (P, Q, R, or S) is progressively getting bigger in a normal EKG.
Can you label the hexaxial system?
What is a sinus arrhythmia?
What is a wandering atrial pacemaker?
What is multifocal atrial tachycardia?
What is a Junctional rhythm? Where is the impulse beginning?
A junctional rhythm will usually have a rate of ____ to______ bpm.
With a PVC, the impulse is originating in what area of the heart?
How man PVC’s are considered clinically significant?
Often PVC’s are coupled together.
If the PVC follows a normal QRS and alternates this way it is called?
If the PVC follows TWO QRS complexes, this is called?
If the PVC follows THREE QRS complexes, this is called?
If the PVCs continue, the abnormal rhythm is called?
An early atrial contraction, coming somewhere in the atrial is called a ________?
If there is no QRS complex after the atrial contraction, we would call this a ______PAC.
To interpret a 12-Lead EKG
1. Determine the calibration
2. Determine the rate
3. Determine the rhythm
4. Determine the mean QRS axis
Interpret the 12-Lead
What are the basic steps to determine the EKG mean QRS axis?
Be able to LABEL THE LEAD AND THE CHARGE on the hexaxial system!
On the hexaxial system, look at each lead and determin if the lead is postive (above the baseline) or negative (below the baseline), which way the vector would go.
The average of all of the vectors (coming from the AV node) is called what?
What is the range for normal axis?
What is the range in units for right axis deviation?
What is the range in units for extreme right axis deviation?
What is the range in units for left axis deviation?
Blood Pressure
What is the lumen?
What is the tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia?
What is laminar flow?
What cells line the tunica intima?
What are the three types of arteries?
The arteriole is subdivied into shunt vessels and true capillary? What are they?
What is the sphincter and how does it work?
Explain the valve system in the veins and how the muscles work with it?
What is the respiratory pump in regards to blood flow?
What is the dicrotic notch in the blood pressure graph?
What causes the dicrotic notch?
What is pulse pressure?
How is pulse pressure calculated?
When you monitor a heart rate with palpation, is this pulse pressure?
What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP).
How is MAP calculated?
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