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Copyright Notice: The publishers hold the copyright of these articles. The PDFs are provided here to ensure rapid dissemination of scholarly work. It is understood that you will use them only in a manner consistent with the fair use provisions of U.S. copyright law. You may not distribute them or use them for any commercial enterprise. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., Cornett, L., Goodin, Z., & Allen, P. A. (in press). On the non-automaticity of visual word processing: Electrophysiological evidence that word processing requires central attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Kuhns, D. (in press). Age-related differences in switching between cognitive tasks: Does internal control ability decline with age? Psychology and Aging. Lachter, J., Ruthruff, E., Lien, M.-C., & McCann, R. S. (in press). Is attention needed for object identification? Evidence from the Stroop paradigm. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., Goodin, Z., & Remington, R. W. (in press). Contingent attentional capture by top-down control settings: Converging evidence from event-related potentials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. Ruthruff, E., Allen, P. A., Lien, M.-C., & Grabbe, J. (in press). Visual word recognition without central attention: Evidence for greater automaticity with greater reading ability. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. Kuhns, D., Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2007). Proactive versus reactive task-set inhibition in task switching: Evidence from flanker compatibility effects. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 977-983. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., Hsieh, S.-L., & Yu, Y.-T. (2007). Parallel central processing between tasks: Evidence from lateralized readiness potentials. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 133-141. Green, C., Johnston, J. C., & Ruthruff, E. (2007). Recognition of pictures may not require central attentional resources. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society. Allen, P. A., Ruthruff, E, & Lien, M.-C. (2007). Attention. In J. Birren (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Gerontology. Lien, M.-C., Allen, P. A., Ruthruff, E., Grabbe, J., McCann, R. S., & Remington, R. W. (2006). Visual word recognition without central attention: Evidence for greater automaticity with advancing age. Psychology and Aging, 21, 431-447. Hazeltine, E., & Ruthruff, E. (2006). Modality pairing effects and the response selection bottleneck. Psychological Research, 70, 504-513. Ruthruff, E., Hazeltine, E., & Remington, R. W. (2006). What causes residual dual-task cost after practice? Psychological Research, 70, 494-503. Hazeltine, E., Ruthruff, E., & Remington, R. W. (2006). The role of input and output modality pairings in dual-task performance: Evidence for content-dependent central interference. Cognitive Psychology, 52, 291-345. [pdf] Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., & Johnston, J. C. (2006). Attentional limitations in doing two things at once: The search for exceptions.  Current Directions in Psychological Science. [pdf] Lien, M., Ruthruff, E., & Kuhns, D. (2006). On the difficulty of task switching: Assessing the role of task-set inhibition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 53-535. [pdf] Ruthruff, E., Van Selst, M., Johnston, J. C., & Remington, R. W. (2006). How does practice reduce dual-task interference: Integration, automatization, or simply stage-shortening? Psychological Research, 70, 125-142. [pdf] Bucur, B., Allen, P. A., Sanders, R. E., Ruthruff, E., & Murphy, M. (2005). Redundancy Gain and Coactivation in Bimodal Detection: Evidence for the Preservation of Coactive Processing in Older Adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 60, 279-282. Lien, M.-C., Ruthruff, E., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (2005). On the limits of advance preparation for a task switch: Do people prepare all the task some of the time or some of the task all the time? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 299-315. [pdf] Lien, M.-C., McCann, R. E., Ruthruff, E., & Proctor, R. W. (2005). Confirming and disconfirming theories about ideomotor compatibility in dual-task performance: Reply to Greenwald (2005). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 226-229. [pdf] Lien, M.-C., McCann, R. E., Ruthruff, E., & Proctor, R. W. (2005).  Dual-task performance with ideomotor-compatible tasks: Is the central processing bottleneck intact, bypassed, or shifted in locus? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 122-144. [pdf] Lachter, J., Forster, K. I., & Ruthruff, E. (2004). Forty years after Broadbent: Still no identification without attention. Psychological Review, 111, 880-913. [pdf] Lien, M.-C., & Ruthruff, E. (2004). Task switching in a hierarchical task structure: Evidence for the fragility of the task repetition benefit. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 30, 697-713. [pdf] Lien, M.-C., Proctor, R. W., & Ruthruff, E. (2003).  Still no evidence for perfect timesharing with two ideomotor compatible tasks: An observation on Greenwald (2003).  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 1267-1272. [pdf] Ruthruff, E., Pashler, H., & Hazeltine, E. (2003). Dual-Task Interference with Equal Task Emphasis: Graded Capacity-Sharing or Central Postponement? Perception and Psychophysics, 65, 801-816. [pdf] Ruthruff, E., Johnston, J. C., Van Selst, M. V., Whitsell, S., & Remington, R. (2003). Vanishing dual-task interference after practice: Has the bottleneck been eliminated or is it merely latent? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 280-289. [pdf] Johnston, J. C., Hochhaus, L., & Ruthruff, E. (2002). Repetition blindness has a perceptual locus: Evidence from online processing of targets in RSVP streams. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 477-489. [pdf] Pashler, H., Johnston, J. C., & Ruthruff, E. (2001). Attention and performance.  Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 629-651. [pdf] Ruthruff, E., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (2001). Switching between simple cognitive tasks:  The interaction between top-down and bottom-up factors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 1404-1419. [pdf] Ruthruff, E., Pashler, H., & Klaassen, A. (2001). Processing bottlenecks in dual-task performance: Structural limitation or voluntary postponement?  Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 73-80. [pdf] Ruthruff, E., Johnston, J. C., & Van Selst, M. V. (2001). Why practice reduces dual-task interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 3-21. [pdf] Folk, C., Remington, R. W., Lachter, J., & Ruthruff, E. (2001) Top-down gating of preattentive featural processing in multidimensional objects. Journal of Vision, 1, 111. Ruthruff, E., & Pashler, H. (2001). Central and peripheral interference in RSVP displays. In K. Shapiro (Ed.), The Limits of Attention: Temporal Constraints on Human Information Processing, 100-123. Oxford University Press. [pdf] Remington, R. W., Johnston, J. C., Ruthruff, E., Romera, M., & Gold, M. (2000). Visual search in complex displays: Factors affecting conflict detection by air traffic controllers. Human Factors, 42, 349-366. Van Selst, M. V., Ruthruff, E., & Johnston, J. C. (1999). Can practice eliminate the Psychological Refractory Period effect? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25, 1268-1283. [pdf] Johnston, J. C., Ruthruff, E., & Monheit, M. (1997). Dependence by any other name smells just as sweet:  Reply to van der Velde and van der Heijden.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1813-1818. [pdf] Ruthruff, E. (1996). A test of the Deadline model for speed-accuracy tradeoffs. Perception & Psychophysics, 58, 56-64. [pdf] Ruthruff, E., & Miller, J. O. (1995). Negative priming depends on ease of selection. Perception & Psychophysics, 57, 715-723. Ruthruff, E., & Miller, J. O. (1995). Can mental rotation begin before perception finishes? Memory & Cognition, 23, 408-424. Ruthruff, E., Miller, J. O., & Lachmann, T. (1995). Does mental rotation require central mechanisms? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 552-570. [pdf] Loftus, G. L., & Ruthruff, E. (1994). A theory of visual information acquisition and visual memory with special application to intensity-duration tradeoffs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 33-49. [pdf] Loftus, G. L., Kaufman, L., Nishimoto, T., & Ruthruff, E. (1992). Why it's annoying to look at slides with the room lights still on: Effects of visual degradation on perceptual processing and long-term visual memory. In K. Raynor (Ed.) Eye Movements and Visual Cognition: Scene Perception and Reading. New York: Springer-Verlag.